Mitral Regurgitation After Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty: Insights Into Mechanisms and Impact on Clinical Outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, mechanisms, and outcomes of mitral regurgitation (MR) after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV). BACKGROUND: Significant MR continues to be a major complication of PMV, with a wide range in clinical presentation and prognosis. METHODS: Consecutive patients with mitral stenosis undergoing PMV were prospectively enrolled. MR severity was evaluated by using quantitative echocardiographic criteria, and its mechanism was characterized by 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, divided broadly into 4 categories based on the features contributing to the valve damage. B-type natriuretic peptide levels were obtained before and 24 h after the procedure. Endpoints estimated cardiovascular death or mitral valve (MV) replacement due to predominant MR. RESULTS: A total of 344 patients, ages 45.1 ± 12.1 years, of whom 293 (85%) were women, were enrolled. Significant MR after PMV was found in 64 patients (18.6%). The most frequent mechanism of MR was commissural, which occurred in 22 (34.4%) patients, followed by commissural with posterior leaflet in 16 (25.0%), leaflets at central scallop or subvalvular damage in 15 (23.4%), and central MR in 11 (17.2%). During the mean follow-up period of 3 years (range 1 day to 10.6 years), 60 patients reached the endpoint. The event-free survival rates were similar among patients with mild or commissural MR, whereas patients with damaged central leaflet scallop or subvalvular apparatus had the worst outcome, with an event-free survival rate at 1 year of only 7%. Long-term outcome was predicted by net atrioventricular compliance (Cn) at baseline and post-procedural variables, including valve area, mean gradient, and magnitude of decrease in B-type natriuretic peptide levels, adjusted for the mechanism of MR. CONCLUSIONS: Significant MR following PMV is a frequent event, mainly related to commissural splitting, with favorable clinical outcome. Parameters that express the relief of valve obstruction and the mechanism by which MR develops were predictors of long-term outcomes.

Estudo das fraturas peritrocanterianas instáveis do fêmur tratadas com haste céfalo-diafisária bloqueada: técnica minimamente invasiva / Study of femur unstable peritrochanteric fractures treated with blocked cephalodiaphyseal shaft: a minimally invasive technique

Sessenta e cinco pacientes com fraturas peritrocanterianas instáveis foram tratados cirurgicamente com fixação intramedular céfalo-diafisária bloqueada (sistema minimamente invasivo). Realizou-se redução fechada em mesa de tração com utilização da radioscopia. Carga parcial assistida foi encorajada a partir do segundo dia pós-operatório. Em todos os pacientes estudados, foi obtida consolidação entre 12 e 18 semanas (média de 14.5 semanas), sendo observados seis casos (9,2 por cento) de consolidação viciosa, quatro (6,1 por cento) de encurtamento do membro (<1cm), três (4,6 por cento) de migração do parafuso de compressão para o acetábulo e um caso (1,5 por cento) de fratura intra-operatória da cortical lateral do fêmur. Cinco pacientes (7.6 por cento) apresentaram trombose venosa profunda (TVP) distal sem repercussões clínicas. Não foi constatada infecção superficial ou profunda até a data da última revisão. Nos três casos de migração proximal do parafuso de compressão, o sistema foi retirado sem intercorrências. Concluímos ser a metodologia utilizada eficaz, segura, de baixa morbidade, técnica rápida, com poucas complicações e que propicia a reabilitação precoce do paciente.