Programmes to manage food selectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by impaired social communication and restricted interests/repetitive behaviours. In this regard, sensory processing difficulties and delayed oral motor skills often predispose individuals with ASD to food selectivity (FS). It is usually associated with repetitive eating patterns that can lead to multiple malnutrition conditions. The objective of this narrative review is to present an overview about the existing nutritional interventions aiming at promoting a healthy eating pattern and addressing food selectivity among individuals with ASD. Regarding the interventions targeting nutrition education, the majority of the analysed studies failed to demonstrate their effectiveness. On the other hand, many educational interventions involving taste or cooking sessions, as well as behavioural interventions for FS, demonstrated effective results. Moreover, multidisciplinary in tailoring such programmes, including psychology speech therapy and nutritional skills, is acknowledged as a key approach.

An overview of the nutritional status of childbearing age women, children and adolescents living in a rural area of Madagascar: preliminary results of the Tany Vao project.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the food consumption, nutrition knowledge and nutritional assessment of childbearing age women and their children, living in rural villages in Madagascar. The results presented are related to the Tany Vao research study. DESIGN: A cross-sectional pilot study. SETTING: The study was carried out in Ampanitosoha village on Nosy Mitsio island in Madagascar. PARTICIPANTS: 32 women (14-49 years) and 36 children and adolescents (2-17 years). RESULTS: 70 % of the women lacked nutrition knowledge and did not reach the Minimum Dietary Diversity Index for Women cut-off. The median BMI was 21·1 kg/m2 but 55·2 % of the women exceeded the cut-off for waist-to-hip ratio, 51·7 % for waist-to-height ratio and 81·2 % for mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Almost all had adequate intake of energy, protein and carbohydrates, while 27·6 % had excessive fat intake and 75·9 % of added sugars. Over half of the women did not meet the micronutrients Reference Daily Intake (RDI). For children, the MUAC z-score was lower for boys than for girls (P-value = 0·041). CONCLUSIONS: These results underline the importance of increasing women's nutritional knowledge to promote healthy pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, it is fundamental to provide people living in rural areas with sustainable tools to improve dietary diversity and support long-term health.

Unveiling the Cutting-Edge Impact of Polarized Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and MiRNA Signatures on TGF-ß Regulation within Lung Fibroblasts.

Depending on local cues, macrophages can polarize into classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes. This study investigates the impact of polarized macrophage-derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) (M1 and M2) and their cargo of miRNA-19a-3p and miRNA-425-5p on TGF-ß production in lung fibroblasts. EVs were isolated from supernatants of M0, M1, and M2 macrophages and quantified using nanoscale flow cytometry prior to fibroblast stimulation. The concentration of TGF-ß in fibroblast supernatants was measured using ELISA assays. The expression levels of miRNA-19a-3p and miRNA-425-5p were assessed via TaqMan-qPCR. TGF-ß production after stimulation with M0-derived EVs and with M1-derived EVs increased significantly compared to untreated fibroblasts. miRNA-425-5p, but not miRNA-19a-3p, was significantly upregulated in M2-derived EVs compared to M0- and M1-derived EVs. This study demonstrates that EVs derived from both M0 and M1 polarized macrophages induce the production of TGF-ß in fibroblasts, with potential regulation by miRNA-425-5p.

Outcomes of postnatal systemic corticosteroids administration in ventilated preterm newborns: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Prolonged mechanical ventilation, commonly used to assist preterm newborns, increases the risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In recent decades, studies have demonstrated that systemic corticosteroids play a significant role in the prevention and management of BPD. In this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we evaluated the association between the administration of systemic corticosteroids in preterm infants and its long-term outcomes, such as neurodevelopment, growth, extubation rate, and related adverse effects. Methods: We conducted an electronic search in Medline, Scopus, and PubMed using the following terms: "premature infants" and "corticosteroids." We considered all RCTs published up to June 2023 as eligible. We included all studies involving preterm newborns treated with systemic corticosteroids and excluded studies on inhaled corticosteroids. Results: A total of 39 RCTs were evaluated. The influence of steroids administered systemically during the neonatal period on long-term neurological outcomes remains unknown, with no influence observed for long-term growth. The postnatal administration of systemic corticosteroids has been found to reduce the timing of extubation and improve respiratory outcomes. Dexamethasone appears to be more effective than hydrocortisone, despite causing a higher rate of systemic hypertension and hyperglycemia. However, in the majority of RCTs analyzed, there were no differences in the adverse effects related to postnatal corticosteroid administration. Conclusion: Dexamethasone administered during the neonatal period appears to be more effective than hydrocortisone in terms of respiratory outcomes; however, caution should be taken when administering dexamethasone. Data derived from current evidence, including meta-analyses, are inconclusive on the long-term effects of the administration of systemic steroids in preterm infants or the possibility of neurodevelopmental consequences.

Rethinking food policy framework to tackle childhood obesity in the Italian context.

Pediatric obesity has been described by the World Health Organization as 1 of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Projections of increasing burdens of pediatric obesity and its related diseases on society highlight the need for urgent and substantial action. Many scientific and public debates about the prevention of childhood obesity are centered around simple dichotomies presenting a single-level solution. In contrast, efficient prevention programs should overcome these overly simplistic dichotomies and proceed in the early years of life within the family environment and the whole society, throughout one's lifetime. Food policies have the potential to counteract pediatric obesity by creating healthy food environments. However, the current food policies approach lacks monitoring indicators to assess short- and long-term impact, and is not well integrated into regional, national, and cross-cutting initiatives. Therefore, redesigning and rethinking food policy strategies and goals is an important opportunity to address childhood obesity, safeguard the planet, and contribute to economic and social prosperity.

SARS-CoV-2-specific mucosal immune response in vaccinated versus infected children.

The anti-COVID-19 intramuscular vaccination induces a strong systemic but a weak mucosal immune response in adults. Little is known about the mucosal immune response in children infected or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. We found that 28% of children had detectable salivary IgA against SARS-CoV-2 even before vaccination, suggesting that, in children, SARS-CoV-2 infection may be undiagnosed. After vaccination, only receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgA1 significantly increased in the saliva. Conversely, infected children had significantly higher salivary RBD-IgA2 compared to IgA1, indicating that infection more than vaccination induces a specific mucosal immune response in children. Future efforts should focus on development of vaccine technologies that also activate mucosal immunity.

Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 expression and its regulation in relation to inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: The family of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) acts as a controller of the duration and intensity of cytokine function by negatively regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. SOCS' role in inflammatory diseases in animal models is well demonstrated. However, its role in the development of human disease is still under investigation. SOCS3 plays an important role in tumor development where its downregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various solid tumors such as triple-negative breast cancer. Aim: The aim of this work was to study (1) the expression of SOCS3 in smokers' lungs and its relation to the degree of inflammation and (2) SOCS3 regulation by microRNA (miRNA) in alveolar-macrophage (AM)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Methods: Group A: 35 smokers' [19 with COPD (SC) and 16 without COPD (S)] and 9 nonsmokers (NS); SOCS3, TNFα in AM, and CD8+ T cells were quantified by immunohistochemistry, in lung tissue. Group B: additional 9 SC, 11 S, and 5 NS; AM-EVs expressing SOCS3 (CD14+SOCS3+) and SOCS3 suppressors miRNA-19a-3p and 221-3p in EVs were quantified by flow cytometry and PCR, in BAL. Results: The percentage of SOCS3+ AM was higher in SC [68 (6.6-99)%] and S [48 (8-100)%] than in NS [9.6 (1.9-61)%; p = 0.002; p = 0.03] and correlated with % of TNFα+AM (r = 0.48; p = 0.0009) and CD8+ T cells (r = 0.44; p = 0.0029). In BAL, the CD14+SOCS3+ EVs/µL were increased in SC [33 (21-74)] compared to S [16 (8-37); p = 0.03] and NS [9 (7-21); p = 0.003]. Conversely, miRNA-19a-3p and miRNA-221-3p expression were increased in S when compared to SC [19 (2-53) vs. 3 (0.6-8); p = 0.03 and 3 (0.005-9.6) vs. 0.2 (0.08-0.7); p = 0.05]. Conclusions: The suppressor function of SOCS3 in COPD seems to be overridden by other factors and does not follow the animal-model paradigm. Expression of SOCS3 in BAL macrophage-derived EVs might be useful to assess the degree of inflammation and possible progression of COPD. Downregulation of SOCS3, by miRNA, in smokers without COPD might contribute to the risk of developing cancer in these patients.

Rectus sheath block added to parasternal block may improve postoperative pain control and respiratory performance after cardiac surgery: a superiority single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The population undergoing cardiac surgery confronts challenges from uncontrolled post-sternotomy pain, with possible adverse effects on outcome. While the parasternal block can improve analgesia, its coverage may be insufficient to cover epigastric area. In this non-blinded randomized controlled study, we evaluated the analgesic and respiratory effect of adding a rectus sheath block to a parasternal block. METHODS: 58 patients undergoing cardiac surgery via median sternotomy were randomly assigned to receive parasternal block with rectus sheath block (experimental) or parasternal block with epigastric exit sites of chest drains receiving surgical infiltration of local anesthetic (control). The primary outcome of this study was pain at rest at extubation. We also assessed pain scores at rest and during respiratory exercises, opiate consumption and respiratory performance during the first 24 hours after extubation. RESULTS: The median (IQR) maximum pain scores (on a 0-10 Numeric Rate Scale (NRS)) at extubation were 4 (4, 4) in the rectus sheath group and 5 (4, 5) in the control group (difference 1, p value=0.03). Rectus sheath block reduced opioid utilization by 2 mg over 24 hours (IC 95% 0.0 to 2.0; p<0.01), reduced NRS scores at other time points, and improved respiratory performance at 6, 12, and 24 hours after extubation. CONCLUSION: The addition of a rectus sheath block with a parasternal block improves analgesia for cardiac surgery requiring chest drains emerging in the epigastric area. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05764616.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis Before and After COVID-19 Pandemic: Has the Immunity Debt Been Paid Off?

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to hypothesize that the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the characteristics of viral bronchiolitis by comparing the last 3 epidemics with 3 pre-COVID-19 epidemics in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 637 consecutive infants (median age 3.0 ± 2.1 months, 58.5% males), hospitalized for bronchiolitis during 6 consecutive annual epidemic seasons from 2017 to 2023. All parents of the children were given a structured anamnestic questionnaire. A nasopharyngeal aspirate was tested for 15 respiratory viruses. As measures of severity, we evaluated the O 2 supplementation and the admission at the pediatric intensive care unit. RESULTS: A total of 166 were hospitalized with bronchiolitis in 2017-2018, 97 in 2018-2019, 69 in 2019-2020, 0 in 2020-2021, 129 in 2021-2022 and 176 in 2022-2023. Taking together the 332 bronchiolitis cases hospitalized during the 3 prepandemic seasons, they peaked between December and January; after the flat curve in 2020-2021, the cases of bronchiolitis peaked in November 2021 and in December 2022. While the 2021-2022 season registered a less severe clinical presentation, O 2 supplementation and pediatric intensive care unit admissions increased in 2022-2023 with respect to the prepandemic seasons ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study represents an important scientific demonstration of the impact of primary prevention measures on the epidemiology of viral infections; their fluctuations were related to the intensity of restrictive measures and to the changing trend of respiratory viruses. It is essential to predict the real temporal trend of bronchiolitis not to leave high-risk children uncovered and to guide hospitals to maintain a high level of readiness.

Sharenting: characteristics and awareness of parents publishing sensitive content of their children on online platforms.

BACKGROUND: The term "sharenting" describes the increasingly popular habit of parents to share photos, videos, or other information regarding their children on their social profiles, through online platforms. It is highly likely that many parents are posting content about their underage children online with little knowledge of the risks associated with this practice. This study aims to investigate whether variables such as parents' age, gender, marital status, occupation and educational level influence the practice of sharing child-related content and the degree of awareness. METHODS: We performed a pilot cross-sectional study, based on an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to parents of underage children attending the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, in Rome, Italy, by researchers, through the google forms platform; qualitative variables were generated on excel sheets and a statistical analysis was performed on SPSS Ibm-statistics using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-eight parents of children under 18 years of age completed the questionnaire (82% mothers, 18% fathers); 98% of the respondents used social media and 75% of them published their children's related content online. Thirty-one percent of the compilers started their practice of sharenting in the first 6 months of life of their child. Our analysis showed that compared to parents who do not post online, parents who usually post online their children are significantly more likely to be partial employees or unemployed (p = 0,002), with lower educational level (p = 0,05), younger (less than 35 years of age (p = 0,01)) and have a higher number of followers (p < 0,001). Finally, 93% of the compilers were not aware of the current legislation and of the risks related to the practice of sharenting. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians, healthcare assistants and preventive healthcare professionals should play a central role in alerting parents and families to the risks of sharenting; the results of our study could draw their attention to the increasing practice of sharenting and make healthcare professionals active part in the protection of children.

An overview on viral interference during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Respiratory viruses represent the most frequent cause of mortality, morbidity and high healthcare costs for emergency visits and hospitalization in the pediatric age. Respiratory viruses can circulate simultaneously and can potentially infect the same host, determining different types of interactions, the so-called viral interference. The role of viral interference has assumed great importance since December 2019, when the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came on the scene. The aim of this narrative review is to present our perspective regarding research in respiratory virus interference and discuss recent advances on the topic because, following SARS-CoV-2 restrictions mitigation, we are experimenting the co-circulation of respiratory viruses along with SARS-CoV-2. This scenario is raising many concerns about possible virus-virus interactions, both positive and negative, and the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic management of these coinfections. Moreover, we cannot rule out that also climatic conditions and social behaviours are involved. Thus, this situation can lead to different population epidemic dynamics, including changes in the age of the targeted population, disease course and severity, highlighting the need for prospective epidemiologic studies and mathematical modelling able to predict the timing and magnitude of epidemics caused by SARS-CoV-2/seasonal respiratory virus interactions in order to adjust better public health interventions.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and collective catering service: results of the pilot study FOOD-AUT.

Objective: Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often exhibit a low dietary diversity due to food selectivity that leads them to a marked preference for high-energy-density food, exposing them to risk of malnutrition. Despite these aspects, specific recommendations and targeted menus for this population are missing. The pilot study FOOD-AUT addresses this issue by developing canteen menus meeting the nutritional and sensory needs of adults with ASD, aiming to reduce their food selectivity, and consequently improving their health. Methods: The project, funded by Gruppo Pellegrini S.p.A, was conducted at the daycare service of Sacra Famiglia Onlus Foundation, between March-2022 to March-2023. The study was divided into two phases. Observational phase: a comparison was made between the enrolled subjects' nutritional needs and the nutrient content of the administered menus during the daycare service. Then mealtime compliance was assessed using standardized meal evaluation forms, both quantitative and qualitative. Intervention phase: canteen menus targeted to the individuals' nutritional and sensory needs were administered and their acceptability was evaluated. Results: Twenty-two individuals with ASD, aged 19-48, 72.7% males, were enrolled. Overweight and obesity prevalence were 54.5 and 18.2%, respectively. The observational phase showed how the most accepted foods had specific sensorial characteristics in line with the scientific literature. Adapting the menus improved food acceptance and reduced food waste. Conclusion: The results highlighted the need for adapted menus and greater attention to the way meals are delivered and consumed to improve nutritional status and therefore health of this population at increased risk of malnutrition. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, unique identifier: NCT05978895.

Bruxismo de la vigilia

El bruxismo del sueño ha sido extensamente estudiado en las últimas décadas pero aún persiste una considerable controversia científica en relación al bruxismo de la vigilia. El presente trabajo de revisión se focalizó en este tema, incluyendo 45 artículos publicados entre los años 2011 al año 2020. Los consensos internacionales plantean avances en nuevas clasificaciones diagnósticas, que contemplan herramientas como cuestionarios, examen clínico, electromiografía, polisomnografía, evaluación ecológica momentánea y métodos de muestreo de experiencias. Se considera al bruxismo de la vigilia un problema comportamental, pasible de ser tratado mediante terapias comportamentales que lo controlen. La evaluación ecológica momentánea permite capturar información comportamental en tiempo real y se presenta como una herramienta valiosa para el diagnóstico y evaluación del bruxismo de la vigilia. A pesar de numerosos avances presentados en esta revisión, aún se requieren estudios que exploren esta área del conocimiento, especialmente en los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y los posibles tratamientos.

O bruxismo do sono tem sido amplamente estudado nas últimas décadas, mas ainda persiste considerável controvérsia científica em relação ao bruxismo de vigília. O presente trabalho de revisão focou nesse tema, incluindo 45 artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2020. Consensos internacionais propõem avanços em novas classificações diagnósticas, que incluem ferramentas como questionários, exame clínico, eletromiografia, polissonografia, avaliação ecológica momentânea e métodos de amostragem de experiência. O bruxismo de vigília é considerado um problema comportamental, que pode ser tratado por terapias comportamentais que o controlam. A avaliação ecológica momentânea permite capturar informações comportamentais em tempo real e se apresenta como uma ferramenta valiosa para o diagnóstico e avaliação do bruxismo em vigília. Apesar dos inúmeros avanços apresentados nesta revisão, ainda são necessários estudos para explorar essa área do conhecimento, principalmente nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos e possíveis tratamentos.

Infecção do trato urinário associada ao cateter: fatores associados e mortalidade / Catheter-related urinary tract infection: associated factors and mortality

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de Infecção do Trato Urinária Associada ao Cateter (ITU-AC) e mortalidade entre pacientes com cateter urinário. Metodologia: Estudo de coorte, prospectivo, com amostragem por conveniência envolvendo 790 pacientes com idade superior a 12 anos, em uso de cateter durante hospitalização. Os dados coletados do prontuário e fichas de notificação de infecção hospitalar foram analisados pelo programa SPSS. Resultados: Contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da ITU-AC a permanência com o cateter urinário por período >20 dias (OR 26,5; p<0,001), ser cateterizado mais de uma vez (OR 8,92; p<0,001) e hospitalização >30 dias (OR 26,8; p<0,001). Pacientes que desenvolveram ITU-AC apresentaram chance maior de mortalidade (OR 2,7; p<0,001). Conclusão:Frequência da inserção do dispositivo urinário, períodos prolongados de hospitalização e de permanência com o cateter contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de ITU-AC, e as chances de mortalidade foram aumentadas entre pacientes com essa infecção. (AU)

Objective: To identify factors associated with the development of Catheter-related Urinary Tract Infection (CR-UTI) and mortality among patients using urinary catheter. Methodology: Prospective cohort study in a convenience sample of 790 patients older than 12 years using catheter during hospitalization.[A1] The data collected from medical records and hospital infection notification were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: Permanence with the urinary catheter >20 days (OR 26.5; p<0.001), being catheterized more than once (OR 8.92; p<0.001) and hospitalization >30 days (OR 26.8; p<0.001) contributed to the development of CR-UTI. Patients who developed CR-UTI presented a greater chance of mortality (OR 2.7; p<0.001). Conclusion: Frequency of urinary device insertion, prolonged periods of hospitalization and of permanence with the catheter contributed to the development of CR-UTI, and the chances of mortality were increased among patients with this infection. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados con el desarrollo de Infección del Tracto Urinario Asociada con el Catéter (ITU-AC) y la mortalidad entre los pacientes que usan catéter urinario. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte, prospectivo con una muestra de conveniencia de 790 pacientes mayores de 12 años, que usan catéter durante su hospitalización. Los datos recopilados de los registros médicos y los formularios de notificación de infección nosocomial fueron analizados por el programa SPSS. Resultados: Contribuyendo al desarrollo de la (ITU-AC) la permanencia con el catéter urinario por un plazo >20 días (OR 26,5; p <0,001), tener recibido catéter más de una vez (OR 8,92; p<0,001) y hospitalización >30 días (OR 26,8; p<0,001). Los pacientes que desarrollaron (ITU-AC) presentaron una mayor posibilidad de mortalidad (OR 2,7; p<0,001). Conclusión: Frecuencia de inserción del dispositivo urinario, períodos prolongados de hospitalización y de permanencia con el catéter contribuyeron al desarrollo de (ITU-AC), y las posibilidades de mortalidad aumentaron entre los pacientes con esta infección. (AU)

Observatório de Saúde na Mídia - Regional Espírito Santo: relato de uma experiência interdisciplinar em Saúde Coletiva / Observatories of Health in the Media ­ Espírito Santo Regional: an interdisciplinary experience report in Public Health

Introdução: O Observatório de Saúde na Mídia - Regional ES (OSMES) se configura como um espaço de contribuição para o campo da Comunicação e Saúde. Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência do OSM-ES com base nas atividades desenvolvidas pelos pesquisadores atuantes neste laboratório de pesquisa, no período de julho de 2016 a dezembro de 2017. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, com mapeamento de todas as atividades e pesquisas desenvolvidas no OSM-ES, no período selecionado. Resultados: Atuaram sete bolsistas, graduandos em jornalismo, nutrição e arquivologia, responsáveis pelas coletas de notícias, classificação e construção do banco de dados, e desenvolvimento de um software de mineração de dados. Totalizaram nove pesquisas, coletando matérias de diversos temas de saúde nos periódicos A Tribuna e A Gazeta, no que tange às seguintes temáticas: estresse; transtorno de ansiedade; febre amarela; Zika; Programa Mais Médicos; tragédia-crime do Rio Doce; diabetes; judicialização da saúde; H1N1 e dengue. Conclusão: As experiências no OSM-ES permitiram discutir desafios interdisciplinares e investiram na formação em pesquisa e extensão em Comunicação e Saúde de graduandos de diferentes cursos, proporcionando uma rica interlocução de saberes e produções polifônicas no campo. Além disso, permitiu o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de busca inovadora, a qual facilita o processo de coleta e classificação das matérias, fomentando o desenvolvimento tecnológico.(AU)

Introduction: The Observatories of Health in the Media - Espírito Santo regional (OSMES) is configured as a contribution arena for the area of Health Communication. Objective: To present the experience of the OSM-ES, based on activities developed by the researchers working in this research laboratory, from July 2016 to December 2017. Methods: A documented and bibliographical research was carried out, with the mapping of all the activities and researches developed in OSM-ES, during the selected period. Results: Seven student fellows, graduates in journalism, nutrition and archiving , responsible for collecting news, classification and construction of the database, and development of data mining software operated in the project. They carried out nine researches, collecting material from various health topics in the newspapers A Tribuna and A Gazeta, related to the themes: stress; anxiety disorder; yellow fever; Zika; Programa Mais Médicos; the Rio Doce tragedy-crime; diabetes; health demand for litigation; H1N1 and dengue. Conclusion: The experiences in the OSM-ES enabled the discussion of interdisciplinary challenges and invested in the in research training and extension of Health and Communication of different courses graduates, providing a rich interlocution of knowledge and polyphonic productions in the field. In addition, it allowed the development of an innovative search tool, which facilitates the collection and classification of articles, encouraging technological development.(AU)

Expresión diferencial de isoformas del factor inducible por hipoxia (hif-1αy hif-2 α) en bazo y médula ósea en un modelo murino / Differential expression of hypoxia inducible factor isoforms (hif-1α and hif-2 α) in spleen and bone marrow in a murine model

Los factores inducibles por hipoxia (HIFs) regulan la adaptación a la hipoxia (H) y protegen a las células induciendo la transcripción de múltiples genes. Se propone estudiar la expresión de las isoformas HIF1αy HIF2αen tejidos hematopoyéticos MO y Bz durante 15 días de Hipoxia Hipobárica (HH) relacionarlos con la cinética de expresión de EPO-R y factores determinantes de la eritropoyesis GATA-1 y NFE2. Se utilizaron ratones CF1, sometidos a HH 0,4 atm de 0 a 15 días. A cada tiempo, se extrajeron fémures y Bz para la obtención de extractos, fraccionamiento proteico e inmunoblotting. Se determinaron parámetros hematológicos standard. La apoptosis fue cuantificada por TUNEL. HIFαfue evaluado en sus dos isoformas. En MO y Bz el factor de transcripción aumenta y es mayor desde el día 1 de HH en Bz. Niveles máximos de HIF1αse verifican al día 3 en MO y a partir del día 5 en Bz. HIF2αen MO presenta expresión máxima al día 2 con posterior descenso, donde la MO retoma el control de la eritropoyesis. En Bz, HIF2 exhibe patrón irregular, conservando aumentos de su inmunodetección en función de la H. Epo-R se expresa desde día 1 en MO y Bz en un patrón similar de comportamiento a GATA-1. NFE2 tiene una cinética diferencial con progresión de ascenso en MO conforme aumentan los días de H observándose un máximo al día 15 mientras que el Bz muestra paulatino descenso en función de la adaptación medular a la H. Esto sugiere que en el Bz y MO se verifican procesos adaptativos coexistentes de expansión/sobrevivencia y apoptosis de progenitores eritroides. En Bz predomina una eritropoyesis compensatoria. En MO por el contrario predomina apoptosis temprana con posterior recomposición y control de la expansión del compartimiento eritroideo. HIF1 y HIF2 se sobreexpresan en ambos tejidos, sin embargo la eritropoyesis esplénica está ligada al control de HIF1αya que aparentemente HIF2αestaría asociada a la supervivencia de otros tipos celulares esplénicos durante el estrés hipóxicoPalabras clave: Hipoxia hipobárica; Factores Inducibles por Hipoxia; Eritropoyesis

Qualidades Psicométricas do Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para Adolescentes Brasileiros do Sexo Masculino / Psychometric qualities of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) for Brazilian Male Adolescents

RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou avaliar as qualidades psicométricas do Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para adolescentes brasileiros do sexo masculino. A amostra foi composta por 357 jovens, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos. Os resultados evidenciaram que 32,8% variância dos dados foram explicados por um único fator e o instrumento foi capaz de diferenciar seus escores em função do estado nutricional (p<0,05), além de correlacionar-se com as medidas de insatisfação corporal (rho=0,50). Confirmou sua consistência interna (α>0,88), não registrando diferença entre os escores (teste-reteste) (p<0,68) e apresentando o coeficiente de correlação intra-classe de 0,93. Concluiu-se que o EAT-26 comprovou suas qualidades psicométricas para o grupo estudado.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) for male Brazilian adolescents. The sample consisted of 357 young people, aged between 10 and 19 years. The results showed that 32.8% of the data variance was explained by a single factor and the instrument was able to differentiate their scores as a function of nutritional status (p<0.05), and correlate with measures of body dissatisfaction (rho=0.50). Confirmed its internal consistency (α>0.88), no difference between scores (test-retest) (p<0.68) and introducing the coefficient of intra-class correlation of 0.93. It was concluded that the EAT-26 demonstrated its psychometric qualities for the group studied.

Avaliação da equivalência semântica e consistência interna da Game Addiction Scale (GAS): versão em português / Evaluation of semantic equivalence and internal consistency of the Game Addiction Scale (GAS): Portuguese version

Objetivo Avaliar a equivalência semântica e a consistência interna da Game Addiction Scale (GAS): versão em português. Métodos O procedimento constituiu-se das seguintes etapas: a) revisão da literatura; b) tradução do instrumento original; c) retrotradução; d) revisão técnica e avaliação da compreensão verbal, realizada por profissionais da área da saúde; e) avaliação da compreensão verbal do instrumento, por uma amostra de estudantes; f) análise da consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach). Os participantes, com exceção dos especialistas, foram selecionados por conveniência. A participação dos sujeitos foi diferente em cada fase: tradutores (n = 2), retrotradução (n = 1), revisão técnica (n = 2), especialistas (n = 12), pré-teste com estudantes universitários (n = 40) e mensuração com estudantes universitários (n = 100). Resultados Poucas alterações semânticas de expressões e termos foram realizadas para adaptar-se à cultura-alvo. O nível de compreensão verbal dos participantes (especialistas e estudantes) foi superior a 90% e a análise do alfa de Cronbach correspondeu a 0,92 para todo o instrumento. Conclusão A Escala de Dependência de Jogos Eletrônicos (ESDEJE) foi submetida a tradução e adaptação para o idioma português (do Brasil), apresentando consistência interna adequada. Ademais, sugere-se a realização do processo de validação referente à equivalência de mensuração e reprodutibilidade do instrumento. .

Objective To evaluate the semantic equivalence and internal consistency of the Game Addiction Scale (GAS): Portuguese version. Methods The procedure consisted of the following steps: a) literature review; b) translation of the original instrument; c) back-translation; d) technical review and evaluation of verbal comprehension performed by health professionals; e) evaluation of verbal comprehension of the instrument by a sample of students; f) analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). The participants, with the exception of the experts, were selected by convenience. The participation of the subjects was different in each phase: translators (n = 2), back-translation (n = 1), technical review (n = 2), specialists (n = 12), pretest with college students (n = 40) and measurement with college students (n = 100). Results Few semantic changes of expressions and terms were made to adapt to the target culture. The level of verbal comprehension of the participants (students and experts) was greater than 90% and Cronbach’s alpha analysis corresponded to 0.92 for the whole instrument. Conclusion The Escala de Dependência de Jogos Eletrônicos (ESDEJE) was submitted to translation and adaptation to Portuguese (Brazil), showing adequate internal consistency. Further, we suggest the fulfillment of the validity process concerning the equivalence of measurement and the reproducibility of the instrument. .

Avaliação psicométrica do Questionário de Mudança Corporal para adolescentes / Psychometric evaluation of the Body Change Questionnaire for adolescents / Evaluación psicométrica del Cuestionario sobre Cambios Físicos para adolescentes

Resumo O estudo objetivou analisar a validade de construto, consistência interna e reprodutibilidade do Questionário de Mudança Corporal (QMC). Foram avaliados 439 meninas e meninos (13 a 22 anos). A validade de construto foi avaliada por meio da análise fatorial exploratória e correlações entre os escores do QMC, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e Escala de Silhuetas (ES). A confiabilidade foi acessada usando-se a consistência interna, e a reprodutibilidade pelo teste-reteste e pela correlação intraclasse. A escala apresentou estrutura fatorial composta por seis fatores, os quais representaram quase em sua totalidade as subescalas do instrumento. As correlações para a amostra total entre o QMC e as outras escalas variaram de 0,37 a 0,46. A consistência interna apresentou valores entre 0,78 e 0,96 para cada um dos fatores, e a correlação intraclasse foi condizente com uma boa reprodutibilidade. Os escores do teste-reteste não apresentaram diferenças significantes para a amostra total e entre os sexos. Conclui-se que o QMC apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas para os adolescentes brasileiros.

Abstract This study aimed to examine construct validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility of the Body Change Questionnaire (BCQ). A total of 439 female and male adolescents (13-22 years of age) were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and correlation between the scores of the BCQ and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Scale Silhouettes (SS). Reliability was assessed through internal consistency and reproducibility using test-retest and intra-class correlation. The scale presented a six-factor structure that almost entirely accounted for the instrument’s subscales. Correlations for the total sample between BCQ and scores of the other questionnaires ranged from 0.37 to 0.46. Internal consistency varied from 0.78 to 0.96 for each of the factors, and intra-class correlation was consistent with good reproducibility. The test-retest scores showed no statistically significant differences for the total sample or according to sex. The BCQ showed good psychometric qualities for Brazilian adolescents.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la validez de constructo, la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad del Cuestionario de Cambios Físicos (QMC por sus siglas en portugués). Se evaluaron a 439 niñas y niños (13-22 años). La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y las correlaciones entre las puntuaciones de la QMC, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) y la Escala Silhouettes (ES). La confiabilidad se consiguió por la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad test-retest y la correlación intra-clase. La escala tiene una estructura factorial compuesta por seis factores, que representaron casi en su totalidad las subescalas del instrumento. Las correlaciones de la muestra total entre QMC y las puntuaciones de los otros de cuestionarios oscilaron 0,37-0,46. La consistencia interna varió de 0,78 y 0,96 para cada uno de los factores y la correlación intraclase fue consistente con buena reproducibilidad. Las puntuaciones de test-retest mostraron diferencias significativas para la muestra total y de género. La conclusión es que el QMC tiene buenas cualidades psicométricas en adolescentes brasileños.