A diagnostic challenge: dilated pupil.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dilated pupil is a diagnostic challenge encountered by neurologists and ophthalmologists. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current data and guidelines concerning dilated pupils. RECENT FINDINGS: The majority of recent reports on dilated pupils are indicative of several medical conditions that require evaluation. The topical synthetic parasympatholytic agents; local contamination of antihistamines with their antimuscarinic effects; atropine, scopolamine, and tropane alkaloids in all species of Datura plants may produce mydriasis. SUMMARY: The causes of pupillary dilatation can be unilateral, bilateral, and transient. The clinical approach to dilated pupils requires stepwise evaluation, and based on the findings, unnecessary and costly procedures can be avoided.

A case of central nervous system infection due to a novel Sandfly Fever Virus (SFV) variant: Sandfly Fever Turkey Virus (SFTV).

We present a case of viral encephalitis due to Sandfly Fever Turkey Virus (SFTV), a novel phlebovirus genetically related to but distinct from Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus (SFSV), recently identified in a 63-year-old female, via consensus PCR and sequencing. SFTV was initially characterized in 2010 in samples from outbreaks of febrile diseases occurred during 2007-2008 and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an SFTV-related central nervous system (CNS) infection.