RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing among the elderly populations. Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE), a widely used first-line non-curative therapy for HCCs is an issue in geriatrics. We investigated the prognosis of elderly HCC patients treated with TACE and determined the factors that affect the overall survival. METHODS: We included 266 patients who were older than 65 years and had received TACE as initial treatment for HCC. We analyzed the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) around the third lumbar vertebrae using computed tomography scans. Muscle depletion with visceral adiposity (MDVA) was defined by falling below the median SMI and above the median VSR value sex-specifically. We evaluated the overall survival in association with MDVA and other clinical factors. RESULTS: The mean age was 69.9 ± 4.5 years, and 70.3% of the patients were men. According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, 29, 136, and 101 patients were classified as BCLC 0, A, and B stages, respectively, and 79 (29.7%) had MDVA. During the median follow-up of 4.1 years, patients with MDVA had a shorter life expectancy than those without MDVA (P = 0.007) even though MDVA group had a higher objective response rate after the first TACE (82.3% vs. 75.9%, P = 0.035). Multivariate analysis revealed that MDVA (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.515) age (HR 1.057), liver function (HR 1.078), tumor size (HR 1.083), serum albumin level (HR 0.523), platelet count (HR 0.996), tumor stage (stage A, HR 1.711; stage B, HR 2.003), and treatment response after the first TACE treatment (HR 0.680) were associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: MDVA is a critical prognostic factor for predicting survival in the elderly patients with HCC who have undergone TACE.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Gordura Intra-Abdominal , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Sarcopenia/mortalidade , Gordura Subcutânea Abdominal , Adiposidade , Idoso , Composição Corporal , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Expectativa de Vida , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , República da Coreia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Gordura Subcutânea Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Loss of function mutations in the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) gene have been linked with an autosomal recessive familial form of early onset Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for degeneration remains elusive. Presently, using co-immunoprecipitation in HEK (Human embryonic kidney) 293 cells, we show that Pink1 endogenously interacts with FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51 or FKBP5), FKBP5 and directly phosphorylates FKBP5 at Serine in an in vitro kinase assay. Both FKBP5 and Pink1 have been previously associated with protein kinase B (AKT) regulation. We provide evidence using primary cortical cultured neurons from Pink1-deficient mice that Pink1 increases AKT phosphorylation at Serine 473 (Ser473) challenged by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and that over-expression of FKBP5 using an adeno-associated virus delivery system negatively regulates AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in murine-cultured cortical neurons. Interestingly, FKBP5 over-expression promotes death in response to MPP+ in the absence of Pink1. Conversely, shRNA-mediated knockdown of FKBP5 in cultured cortical neurons is protective and this effect is reversed with inhibition of AKT signaling. In addition, shRNA down-regulation of PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) in Pink1 WT neurons increases neuronal survival, while down-regulation of PHLPP in Pink1 KO rescues neuronal death in response to MPP+ . Finally, using co-immunoprecipitation, we show that FKBP5 interacts with the kinase AKT and phosphatase PHLPP. This interaction is increased in the absence of Pink1, both in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEF) and in mouse brain tissue. Expression of kinase dead Pink1 (K219M) enhances FKBP5 interaction with both AKT and PHLPP. Overall, our results suggest a testable model by which Pink1 could regulate AKT through phosphorylation of FKBP5 and interaction of AKT with PHLPP. Our results suggest a potential mechanism by which PINK1-FKBP5 pathway contributes to neuronal death in PD. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
Assuntos
Neurônios/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Tacrolimo/metabolismo , 1-Metil-4-fenilpiridínio/toxicidade , Animais , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurotoxinas/farmacologia , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatases/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
Although our previous studies have showed that a novel oncogene, cancer upregulated gene (CUG)2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the detailed molecular mechanism remains unknown. Because several lines of evidence documented that Yes-Associated Protein (YAP)1 is closely associated with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes including EMT, stemness, and drug resistance, we wondered if YAP1 is involved in CUG2-induced EMT. We herein found that the overexpression of CUG2 increased YAP1 expression at the transcriptional as well as protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the elevated YAP1 transcripts are attributed to c-Jun and AP2 bindings to the YAP1 promoter. Akt and MAPK kinases including ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK enhanced the level of YAP1 protein. In spite of a close relationship between ß-catenin and YAP1, not ß-catenin but NEK2 played the role in increasing YAP1 expression. Silencing YAP1 inhibited CUG2-induced cell migration and invasion. N-cadherin and vimentin expressions were decreased during YAP1 knockdown. The suppression of YAP1 diminished TGF-ß transcriptional activity and expression as well as phosphorylation level of Smad2 and Twist protein. Conversely, LY2109761 or Smad2 siRNA treatment reduced YAP1 protein levels, indicating a close interplay between YAP1 and TGF-ß signaling. Taken together, we suggest that CUG2 induces up-regulation of YAP1 expression, leading to enhancing CUG2-induced EMT via a close crosstalk between YAP1 and TGF-ß signaling.
Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Células A549 , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Regulação para Cima , Proteínas de Sinalização YAPRESUMO
Our previous study reported that cancer upregulated gene (CUG)2, a novel oncogene, induces both faster cell migration and anti-cancer drug resistance. We thus wonder whether CUG2 also induces stemness, a characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and further examine the molecular mechanism of this phenotype. To test that CUG2 induces stemness, we examined expression of stemness-related factors. Overexpression of CUG2 enhanced expression levels of stemness-related factors in human lung carcinoma A549 and immortalized bronchial BEAS-2B cells. Consequently, CUG2 increased cellular spherical cluster forming ability. Overexpression of CUG2 also induced tumor formation in xenotransplanted nude mice whereas transplantation of control cells failed to, implying that CUG2 possesses malignant tumorigenic potential. We paid attention to nucleophosmin (NPM1) for its known interaction with CUG2. Suppression of NPM1 hindered the CUG2-mediated stemness-like phenotypes and diminished TGF-ß transcriptional activity and signaling. TGF-ß increased stemness-like phenotypes in the control cells whereas TGF-ß inhibitor blocked induction of the phenotypes, indicating that NPM1 is required for CUG2-mediated stemness-like phenotypes through TGF-ß signaling. Furthermore, the suppression of Smad- and non-Smad-dependent TGF-ß signaling pathways also prevented CUG2 from inducing stemness-like phenotypes. Altogether, we suggest that the novel CUG2 oncogene promotes cellular transformation and stemness, mediated by nuclear NPM1 protein and TGF-ß signaling.
Assuntos
Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Células A549 , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Nucleofosmina , FenótipoRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: As surrogate markers for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are convenient to measure under immunosuppression. However, the long-term prognosis of patients who achieve complete biochemical remission (CBR) in comparison with patients who achieve only biochemical remission (BR) is uncertain. METHODS: A total of 291 patients (89.7% female) diagnosed with AIH were retrospectively reviewed. CBR was defined as normal ALT and IgG levels with immunosuppression, while BR was defined as normal ALT levels. CBR was further divided into early CBR (<1year) and late CBR (≥1year) by the timing of remission. Liver-related adverse outcomes including liver-related death, liver transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated. RESULTS: With immunosuppressive treatment, 222 (76.3%) patients achieved CBR (early CBR: 168 and late CBR: 54). BR was achieved in 55 (18.9%) patients and 14 (4.8%) patients remained non-remission. With a median follow-up duration of 6.6 years, the risk of liver-related mortality was the lowest in patients with CBR, followed by patients with late CBR, BR and non-response. The cumulative risk of liver-related adverse outcomes was the highest in patients with non-response (8.51/100 person-years [PYs]), followed by BR (1.95/100 PYs), late CBR (1.89/100 PYs) and early CBR (0.75/100 PYs). By multivariable analysis, age, cirrhosis and treatment responses were independently associated with liver-related adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CBR within 1 year after treatment initiation had the lowest risk of liver-related adverse outcomes. Patients with late CBR and those with only BR had a comparable risk of long-term outcomes.
Assuntos
Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Hepatite Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite Autoimune/mortalidade , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Feminino , Hepatite Autoimune/sangue , Humanos , Fígado/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Indução de Remissão , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Our recent study reported that multidrug-resistant (MDR) human A549 lung cancer cells (A549RT-eto) with the elevated expression of NF-κB showed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increasing spheroid formation and elevating the expression levels of stemness-related factors, including Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Bmi1, and Klf4. Therefore, when new therapeutic agents targeting these malignant cancer cells were explored, we found that caged-xanthone (CX) isolated from the roots of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum diminished the expression of NF-κB, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) protein levels, cell migration and invasion, and sphere-forming ability of A549RT-eto cells. To address the role of NF-κB in these malignant cancer features, we treated A549RT-eto cells with NF-κB siRNAs in the present work. We found that the knockdown of NF-κB inhibited EMT and sphere formation. Furthermore, co-treatment with CX and NF-κB siRNA accelerated the death of apoptotic cells through the decrease of P-gp protein levels. These results suggest that NF-κB was involved in malignant cancer phenotypes and MDR in A549RT-eto cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that CX can be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant tumor cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Clusiaceae/química , Subunidade p50 de NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Xantonas/farmacologia , Células A549 , Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Humanos , Fator 4 Semelhante a Kruppel , Subunidade p50 de NF-kappa B/genéticaRESUMO
The tumor suppressor p53 plays essential roles in cellular protection mechanisms against a variety of stress stimuli and its activation induces apoptosis or autophagy in certain cancer cells. Here, we identified protopine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Nandina domestica, as an activator of the p53 pathway from cell-based natural compound screening based on p53-responsive transcription. Protopine increased the p53-mediated transcriptional activity and promoted p53 phosphorylation at the Ser15 residue, resulting in stabilization of p53 protein. Moreover, protopine up-regulated the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and BAX, downstream genes of p53, and inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Apoptosis was elicited by protopine as indicated by caspase-3/7 activation, poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, and increased population of Annexin V-FITC-positive cells. Furthermore, protopine induced the formation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta and LC3-II turnover, typical biochemical markers of autophagy, in HCT116 cells. Our findings suggest that protopine exerts its antiproliferative activity by stimulating the p53 pathway and may have potential as a chemopreventive agent for human colon cancer.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzofenantridinas/isolamento & purificação , Benzofenantridinas/uso terapêutico , Alcaloides de Berberina/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides de Berberina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Ranunculales/química , Apoptose/fisiologia , Autofagia/fisiologia , Benzofenantridinas/farmacologia , Berberidaceae/química , Berberidaceae/classificação , Alcaloides de Berberina/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Estabilidade Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ranunculales/classificação , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Multidrug resistance (MDR) cancer toward cancer chemotherapy is one of the obstacles in cancer therapy. Therefore, it is of interested to use formoxanthone C (1,3,5,6-tetraoxygenated xanthone; XanX), a natural compound, which showed cytotoxicity against MDR human A549 lung cancer (A549RT-eto). The treatment with XanX induced not only apoptosis- in A549RT-eto cells, but also autophagy-cell death. Inhibition of apoptosis did not block XanX-induced autophagy in A549RT-eto cells. Furthermore, suppression of autophagy by beclin-1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) did not interrupt XanX-induced apoptosis, indicating that XanX can separately induce apoptosis and autophagy. Of interest, XanX treatment reduced levels of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) protein overexpressed in A549RT-etocells. The co-treatment with XanX and HDAC4 siRNA accelerated both autophagy and apoptosis more than that by XanX treatment alone, suggesting survival of HDAC4 in A549RT-eto cells. XanX reverses etoposide resistance in A549RT-eto cells by induction of both autophagy and apoptosis, and confers cytotoxicity through down-regulation of HDAC4.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Xantonas/farmacologia , Células A549 , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Proteína Beclina-1/genética , Inibidores de Caspase/farmacologia , Clusiaceae/química , Regulação para Baixo , Histona Desacetilases/genética , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Humanos , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Xantonas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To evaluate the clinical value of tumor growth rate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, we investigated the growth rate of HCC by calculating the tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) and its impact on survival and recurrence. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 269 HCC patients who underwent two or more pretreatment imaging studies of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Tumor growth rate and TVDT were calculated by comparing tumor volumes between imaging studies. Clinical parameters independently related to a TVDT of <2 months were evaluated. After dividing patients into slow-growing (159 patients with TVDT >2 months) and rapid-growing (110 patients with TVDT <2 months) groups, we compared the groups in terms of their survival and recurrence outcomes. The response to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was evaluated according to TVDT. RESULTS: The median tumor growth rate and TVDT were 37.5%/month and 2.37 months, respectively. By logistic regression analyses, a high Child-Pugh score, small initial tumor diameter, gross vascular invasion, and tumor multiplicity were found to be independently associated with a TVDT of <2 months (P < 0.05). Patients in the rapid-growing group had lower survival rates and higher recurrence rates (P < 0.05). The response to TACE was worse in the rapid-growing group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A fast HCC growth rate is associated with poor liver function and aggressive tumor biology. HCC patients with shorter TVDTs exhibit poorer survival and recurrence outcomes as well as a poor response to TACE.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Carga Tumoral , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Progressão da Doença , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Modelos Logísticos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in corresponding author e-mail. It was submitted and published as kimkim70@amc.seoul.kr instead of kimkm70@amc.seoul.kr.
RESUMO
Since hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is known to possess potential oncogenic activity, we explored whether oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) could efficiently induce cytolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells stably expressing HCV core protein (Hep3B-Core). We found that Hep3B-Core cells were more susceptible to VSV as compared to control (Hep3B-Vec) cells owing to core-mediated inactivation of STAT1 and STAT2 proteins. Core expression induced lower phosphorylation levels of type I IFN signaling proteins such as Tyk2 and Jak1, and a reduced response to exogenous IFN-α, which resulted in susceptibility to VSV. Furthermore, as STAT1 acetylation by switching phosphorylation regulated its activity, the role of STAT1 acetylation in susceptibility of Hep3B-Core cells to VSV was investigated. Treatment with trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), increased STAT1 acetylation but blocked IFN-α-induced phosphorylation of STAT1, leading to increase of susceptibility to VSV. Interestingly, the core protein decreased HDCA4 transcript levels, leading to down-regulation of HDAC4 protein. However, ectopic expression of HDAC4 conversely enforced phosphorylation of STAT1 and hindered VSV replication, indicating that core-mediated reduction of HDAC4 provides a suitable intracellular circumstance for VSV replication. Collectively, we suggest that VSV treatment will be a useful therapeutic strategy for HCV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma cells because HCV core protein suppresses the anti-viral threshold by down-regulation of the STAT1-HDAC4 signaling axis.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Hepatite C/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Terapia Viral Oncolítica/métodos , Vírus Oncolíticos/fisiologia , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Vesiculovirus/fisiologia , Proteínas do Core Viral/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação para Baixo , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento , Estomatite Vesicular/virologiaRESUMO
Although antiviral prophylaxis is essential in hepatitis B patients in the context of cancer chemotherapy, there is little evidence-based consensus regarding the appropriate prevention strategy depending on the underlying type of cancer and viral status. This retrospective study included a comprehensive cohort of 302 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients with various cancers undergoing chemotherapy and antiviral prophylaxis. The rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during antiviral therapy (>1 log10 IU/mL increase or positive conversion of serum HBV DNA) and relapse when off antivirals ([re]appearance of HBV DNA >2,000 IU/ml with related alanine aminotransferase elevation) were evaluated, together with the associated risk factors, in a competing risks analysis where cancer death was considered as the competing event. During antiviral prophylaxis, HBV was reactivated in six patients (1.9%), who had leukemia (n = 4) or lymphoma (n = 2) and were treated with lamivudine (n = 4) or entecavir (n = 2). The incidence rate of HBV relapse in 127 off-prophylaxis patients was 21.3% during a median post-antiviral period of 11.7 months. Lymphoma, pre-prophylactic HBV DNA ≥2,000 IU/ml, and age ≥50 years were independent predictors of off-treatment HBV relapse (adjusted hazard ratios 5.25, 3.07, and 0.34, respectively; Ps < 0.05). Antiviral and anticancer drugs, duration of consolidation on antiviral prophylaxis, and HBeAg positivity were not independent predictors. In conclusion, hepatitis B flare-ups are not rare in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy during and after anti-HBV prophylaxis, even when potent antivirals are used. Patients with hematopoietic or lymphoid neoplasms or high viral burdens should receive prolonged and powerful HBV prophylaxis. J. Med. Virol. 88:1576-1586, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepatite B Crônica/virologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , DNA Viral/sangue , Feminino , Guanina/administração & dosagem , Guanina/análogos & derivados , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Humanos , Lamivudina/uso terapêutico , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Carga Viral , Ativação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: We investigated potential aetiologies, clinical characteristics and prognosis of non-B non-C (NBNC) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic area, according to potential causes such as previous HBV exposure, chronic alcohol intake and metabolic syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Among 4690 HCC patients treated at Asan Medical Center between 2007 and 2009, 523 were newly diagnosed with NBNC HCC, and their medical records and survival data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among 321 NBNC HCC patients whose hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) test results were available, 81.0%, 37.1% and 15.5% had anti-HBc positivity, chronic alcohol intake and metabolic syndrome respectively. One-hundred and fifty-two patients (47.4%) had previous exposure to HBV without chronic alcohol intake or metabolic syndrome. Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) was positive in 48.0% of the 523 NBNC HCC patients, which was much lower than that in general Korean population, and 52.3% of anti-HBc-positive NBNC HCC patients were negative for anti-HBs. Anti-HBc-negative alcoholic patients presented with more advanced cirrhosis with Child-Pugh class B/C liver function than anti-HBc-positive patients (P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, baseline liver function, alpha-foetoprotein levels and tumour stage were significant prognostic factors and aetiology did not affect patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: Prior HBV infection could be a potential aetiology in over 40% of NBNC HCC patients in HBV endemic area. Positivity for anti-HBc and negativity for anti-HBs may be a serologic surrogate marker for occult HBV infection in these area. The prognosis of NBNC HCC was determined by tumour stage and underlying liver function.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/complicações , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Feminino , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite B , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , República da Coreia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is conflict regarding the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of silent CAD in comparison with the general population, and to identify the relevant risk factors in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: This retrospective study included 1045 prospectively registered consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis without any history of chest pain or CAD, who underwent computerized coronary angiography as a pretransplant workup. These were matched with 6283 controls with healthy livers, based on propensity scores according to established cardiovascular risk factors. Obstructive CAD was defined as ≥50% luminal narrowing in any artery. A matched analysis of 853 pairs showed that the proportion of subjects with obstructive CAD did not differ significantly between the cirrhotic and control groups (7.2% versus 7.9%, P=0.646), in agreement with the outcome of multivariate analysis for its predictors, with an adjusted odds ratio for liver cirrhosis of 1.06 (P=0.690). Nonobstructive CAD was more prevalent in the matched cirrhotic cases (30.6% versus 23.4%, P=0.001). In the pooled cirrhotic cohort, older age, male sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and alcoholic cirrhosis were independently associated with obstructive CAD (adjusted odds ratios, 1.07, 2.74, 1.69, 2.37, and 2.17, respectively; P<0.05 for all), whereas liver function and coagulation parameters were not. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic cirrhotic patients and nonhepatic subjects are similar in terms of the prevalence of occult obstructive CAD. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors are related to critical coronary stenosis in cirrhotic patients, and thus may be helpful indicators for more careful preoperative evaluation of coronary risk.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Assintomáticas/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Angiografia Coronária , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This phase II, investigator-initiated, prospective single-arm multinational study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT00990860) evaluated sorafenib in combination with doxorubicin-based transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with intermediate-stage, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with histologically or clinically diagnosed HCC received TACE with interrupted dosing of sorafenib (sorafenib discontinued for 3 days before and 4-7 days after TACE). TACE/sorafenib cycles were repeated every 6-8 weeks. Primary and secondary objectives were, respectively: to evaluate the safety and tolerability of TACE combined with sorafenib, and also their efficacy. The full analysis set comprised 192 patients (mean age 56.1 years). Most were male (87.0%), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 0 (81.8%), Child-Pugh A (91.8%) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B (81.5%); 81.2% had chronic hepatitis B. Combined TACE/sorafenib was well tolerated, with only 8.1% of patients discontinuing owing to adverse events (AEs). The most common grade ≥3 AEs were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (15.1%) and decreased platelet count (10.9%). Serious AEs (SAEs) occurred in 52 patients during the study; however, only four were considered related to sorafenib. A mean of 2.7 TACE cycles were administered and 52.6% of patients achieved complete response in target lesions; 16.8% achieved partial response, and 5.8% had progression of disease as their best response, evaluated by modified RECIST. Median progression-free survival and time to progression were 384 and 415 days, respectively, and the estimated 3-year overall survival was 86.1%. This study suggests that the combination of TACE and sorafenib is well tolerated and efficacious; the interrupted sorafenib dosing schedule may have contributed to a considerably lower AE profile than observed in other combination trials.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Compostos de Fenilureia/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Niacinamida/efeitos adversos , Niacinamida/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Fenilureia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , SorafenibeRESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prototype of hypervascular tumors, is one of the most common malignancies in the world, especially hyperendemic in the Far East where chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly prevalent. It is characterized by the clinical feature of a poor prognosis or a high mortality due to its already far advanced stages at diagnosis. It is so multifactorial that hepatocarcinogenesis cannot be explained by a single molecular mechanism. To date, a number of pathways have been known to contribute to the development, growth, angiogenesis, and even metastasis of HCC. Among the various factors, metastatic tumor antigens (MTAs) or metastasis-associated proteins have been vigorously investigated as an intriguing target in the field of hepatocarcinogenesis. According to recent studies including ours, MTAs are not only involved in the HCC development and growth (molecular carcinogenesis), but also closely associated with the post-operative recurrence and a poor prognosis or a worse response to post-operative anti-cancer therapy (clinical significance). Herein, we review MTAs in light of their essential structure, functions, and molecular mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis. We will also focus in detail on the interaction between hepatitis B x protein (HBx) of HBV and MTA in order to clarify the HBV-associated HCC development. Finally, we will discuss the prognostic significance and clinical application of MTA in HCC. We believe that this review will help clinicians to understand the meaning and use of the detection of MTA in order to more effectively manage their HCC patients.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Histona Desacetilases/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Prognóstico , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicações , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virologia , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite B/virologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/patogenicidade , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virologia , Medicina de Precisão , Transativadores/genética , Proteínas Virais Reguladoras e AcessóriasRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: We investigated the optimal radiologic method for measuring hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in order to assess suitability for liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: 271 HCC patients undergoing TACE prior to LT were classified according to both Milan and up-to-seven criteria after TACE by using the enhancement or size method on computed tomography images. The cumulative incidence function curves with competing risks regression was used in post-LT time-to-recurrence analysis. The predictive accuracy for recurrence was compared using area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) estimation. RESULTS: Of the 271 patients, 246 (90.8%) and 164 (60.5%) fell within Milan and 252 (93.0%) and 210 (77.5%) fell within up-to-seven criteria, when assessed by enhancement and size methods, respectively. Competing risks regression analyses adjusting for covariates indicated that meeting the criteria by enhancement and by size methods was independently related to post-LT time-to-recurrence in the Milan or up-to-seven model. Higher AUC values were observed with the size method only in the up-to-seven model (p<0.05). Mean differences in the sum of tumor diameter and number of tumors between pathologic and radiologic findings were significantly less by the enhancement method (p<0.05). Cumulative incidence curves showed similar recurrence results between patients with and without prior TACE within the criteria based on either method, except for the within up-to-seven by the enhancement method (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The enhancement method is a reliable tool for assessing the control or downstaging of HCC within Milan after TACE, although the size method may be preferable when applying the up-to-seven criterion.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Definição da Elegibilidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Transplante de Fígado , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Área Sob a Curva , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodos , Definição da Elegibilidade/métodos , Definição da Elegibilidade/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Seleção de Pacientes , Prognóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco/métodos , Medição de Risco/normas , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/estatística & dados numéricos , Carga TumoralRESUMO
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF), a novel oncogene, plays a crucial role in the development of pancreatic cancer, including its metastasis and proliferation. Therefore, PAUF-expressing pancreatic cancer cells could be important targets for oncolytic virus-mediated treatment. Panc-1 cells expressing PAUF (Panc-PAUF) showed relative resistance to parvovirus H-1 infection compared with Panc-1 cells expressing an empty vector (Panc-Vec). Of interest, expression of type I IFN-α receptor (IFNAR) was higher in Panc-PAUF cells than in Panc-Vec cells. Increased expression of IFNAR in turn increased the activation of Stat1 and Tyk2 in Panc-PAUF cells compared with that in Panc-Vec cells. Suppression of Tyk2 and Stat1, which are important downstream molecules for IFN-α signaling, sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to parvovirus H-1-mediated apoptosis. Further, constitutive suppression of PAUF sensitized Bxpc3 pancreatic cancer cells to parvovirus H-1 infection. Taken together, these results suggested that PAUF conferred resistance to pancreatic cancer cells against oncolytic parvovirus H-1 infection through IFNAR-mediated signaling.
Assuntos
Parvovirus H-1 , Lectinas/metabolismo , Terapia Viral Oncolítica , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta/metabolismo , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Lectinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Lectinas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/metabolismo , Infecções por Parvoviridae/patologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT1/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Transcrição STAT1/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT1/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , TYK2 Quinase/antagonistas & inibidores , TYK2 Quinase/genética , TYK2 Quinase/metabolismoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Our goal was to determine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of telomere maintenance genes influence the development and clinical outcomes of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated 20 SNPs of five telomere maintenance genes in 702 patients with HCC and 351 hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive controls without HCC. Significant SNPs were then validated in an independent cohort of 857 HCC patients and 429 controls. We assessed the association of each SNP with the development of HCC and overall survival through a multivariate Cox proportional analysis. A significantly increased risk of HCC development was identified for the telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1) rs1713449 SNP in both the discovery and replication phases (combined odds ratio = 1.42, P = 9.378 × 10(-5) ). In addition, the TEP1 rs1713449, TEP1 rs872072, protection of telomeres 1 homolog rs7784168, telomerase reverse transcriptase rs13167280, and telomeric repeat binding factor 1 rs2306494 SNPs had a significant effect on the overall survival, and a similar survival effect was validated in the replication cohort. Moreover, there was a significant dose-dependent association between the number of putatively high-risk genotypes of the five aforementioned SNPs and overall survival. The median survival time was significantly prolonged for patients with HCC with two or fewer putatively high-risk genotypes versus those with three or more high-risk genotypes (85 versus 44 months, log-rank P = 4.483 × 10(-5) ), and this was demonstrated in the replication cohort (52 versus 37 months, log-rank P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that the SNPs of telomere maintenance genes play a potential role in the development of HCC and the survival of HCC patients with chronic HBV infections.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Hepatite B Crônica/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Telômero , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA , Complexo Shelterina , Proteínas de Ligação a Telômeros/genéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization with and without radiation therapy (RT) versus sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective study involved 557 patients with HCC with PVTT who initially received chemoembolization (1997-2002; n = 295), chemoembolization and RT (2003-2008; n = 196), or sorafenib (2009-2012; n = 66) according to eligibility criteria among an initial population of 617. The three groups were divided into three pairs (chemoembolization vs chemoembolization/RT, chemoembolization vs sorafenib, and chemoembolization/RT vs sorafenib), and time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were compared by propensity-score analyses. RESULTS: The chemoembolization/RT group had longer median TTP and OS than the chemoembolization-alone and sorafenib groups (P < .001). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that chemoembolization/RT treatment was an independent predictor of favorable TTP and OS. In the matched cohort, median TTP and OS were significantly longer in the chemoembolization/RT group than the chemoembolization-alone group (102 pairs; TTP, 8.7 mo vs 3.6 mo [P < .001]; OS, 11.4 mo vs 7.4 mo [P = .023]) or the sorafenib group (30 pairs; TTP, 5.1 mo vs 1.6 mo [P < .001]; OS, 8.2 mo vs 3.2 mo [P < .001]), in agreement with the inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) outcomes. In matching analyses, the chemoembolization-alone group had longer median TTP and OS than the sorafenib group (46 pairs; TTP, 3.4 mo vs 1.8 mo [P < .001]; OS, 5.9 mo vs 4.4 mo [P = .003]). There was no significant difference in terms of OS with the IPTW approach (P = .108), but there was one in terms of TTP (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitation of a retrospective study, the present data indicate that transarterial chemoembolization combined with RT could be considered as an alternative to the standard sorafenib in the treatment of patients with advanced-stage HCC with PVTT.