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1.
Adv Neonatal Care ; 22(1): 79-86, 2022 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33993155

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Family-centered care is a philosophy and healthcare delivery model adopted by many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide, yet practice varies widely. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to synthesize recommendations from frontline NICU healthcare professionals regarding family-centered care. METHODS: Data were obtained from the baseline phase of a multicenter quasi-experimental study comparing usual family-centered NICU care (baseline) with mobile-enhanced family integrated care (intervention). Members of the NICU clinical care team completed a family-centered care survey and provided free-text comments regarding practice of family-centered care in their NICU and recommendations for improvement. The comments were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach by a research team that included NICU nurses and parents. RESULTS: Of the 382 NICU healthcare providers from 6 NICUs who completed the survey, 68 (18%) provided 89 free-text comments/recommendations about family-centered care. Almost all comments were provided by nurses (91%). Six main themes were identified: language translation; communication between staff and families; staffing and workflow; team culture and leadership; education; and NICU environment. The need for greater resources for staffing, education, and environmental supports was prominent among the comments, as was team culture and staff-parent communications. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The NICU healthcare professionals identified a range of issues that support or impede delivery of family-centered care and provided actionable recommendations for improvement. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Future research should include economic analyses that will enable determination of the return on investment so that NICUs can better justify the human and capital resources needed to implement high-quality family-centered care.


Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Pais , Atenção à Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Assistência Centrada no Paciente
2.
Mol Cell ; 45(6): 814-25, 2012 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22387027

RESUMO

CpG islands (CGIs) function as promoters for approximately 60% of human genes. Most of these elements remain protected from CpG methylation, a prevalent epigenetic modification associated with transcriptional silencing. Here, we report that methylation-resistant CGI promoters are characterized by significant strand asymmetry in the distribution of guanines and cytosines (GC skew) immediately downstream from their transcription start sites. Using innovative genomics methodologies, we show that transcription through regions of GC skew leads to the formation of long R loop structures. Furthermore, we show that GC skew and R loop formation potential is correlated with and predictive of the unmethylated state of CGIs. Finally, we provide evidence that R loop formation protects from DNMT3B1, the primary de novo DNA methyltransferase in early development. Altogether, these results suggest that protection from DNA methylation is a built-in characteristic of the DNA sequence of CGI promoters that is revealed by the cotranscriptional formation of R loop structures.


Assuntos
Ilhas de CpG , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Animais , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Citosina , Metilação de DNA , Epigênese Genética , Genoma Humano , Guanina , Humanos , Camundongos , Plasmídeos/genética , Sítio de Iniciação de Transcrição , Proteínas Centrais de snRNP/genética
4.
NPJ Microgravity ; 3: 26, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29167819

RESUMO

As the range and duration of human ventures into space increase, it becomes imperative that we understand the effects of the cosmic environment on astronaut health. Molecular technologies now widely used in research and medicine will need to become available in space to ensure appropriate care of astronauts. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard for DNA analysis, yet its potential for use on-orbit remains under-explored. We describe DNA amplification aboard the International Space Station (ISS) through the use of a miniaturized miniPCR system. Target sequences in plasmid, zebrafish genomic DNA, and bisulfite-treated DNA were successfully amplified under a variety of conditions. Methylation-specific primers differentially amplified bisulfite-treated samples as would be expected under standard laboratory conditions. Our findings establish proof of concept for targeted detection of DNA sequences during spaceflight and lay a foundation for future uses ranging from environmental monitoring to on-orbit diagnostics.

5.
J Midwifery Womens Health ; 49(6): 514-9, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15544980

RESUMO

A baseline assessment of pain should occur as part of a newborn's health assessment within the first few hours of life. Validation and assessment of pain in the term newborn is important for providing care because newborns may experience pain from a multitude of procedures, ranging from heel sticks to circumcisions. Current assessment tools evaluate both behavioral and physiologic parameters. In addition, providing individualized care requires a knowledge base of the interventions available to reduce or eliminate pain, such as breastfeeding, non-nutritive suck, skin-to-skin contact, and sucrose pacifiers. This article describes three newborn pain assessment tools, the use of valid assessment tools, and evidence-based interventions that are recommended to effectively manage newborn pain.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Lactente , Avaliação em Enfermagem/métodos , Medição da Dor/enfermagem , Dor/diagnóstico , Dor/enfermagem , Competência Clínica/normas , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Avaliação em Enfermagem/normas , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Medição da Dor/métodos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
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