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1.
Public Health ; 183: 55-62, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32434087

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: We described the epidemiology and healthcare exposures during a measles outbreak in London and identified factors associated with isolation on arrival to healthcare premises. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cohort study including all confirmed measles cases in London residents from February 1, 2016, to June 30, 2016, and semistructured interviews with two infection prevention and control teams (IPCTs). METHODS: We described the outbreak and conducted a multilevel mixed-effects analysis to assess the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical factors and isolation on arrival to healthcare premises. We summarised the interviews. RESULTS: There were 182 cases, mostly aged 17-35 years (46%; 84). Excluding cases younger than one year, 76% (92/120) were unvaccinated, including two healthcare workers. The majority presented with rash (97%; 174), and 42% (70/166) required hospitalisation. Of the recorded cases, 93% of cases (164/178) had visited a healthcare setting during their infectious period (median number of visits = 2). In 33% (59/178) of the visits, the case was isolated on arrival; when not isolated, four healthcare exposures resulted in further transmission. Presenting to the hospital as opposed to a general practitioner (GP) was associated with higher odds of isolation (odds ratio = 2.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-4.4) when adjusted for age, gender and presenting with a cough. The IPCT identified measles training using standardised risk assessments by triage nurses in accident and emergency and intelligence regarding measles activity in the community as positive measures to prevent healthcare exposures. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend opportunistic immunisation of unvaccinated young adults by GPs and that occupational health departments ensure their staff are protected against measles. Raising measles awareness in healthcare settings via training or regular sharing of current measles surveillance activity from public health to the IPCT and GP may improve triage and isolation of cases on arrival to healthcare premises.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Instalações de Saúde , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Isolamento de Pacientes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/estatística & dados numéricos , Londres/epidemiologia , Masculino , Sarampo/transmissão , Vacina contra Sarampo/administração & dosagem , Análise Multinível , Adulto Jovem
2.
Hong Kong Med J ; 26(4): 331-338, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32807736

RESUMO

Patient blood management (PBM) is a patient-centred, multidisciplinary approach to optimise red cell mass, minimise blood loss, and manage tolerance to anaemia in an effort to improve patient outcomes. Well-implemented PBM improves patient outcomes and reduces demand for blood products. The multidisciplinary approach of PBM can often allow patients to avoid blood transfusions, which are associated with less favourable clinical outcomes. In Hong Kong, there has been increasing demand for blood in the ageing population, and there are simultaneous blood safety and donor issues that are adversely affecting the blood supply. To address these challenges, the Hong Kong Society of Clinical Blood Management recommends implementation of a PBM programme in Hong Kong, including strategies such as optimising red blood cell mass, improving anaemia management, minimising blood loss, and rationalising the use of blood and blood products.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue/provisão & distribuição , Transfusão de Sangue/normas , Implementação de Plano de Saúde/métodos , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Anemia/prevenção & controle , Anemia/terapia , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Implementação de Plano de Saúde/organização & administração , Hong Kong , Humanos , Sociedades Médicas
3.
Hong Kong Med J ; 25(1): 58-63, 2019 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30713150

RESUMO

The Centre for Health Protection of the Department of Health has convened the Advisory Group on Antibiotic Stewardship Programme in Primary Care (the Advisory Group) to formulate guidance notes and strategies for optimising judicious use of antibiotics and enhancing the Antibiotic Stewardship Programme in Primary Care. Acute pharyngitis is one of the most common conditions among out-patients in primary care in Hong Kong. Practical recommendations on the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis are made by the Advisory Group based on the best available clinical evidence, local prevalence of pathogens and associated antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and common local practice.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Faringite/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Doença Aguda , Gestão de Antimicrobianos/organização & administração , Hong Kong , Humanos , Faringite/microbiologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
4.
Opt Express ; 25(8): 9088-9093, 2017 Apr 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28437983

RESUMO

A fast and non-iterative method for generating a phase-only hologram, hereafter referred to as the patterned-phase-only hologram (PPOH), is reported in this paper. Briefly, a phase mask with a periodic phase pattern is added to the source image, and converted into a hologram. Subsequently, only the phase component is retained as a phase-only hologram. Experimental evaluation reveals that the visual quality of the reconstructed images of the PPOH generated with our proposed method is favorable, and superior to that obtained with existing methods.

5.
Opt Express ; 24(20): 23390-23395, 2016 Oct 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27828405

RESUMO

If an image is uniformly down-sampled into a sparse form and converted into a hologram, the phase component alone will be adequate to reconstruct the image. However, the appearance of the reconstructed image is degraded with numerous empty holes. In this paper, we present a low complexity and non-iterative solution to this problem. Briefly, two phase-only holograms are generated for an image, each based on a different down-sampling lattice. Subsequently, the holograms are displayed alternately at high frame rate. The reconstructed images of the 2 holograms will appear to be a single, densely sampled image with enhance visual quality.

6.
Pain Med ; 17(6): 1137-1144, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26843593

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The Pain Medication Attitude Questionnaire (PMAQ) was designed to assess concerns about pain medication among patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. The instrument has been demonstrated to be a reliable measure with good psychometric properties, yet its validity among Chinese has not been evaluated. This study aimed to translate the English-language version of the PMAQ into Chinese (ChPMAQ) and to evaluate its reliability and concurrent validity. METHODS: A total of 201 Chinese patients with chronic pain attending two multidisciplinary pain clinics in Hong Kong completed the ChPMAQ, the Chronic Pain Grade (CPG) questionnaire, the mental health subscale of the SF-12 (QoL-Mental), and questions assessing sociodemographic and pain characteristics. RESULTS: Our results showed that the seven ChPMAQ scales possessed good internal consistency. Except for the correlation between Withdrawal and Mistrust (r = 0.13), all ChPMAQ scales were significantly correlated with each other (all p < 0.01). The scales also correlated with two concurrent criterion measures, QoL-Mental and Pain Disability, in a predictable direction. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that the ChPMAQ scales predicted concurrent QoL-Mental (F(7,190) = 2.75, p < 0.05) and pain disability (F(7,188) = 3.00, p < 0.01). Need (std ß = -0.23, p<0.05) and Side effects (std ß = 0.27, p < 0.01) emerged as independent predictors of concurrent QoL-Mental and pain disability, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite the current preliminary findings for the reliability and concurrent validity of the ChPMAQ, more research is needed to substantiate the reliability, validity and other psychometric properties of the instrument.

8.
Int Nurs Rev ; 63(4): 530-538, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27646884

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Internationally, and particularly in Singapore, health education institutions are facing challenges in attracting school leavers to enter nursing courses. OBJECTIVES: To identify the factors influencing the career choice of Singaporean healthcare students and determine the deterrents in choosing nursing as a career choice. DESIGN: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study design was used. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-nine healthcare students from three higher education institutions were recruited. METHOD: Four nursing and four non-nursing focus groups discussion were held. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Six themes emerged as follows: 'personal interest'; 'prior healthcare exposure'; 'job prospects'; 'academic performance'; 'perceived nature of work'; and 'social influences'. DISCUSSION: The personal interests to help and care along with prior healthcare exposures were found to influence the students' choice. Job prospects such as the ease of getting a job, job stability, and job salary were considered. Nursing was perceived as a course for students with poor academic ability. Misconceptions about the nature of work and a lack of social recognition were identified as deterring factors in students' choice of nursing as a career. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the career decision process among healthcare students enables educational leaders and policy-makers to enhance the focus of nursing recruitment strategies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND/OR HEALTH POLICY: Strategies for nursing recruitment in Singapore must include creating more opportunities for exposure to nursing in early school years, reviewing the admission policies for nursing programmes to attract academically abled students, ensuring that nursing graduates' salaries are comparable with other healthcare graduates, promoting a better understanding on the role of a registered nurse and its career developments, and providing support for those who are interested in nursing but are faced with career decision-making difficulties due to their families.


Assuntos
Escolha da Profissão , Enfermagem , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Estudantes , Atenção à Saúde , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Singapura , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Qual Life Res ; 24(9): 2087-97, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25749925

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patient satisfaction research in chronic pain treatment is scarce internationally and is nonexistent in Chinese communities like Hong Kong. This longitudinal study examined the relationships between medical adherence, pain treatment satisfaction, disability, and quality of life (QoL) in a sample of Chinese patients with chronic pain. METHODS: A total of 178 patients with chronic pain were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months following baseline. Medical adherence and pain treatment satisfaction were assessed by the Participant Compliance Reporting Scale and the Pain Treatment Satisfaction Scale (PTSS), respectively. QoL, depression, pain catastrophizing, and pain-related fear were assessed using SF-12, the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, respectively. Linear mixed effects models (LME) were fitted to identify predictors of pain treatment satisfaction, medical adherence, and QoL. RESULTS: Results of univariate LME analyses showed significant quadratic time effects on four PTSS scores and significant associations between disability grade and PTSS scores (all p < 0.05). Medical adherence was not significantly associated with satisfaction regarding pain medication (model 1). Satisfaction with medication characteristics emerged as an independent predictor of medical adherence (model 2: std ß = -0.11, p < 0.05) after controlling for sociodemographic and pain variables. Neither medical adherence nor pain treatment satisfaction predicted QoL outcomes (models 3 and 4). CONCLUSIONS: Distinct trajectories in pain treatment satisfaction were displayed in the current sample of Chinese patients with different disability grading chronic pain. Within pain treatment, only medication characteristics significantly impacted patients' medical adherence.


Assuntos
Dor Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Adesão à Medicação/psicologia , Satisfação do Paciente , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Povo Asiático , Catastrofização/psicologia , Dor Crônica/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Hong Kong , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Manejo da Dor/psicologia , Medição da Dor , Adulto Jovem
10.
Int J Behav Med ; 22(1): 118-31, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24788315

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous research on the fear-avoidance model (FAM) of chronic pain suggests that the personality traits of neuroticism and negative affect (NA) influence pain catastrophizing. However, the mechanisms of their influence on pain catastrophizing remain unclear. PURPOSE: This study examined four possible models of relationships between neuroticism, NA, and pain catastrophizing within the FAM framework using structural equation modeling. METHOD: A total of 401 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain completed measures of neuroticism, NA, three core FAM components (pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear, and pain anxiety), and adjustment outcomes (pain-related disability and depression). RESULTS: Regression analyses refuted the possibility that neuroticism and NA moderated each other's effect on pain catastrophic thoughts (p > 0.05). Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) evidenced superior data-model fit for the collapsed models in which neuroticism and NA were two secondary traits underlying a latent construct, negative emotion (disability: comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.93; depression: CFI = 0.91). CONCLUSION: The results offer preliminary evidence that patients presenting with more neurotic symptom and heightened NA probably elicit more catastrophic thoughts about pain.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Catastrofização/psicologia , Dor Crônica/psicologia , Dor Musculoesquelética/psicologia , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/complicações , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Medo/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroticismo , Medição da Dor/métodos , Análise de Regressão , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Opt Express ; 22(21): 25208-14, 2014 Oct 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25401554

RESUMO

We present a novel non-iterative method for generating phase-only Fresnel holograms. The intensity image of the source object scene is first down-sampled with uniform grid-cross lattices. A Fresnel hologram is then generated from the intensity and the depth information of the sampled object points. Subsequently, only the phase component of the hologram is preserved, resulting in a pure phase hologram that we call the sampled-phase-only hologram (SPOH). Experimental evaluation reveals that the numerical, as well as the optical reconstructed images of the proposed phase-only hologram derived with our method are of high visual quality. Moreover, the reconstructed optical image is brighter, and less affected by phase noise contamination on the hologram as compared with those generated with existing error-diffusion approaches.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Holografia/métodos , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Análise Numérica Assistida por Computador
12.
Phys Chem Chem Phys ; 16(39): 21119-34, 2014 Oct 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25017305

RESUMO

The atomic structure of inorganic nanoclusters obtained via a search for low lying minima on energy landscapes, or hypersurfaces, is reported for inorganic binary compounds: zinc oxide (ZnO)n, magnesium oxide (MgO)n, cadmium selenide (CdSe)n, and potassium fluoride (KF)n, where n = 1-12 formula units. The computational cost of each search is dominated by the effort to evaluate each sample point on the energy landscape and the number of required sample points. The effect of changing the balance between these two factors on the success of the search is investigated. The choice of sample points will also affect the number of required data points and therefore the efficiency of the search. Monte Carlo based global optimisation routines (evolutionary and stochastic quenching algorithms) within a new software package, viz. Knowledge Led Master Code (KLMC), are employed to search both directly and after pre-screening on the DFT energy landscape. Pre-screening includes structural relaxation to minimise a cheaper energy function - based on interatomic potentials - and is found to improve significantly the search efficiency, and typically reduces the number of DFT calculations required to locate the local minima by more than an order of magnitude. Although the choice of functional form is important, the approach is robust to small changes to the interatomic potential parameters. The computational cost of initial DFT calculations of each structure is reduced by employing Gaussian smearing to the electronic energy levels. Larger (KF)n nanoclusters are predicted to form cuboid cuts from the rock-salt phase, but also share many structural motifs with (MgO)n for smaller clusters. The transition from 2D rings to 3D (bubble, or fullerene-like) structures occur at a larger cluster size for (ZnO)n and (CdSe)n. Differences between the HOMO and LUMO energies, for all the compounds apart from KF, are in the visible region of the optical spectrum (2-3 eV); KF lies deep in the UV region at 5 eV and shows little variation. Extrapolating the electron affinities found for the clusters with respect to size results in the qualitatively correct work functions for the respective bulk materials.

13.
Qual Life Res ; 23(8): 2333-41, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24748558

RESUMO

PURPOSE: In the fear-avoidance model (FAM) of chronic pain, pain-related fear is one of the most prominent predictors of negative adjustment outcomes. While existing data point to the effects of anxiety sensitivity, pain hypervigilance, and pain catastrophizing on pain-related fear, the nature of their multivariate relationships remains unclear. This study explored the possible mediating role of pain hypervigilance in the relationship of anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing with pain-related fear, and their effects on quality of life (QoL) outcomes within the FAM framework. METHODS: A sample of 401 Chinese patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain completed the standardized measures assessing the FAM components and QoL. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate six hypothesized models. RESULTS: Results of SEM showed adequate data-model fit [comparative fit indexes (CFIs) ranging from 0.92 to 0.94] on models which specified pain hypervigilance as mediator of anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing with pain-related fear on two QoL outcomes (QoL-Physical and QoL-Mental). Results consistent with net suppression effects of pain catastrophizing on anxiety sensitivity were found in SEM when both anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing were included in the same full model to predict QoL-Physical (CFI = 0.95; Sobel z = 8.06, p < 0.001) and QoL-Mental (CFI = 0.93; Sobel z = 8.31, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These cross-sectional analyses gave results consistent with pain hypervigilance, mediating the relationship of pain catastrophic cognition and anxiety sensitivity with pain-related fear. The net suppression effects of pain catastrophizing point to anxiety sensitivity, enhancing the effect of pain catastrophic cognition on pain hypervigilance. These findings elucidate how the interdependence of dispositional factors might influence pain adjustment and functioning.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Catastrofização/psicologia , Dor Crônica/psicologia , Modelos Psicológicos , Dor Musculoesquelética/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Medo/psicologia , Humanos , Análise Multivariada , Medição da Dor/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários
14.
Placenta ; 147: 52-58, 2024 03 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38316084

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is a common hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Several studies have demonstrated that protein aggregates, detected through urine congophilia, is associated with preeclampsia; however, it has yet to be investigated whether urine congophilia remains postpartum in these women. In this study, we aimed to augment prior studies and determine whether urine congophilia is present postpartum. METHODS: Women were recruited from Lyell McEwin Hospital, South Australia. Urine samples were collected during pregnancy and 6-months postpartum from women with non-preeclampsia pregnancies (n = 48) and women with pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (n = 42). A Congo Red Dot blot test, total protein and creatinine levels from urine, as well as serum Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 to placental growth factor ratio (sFlt-1:PlGF), were assessed and correlated. RESULTS: Preeclamptic women exhibited increased urine congophilia (P < 0.01), sFlt-1:PlGF ratio (P < 0.0001) and total protein (P < 0.01) during pregnancy; with a positive correlation between urine congophilia and total protein across the entire cohort (P < 0.0001). Although urine congophilia was no longer detected 6-months postpartum in preeclamptic women, total protein remained elevated (P < 0.05). sFlt-1:PlGF ratio during pregnancy was positively correlated with congophilia across the cohort (P = 0.0007). Serum creatinine was also higher in preeclamptic women during pregnancy (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION: These results support that urine congophilia is significantly elevated in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia and show that it does not continue postpartum, although larger cohort studies are needed to determine its feasibility as a diagnostic marker.


Assuntos
Hipertensão , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Eclâmpsia/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Placentário , Período Pós-Parto , Estudos de Coortes , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Biomarcadores
15.
Allergy ; 67(10): 1215-22, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22882409

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess remarkable self-renewal capacity and the potential to differentiate into novel cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). iPSC-MSCs have been shown to enhance tissue regeneration and attenuate tissue ischaemia; however, their contribution to the immune regulation of Th2-skewed allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the immunomodulatory effects of iPSC-MSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) on lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell phenotypes and cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with AR, and investigated the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory properties of iPSC-MSCs. METHODS: In co-cultures of PBMCs with iPSC-MSCs or BM-MSCs, lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated using 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) uptake, carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) assays; the regulatory T-cell (Treg) phenotype was determined by flow cytometry, and cytokine levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The immunomodulatory properties of both MSCs were further evaluated using NS398 and transwell experiments. RESULTS: Similar to BM-MSCs, we determined that iPSC-MSCs significantly inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and promote Treg response in PBMCs (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the cytokine milieu (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13) in the supernatants of PBMCs changed significantly (P < 0.05). The immunomodulatory properties of iPSC-MSCs and BM-MSCs were associated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and cell-cell contact. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that iPSC-MSCs are capable of modulating T-cell phenotypes towards Th2 suppression through inducing Treg expansion, suggesting that iPSC-MSCs can be used as an alternative candidate to adult MSCs to treat allergic airway diseases.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/fisiologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/imunologia , Rinite Alérgica Perene/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Imunomodulação , Rinite Alérgica , Rinite Alérgica Perene/etiologia , Linfócitos T/fisiologia
16.
Hong Kong Med J ; 18(5): 407-11, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23018068

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES. To clarify the use of ultrasonography by determining the frequency of developmental dysplasia of the hip among breech-presented Chinese neonates in Hong Kong. DESIGN. Prospective case series. SETTING. Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS. All breech-presented Chinese neonates born during January 2008 to June 2009 were included (except premature neonates). They were examined clinically from birth till the age of 1 year. Ultrasound of the hips was performed at the age of 2 weeks, and X-ray of the pelvis at the age of 1 year. RESULTS. A total of 209 breech-presented neonates were born during the study period; 110 neonates completed all necessary investigations and follow-up. Among the latter, there were three neonates with developmental dysplasia of the hip warranting treatment, which amounted to a frequency of 2.7%. CONCLUSION. Developmental dysplasia of the hip among breech-presented Chinese babies is only slightly less common than in corresponding populations in other regions in the world. Since early diagnosis is important, ultrasonography screening in high-risk cases such as those with breech presentation may be useful.


Assuntos
Apresentação Pélvica , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/epidemiologia , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia
17.
Ergonomics ; 55(4): 415-24, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22397358

RESUMO

Improved assessment of whole body vibration exposure is needed for epidemiological studies investigating the causes of low back disorders. Vibration was measured on 54 worker-days in five heavy industries, with data collected on observed and self-reported driving conditions, demographics, and vehicle characteristics. Variables significant at p < 0.1 in simple linear regressions (20 of 34) were retained for mixed effects multiple regressions to determine the best prediction of rms vibration level and 8-h equivalent vibration exposure. Vibration was measured, on average, for 205 min per work shift (SD 105). Means and standard deviations in m · s⁻² were: x-axis 0.35 (0.19); y-axis 0.34 (0.28); z-axis 0.54 (0.23); vector sum 0.90 (0.49); and 8-h equivalent vector sum 0.70 (0.37). The final three regression models retained only 2 or 3 of the 34 variables (driving speed (<20 km/h and/or 20-40 km/h) and industry and/or vehicle type and explained up to 60% of the variance (R² = 0.26-0.6). PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: The purpose of the project was to create a model that can predict whole body vibration exposure from a number of observed or self-reported variables. This could eliminate the need for costly and time-consuming field measurements of WBV in epidemiological studies. Despite a large number of variables included in the model (34) and 54 worker-days of WBV measurement, the final models contained only two or three variables, and explained 60% of the variance. While this is an improvement over use of job title in epidemiological studies, it still leaves a considerable amount of WBV variance unexplained.


Assuntos
Lesões nas Costas/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Vibração , Indústria da Construção , Eletromiografia , Agricultura Florestal , Humanos , Saúde Ocupacional , Fatores de Risco , Meios de Transporte
18.
Front Psychol ; 13: 881019, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35846680

RESUMO

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of Digital Content Marketing (DCM) on a Mixed Reality (MR) training platform environment with the consideration of online purchase intention (OPI) through social media. E-commerce today encounters several common issues that cause customers to have reservations to purchase online. With the absence of physical contact points, customers often perceive more risks when making purchase decisions. Furthermore, online retailers often find it hard to engage customers and develop long-term relationships. In this research, a Structural Equation Model (SEM) is proposed to examine the efficacy of DCM from both immediate and long-term OPI. The results examine whether adopting DCM on an MR training platform environment through social media brings positive results in OPI. Empirical research was carried out through online questionnaires collected in 2021 and 2022. A total of 374 questionnaires were qualified for data analysis in this study, conducted with IBM SPSS and AMOS. The results imply that DCM is critical to stimulating both immediate and long-term OPI. The immediate OPI is positively affected by increasing perceived value through MR in DCM. Regarding the long-term OPI, increased customer engagement with DCM under MR environment can cultivate brand trust and significantly affect the long-term OPI.

19.
J Cell Mol Med ; 15(11): 2307-16, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21155978

RESUMO

The identification and analysis of several cationic ion channels and their associated genes have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmia. Our objective in this study was to examine the involvement of anionic ion channels in cardiac arrhythmia. We used a transgenic mouse model to overexpress the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes a cAMP-regulated chloride channel. We used RNase protection and in situ hybridization assays to determine the level of CFTR expression, and radiotelemetry and in vivo electrophysiological study in combination with pharmacological intervention to analyse the cardiac function. Cardiac CFTR overexpression leads to stress-related sudden death in this model. In vivo intracardiac electrophysiological studies performed in anaesthetized mice showed no significant differences in baseline conduction parameters including atrial-His bundle (AH) or His bundle-ventricular (HV) conduction intervals, atrioventricular (AV) Wenckebach or 2:1 AV block cycle length and AV nodal functional refractory period. However, following isoproterenol administration, there was marked slowing of conduction parameters, including high-grade AV block in transgenic mice, with non-sustained ventricular tachycardia easily inducible using programmed stimulation or burst pacing. Our sudden death mouse model can be a valuable tool for investigation of the role of chloride channels in arrhythmogenesis and, potentially, for future evaluation of novel anti-arrhythmic therapeutic strategies and pharmacological agents.


Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Nó Atrioventricular/fisiopatologia , Canais de Cloreto/metabolismo , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/metabolismo , Morte Súbita Cardíaca , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Animais , Arritmias Cardíacas/induzido quimicamente , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/induzido quimicamente , Bradicardia/induzido quimicamente , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/biossíntese , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/genética , Coração , Hibridização In Situ , Isoproterenol/administração & dosagem , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Taquicardia Ventricular
20.
Front Plant Sci ; 12: 609396, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33746995

RESUMO

Nickel, a micronutrient essential for plant growth and development, has been recognized as a metallic pollutant in wastewater. The concentration of nickel ions in the water course, exceeding the maximum tolerable limit, has called for an alarming attention, due to the bioaccumulative entry in the water-plant-human food chain, leaving a burden of deteriorative effects on visible characteristics, physiological processes, and oxidative stress response in plants. In this work, the renewable utilization of nickel electroplating industrial wastewater effluent (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100%) as a viable source of irrigation water was evaluated using a hydroponic cultivation system, by adopting Lablab purpureus and Brassica chinensis as the plant models, in relation to the physical growth, physiological and morphological characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, proline, and oxidative responses. The elongation of roots and shoots in L. purpureus and B. chinensis was significantly inhibited beyond 25 and 5% of industrial wastewater. The chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents, accompanied by alterations in the morphologies of xylem, phloem, and distortion of stomata, were recorded in the industrial wastewater-irrigated groups, with pronounced toxicity effects detected in B. chinensis. Excessive proline accumulation was recorded in the treated plant models. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) scavenging activities were drastically altered, with a profound upregulation effect in the POD activity in L. purpureus and both POD and APX in B. chinensis, predicting the nickel-induced oxidative stress. Conclusively, the diluted industrial wastewater effluent up to the optimum concentrations of 5 and 25%, respectively, could be feasibly reused as a renewable resource for B. chinensis and L. purpureus irrigation, verified by the minimal or negligible phytotoxic implications in the plant models. The current findings have shed light on the interruption of nickel-contaminated industrial wastewater effluent irrigation practice on the physical and biochemical features of food crops and highlighted the possibility of nutrient recycling via wastewater reuse in a sustainable soilless cultivation.

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