RESUMO
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 has been recently characterized as a potent metabolic regulator. Systemic administration of FGF-21 reduced plasma glucose and triglycerides to near normal levels in genetically compromised diabetic rodents. Importantly, these effects were durable and did not come at the expense of weight gain, hypoglycemia, or mitogenicity. To explore the therapeutic properties of FGF-21 in a nongenetically modified primate species, and thus demonstrate the potential for efficacy in humans, we evaluated its bioactivity in diabetic nonhuman primates. When administered daily for 6 wk to diabetic rhesus monkeys, FGF-21 caused a dramatic decline in fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, triglycerides, insulin, and glucagon. Of significant importance in regard to safety, hypoglycemia was not observed at any point during the study. FGF-21 administration also led to significant improvements in lipoprotein profiles, including lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and raising of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, beneficial changes in the circulating levels of several cardiovascular risk markers/factors, and the induction of a small but significant weight loss. These data support the development of FGF-21 for the treatment of diabetes and other metabolic diseases.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/farmacocinética , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/farmacologia , Humanos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Camundongos Mutantes , Obesidade/complicações , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacocinética , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
A series of potent amide linked PPARgamma/delta dual agonists (1a) has been discovered through rational design. In the ZDF rat model of type 2 diabetes, compound (R)-3-[4-(3-{1-[(5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-indole-2-carbonyl)-amino]-ethyl}-5-fluoro-phenoxy)-2-ethyl-phenyl]-propionic acid (42) from this series has demonstrated glucose lowering efficacy comparable to the marketed PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone with less weight gain.