Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Vitamin K Antagonists for Left Ventricular Thrombus: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. / Anticoagulantes Orais Diretos versus Antagonistas da Vitamina K para Trombo Ventricular Esquerdo: Uma Metanálise com Análise Sequencial de Ensaios.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are the recommended first-line treatment for left ventricular thrombus (LVT); however, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been considered an alternative therapy. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DOACs compared with VKAs therapy in patients with LVT. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were systematically searched for randomized clinical trials or cohort studies that compared DOACs versus VKAs for LVT. Risk ratios (RRs) were computed for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Statistical significance was defined as p value < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 4 randomized clinical trials and 29 cohort studies were included, with 4,450 patients assigned to either DOACs or VKAs. There was no significant difference between groups for stroke or systemic embolic (SSE) events (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.07; p = 0.157), stroke (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.11; p = 0.140), systemic embolic (SE) events (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.17; p = 0.166), thrombus resolution (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.11; p = 0.077), any bleeding (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.00; p = 0.054), clinically relevant bleeding (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.03; p = 0.066), minor bleeding (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.23; p = 0.234), major bleeding (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.80; p = 0.705), and all-cause mortality (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.39; p = 0.752). Compared with VKAs, rivaroxaban significantly reduced SSE events (RR 0.35; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.91; p = 0.029) and SE events (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.95; p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: DOACs had a similar rate of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events, as well as thrombus resolution, compared to VKAs in the treatment of LVTs. Rivaroxaban therapy had a significant reduction in thromboembolic events, compared to VKAs.

Anticoagulantes Orais Diretos versus Antagonistas da Vitamina K para Trombo Ventricular Esquerdo: Uma Metanálise com Análise Sequencial de Ensaios / Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Vitamin K Antagonists for Left Ventricular Thrombus: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis

Resumo Fundamento Os antagonistas da vitamina K (AVKs) são o tratamento de primeira linha recomendado para trombo ventricular esquerdo (TVE); entretanto, os anticoagulantes orais diretos (AODs) têm sido considerados uma terapia alternativa. Objetivos Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança dos AODs em comparação com a terapia com AVKs em pacientes com TVE. Métodos PubMed, Embase e Cochrane foram sistematicamente pesquisados em busca de ensaios clínicos randomizados ou estudos de coorte que comparassem AODs versus AVKs para TVE. As razões de risco (RR) foram calculadas para desfechos binários, com intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. A significância estatística foi definida como valor de p < 0,05. Resultados Foram incluídos um total de 4 ensaios clínicos randomizados e 29 estudos de coorte, com 4.450 pacientes designados para AODs ou AVKs. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para acidente vascular cerebral ou eventos embólicos sistêmicos (AVC/EES) (RR 0,84; IC 95% 0,65 a 1,07; p = 0,157), acidente vascular cerebral (RR 0,73; IC 95% 0,48 a 1,11; p = 0,140), eventos embólicos sistêmicos (EES) (RR 0,69; IC 95% 0,40 a 1,17; p = 0,166), resolução do trombo (RR 1,05; IC 95% 0,99 a 1,11; p = 0,077), qualquer sangramento (RR 0,78; IC 95% 0,60 a 1,00; p = 0,054), sangramento clinicamente relevante (RR 0,69; IC 95% 0,46 a 1,03; p = 0,066), sangramento menor (RR 0,73; IC 95% 0,43 a 1,23; p = 0,234), sangramento maior (RR 0,87; IC 95% 0,42 a 1,80; p = 0,705) e mortalidade por todas as causas (RR 1,05; IC 95% 0,79 a 1,39; p = 0,752). Em comparação com AVKs, a rivaroxabana reduziu significativamente AVC/EES (RR 0,35; IC 95% 0,16 a 0,91; p = 0,029) e EES (RR 0,39; IC 95% 0,16 a 0,95; p = 0,037). Conclusões Os AODs tiveram uma taxa semelhante de eventos tromboembólicos e hemorrágicos, bem como de resolução do trombo, em comparação com os AVKs no tratamento de TVE. A terapia com rivaroxabana teve uma redução significativa nos eventos tromboembólicos, em comparação com os AVKs.

Abstract Background Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are the recommended first-line treatment for left ventricular thrombus (LVT); however, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been considered an alternative therapy. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DOACs compared with VKAs therapy in patients with LVT. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were systematically searched for randomized clinical trials or cohort studies that compared DOACs versus VKAs for LVT. Risk ratios (RRs) were computed for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Statistical significance was defined as p value < 0.05. Results A total of 4 randomized clinical trials and 29 cohort studies were included, with 4,450 patients assigned to either DOACs or VKAs. There was no significant difference between groups for stroke or systemic embolic (SSE) events (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.07; p = 0.157), stroke (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.11; p = 0.140), systemic embolic (SE) events (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.17; p = 0.166), thrombus resolution (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.11; p = 0.077), any bleeding (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.00; p = 0.054), clinically relevant bleeding (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.03; p = 0.066), minor bleeding (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.23; p = 0.234), major bleeding (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.80; p = 0.705), and all-cause mortality (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.39; p = 0.752). Compared with VKAs, rivaroxaban significantly reduced SSE events (RR 0.35; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.91; p = 0.029) and SE events (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.95; p = 0.037). Conclusions DOACs had a similar rate of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events, as well as thrombus resolution, compared to VKAs in the treatment of LVTs. Rivaroxaban therapy had a significant reduction in thromboembolic events, compared to VKAs.

[Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult urban population of Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2003]. / Prevalência, conhecimento, tratamento e controle de hipertensão arterial sistêmica na população adulta urbana de Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brasil, em 2003.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of systemic arterial hypertension in the adult urban population of Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The cross-sectional approach used a stratified sample, based on an initial list of electric power connections, resulting in the selection of 707 individuals over 18 years of age. A questionnaire was applied and arterial blood pressure was measured twice by medical students during home visits, using a mercury sphygmomanometer. The prevalence of arterial hypertension based on the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (arterial pressure > 140 x 90 mmHg) was 36.4%, increasing to 40.5% when including individuals on anti-hypertensive medication. Of the patients with high blood pressure, 55.6% were aware of their hypertension, 46.8% were on medication, and 10.1% had their blood pressure under control. The high estimated prevalence of hypertension, low level of unawareness, and less than ideal treatment and control levels emphasize the need for preventive measures in Tubarão.

[Wilson's disease: clinical diagnosis and "faces of panda" signs in magnetic resonance imaging. Case report]. / Doença de Wilson: diagnóstico clínico e sinais das "faces do panda" à ressonância magnética. Relato de caso.

A 25 year-old man was admitted with polymorph symptomatology resembling basal ganglia disease associated with psychiatric manifestations. The patient had been treated with pericyazine. The drug was stopped but the symptomatology did not improve. The diagnosis of Wilson's disease was established through ophthalmologic examination with slit-lamp that revealed the Kayser-Fleischer ring and laboratory abnormalities showing a low serum ceruloplasmin level and increased urinary copper excretion. T2-weighted axial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the " face of panda signs" in the midbrain and pons.

[Serum lipids in school kids and adolescents from Florianópolis, SC, Brazil--Healthy Floripa 2040 study]. / Lípides séricos em crianças e adolescentes de Florianópolis, SC--Estudo Floripa saudável 2040.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the distribution of serum lipids in children and adolescents of Florianopolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. To determine the association between undesirable levels for total cholesterol (>170 mg/dL) and others coronary heart disease risks factors. METHODS: A questionnaire, physical examination and blood analyses were collected from randomized sample from school kids aged range from 7 to 18 years old. RESULTS: 1,053 students participated, aged between 7 and 18 years old. They presented a total cholesterol mean of 162+/-28 mg/dl, triglyceride mean of 93+/-47 mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol mean of 53+/-10 mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol mean of 92+/-24 mg/dl and non-HDL cholesterol mean of 109+/-26 mg/dl. The TC/HDL and LDL/HDL mean rates were, respectively, 3.1+/-0.6 and 1.8+/-0.5. Findings showed that private school children, 10 years old or less, girls and black children had higher lipids values. Overall findings suggest that the best logistic regression model which explained abnormal total cholesterol levels included: obesity, stroke and heart attack familial history, feminine gender, age of 10 years old or less and overweight body image determined on inspection. CONCLUSION: In comparison to international literature, our results, showed intermediated total cholesterol, lower LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol and higher HDL-cholesterol. Therefore, primary prevention programs are needed to be carrying out, especially among overweight children and adolescents so to prevent ischemic heart disease as adulthood.

Low Bone Mass is Associated with Increased Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis share common risk factors and the association of low bone mass with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been demonstrated in some studies. Nevertheless, most studies have been focused on women and only a few on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The measurement of carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) is able to detect early atherosclerotic changes and is a predictive marker of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to assess the CIMT and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) (in the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS)) in men with T2DM. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 24 men with T2DM (aged 61 ± 6.4 years) and evaluated metabolic factors, bone densitometry values, and CIMT measured using B-mode Logic-E ultrasound machine. More than 5 years since the diagnosis of T2DM had passed in 75% of the patients, 41.6% were in statin use, mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.1 ± 3.4 kg/m(2), abdominal circumference (AC) 97.8 ± 8.4 cm, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 143.8 ± 18.3 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 85.8 ± 12.3 mmHg, HbA1C 7.5% ± 1.3%, Triglycerides 141.7 ± 73 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol 103.3 ± 35.9 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol 41.6 ± 11.6 mg/dL. The patients were stratified into groups according to BMD. The group with normal BMD at FN had mean CIMT of 0.7 mm and the group with low bone mass (osteopenia or osteoporosis) had CIMT of 0.86 mm (P = 0.007). In addition, there were no significant differences between groups regarding age, duration of T2DM, BMI, AC, SBP, DBP, statin use, smoking, HbA1C, cholesterol, or triglycerides. Our data demonstrate a negative association between BMD at the FN and CIMT in type 2 diabetic men, which was unrelated to the traditional risk factors for atherosclerotic disease and degree of diabetes control.

Alta frequência de síndrome metabólica e sua relação com o baixo consumo alimentar de proteínas em mulheres com diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional prévio / High frequency of metabolic syndrome and its relation to low dietary intake of protein in women with previous gestational diabetes

Introdução: Nesta pesquisa, examinou-se a ocorrência de síndrome metabólica, diabetes mellitus e obesidade e as suas relações com o consumo habitual de macro e micronutrientes e grupos de alimentos, em mulheres com antecedentes de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Método: O estudo envolveu 110 pacientes atendidas no ambulatório de diabetes gestacional de um hospital universitário localizado em uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil, das quais 49 completaram todas as etapas da investigação. No período pós-parto entre 6 meses e 4 anos, as pacientes recrutadas para uma primeira consulta responderam questionários acerca dos seus antecedentes clínicos, hábitos alimentares e do nível de atividade física e submeteram-se à aferição do peso e altura, realização de exame de bioimpedância e exames laboratoriais, a serem apresentados na segunda consulta. Resultados: A prevalência de síndrome metabólica foi elevada, totalizando 49% das pacientes; a de diabetes mellitus foi de 16%; e de disglicemias de 65%, porcentagens próximas àquelas encontradas em estudos realizados durante cinco anos após a gestação ou por períodos mais longos. Do total das pacientes, 45% estavam com sobrepeso e 28% obesas. Após análise estatística, observou-se relação entre a prevalência de síndrome metabólica e menor ingestão de proteínas (p=0,05), quando os macro e micronutrientes foram ajustados pelo peso. Conclusão: Não houve relação entre o consumo alimentar habitual e a ocorrência de diabetes mellitus e obesidade e a frequência de síndrome metabólica nas pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de DMG foi elevada, sendo sua ocorrência associada à menor ingestão de proteínas.

Issuing electrocardiographic reports remotely: experience of the telemedicine network of Santa Catarina.

BACKGROUND: A growing use of telemedicine has been observed, especially as regards the sending and evaluation of electrocardiograms (ECG); this is a low-cost procedure with a high potential to save lives. OBJECTIVES: To describe the form of systematic analysis and user profile of the Telemedicine Network of Santa Catarina during the time when the report was issued freely. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study determining the associations between patient characteristics and electrocardiographic diagnoses issued among users of the Telemedicine Network of Santa Catarina during the time when the report was issued freely. This system was connected to 287 cities in Santa Catarina; the tests were done in the places of origin and the reports were issued in three tertiary-care hospitals. From 2005 to 2010 the reports were issued freely and a probabilistic method for data analysis was created. An experienced cardiologist evaluated all ECGs to assess the chances of abnormality. RESULTS: 243,363 ECGs were evaluated. The majority (58%) was performed on patients older than 50 years from primary care services (72%). There were differences in the frequency per region; this was partly related to the number of cardiologists/region (r = -0.551), to the distance from tertiary-care centers and potential differences of acceptance of the method. Approximately 53% of the ECGs were abnormal with greater frequency with increasing age (r(2) = 0.8166) and with significant regional differences (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We built a data analysis system integrating prevalent terms, probabilistic analysis and specialized dictionaries. The system has covered a significant portion of the population of Santa Catarina, mainly elderly patients from the network of primary healthcare centers and remote regions of the State.

Association of the Waist-to-Height Ratio with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: The Three Cities Heart Study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the best anthropometric index in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors among children and adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional school-based study was conducted among a random sample of 3179 students, aged 6 to 18 years, in three large cities in Brazil. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10% and 5%, respectively. In relation to the students in the lower quartile (Q1) of the distribution of subscapular skinfold, the students in the upper quartile (Q4) presented a 2.0 times higher risk (odds ratio) of having elevated total cholesterol levels. Overweight and obese students had a 3.3 times higher risk of having elevated systolic blood pressure, and a 1.9 times higher risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure than other students. The less active students presented a 1.58 times higher risk of having waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) above the upper tertile (Q3). WHtR mean values was 0.46 (SE 0.00) presented the largest area under the curve (AUC) [0.613 (CI995%:0.578-0.647)] for high total cholesterol levels, [0.546 (CI995%: 0.515-0.578)] for low HDL-C levels, and [0.614 (CI95%: 0.577-0.651)] for high LDL-C levels, while body mass index presented the largest AUC [0.669 (CI95%: 0.64-0.699)] for increased diastolic blood pressure followed by the waist circumference for increased systolic blood pressure [0.761 (CI95%: 0.735-0.787)]. CONCLUSIONS: WHtR is considered as a simple and accurate anthropometric parameter that identifies youth with cardiovascular risk factors. In this study, WHtR above 0.44 was indicative of risk factors in children and adolescents. These findings can be applied in future preventive strategies against CVDs, and screening programs.

Short-term bone marker responses to teriparatide and strontium ranelate in patients with osteoporosis previously treated with bisphosphonates.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the responses of serum beta-CTX and osteocalcin in patients who were undergoing treatment with teriparatide or strontium ranelate (SR). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 14 patients (12 women and 2 men; mean age of 71 years) taking teriparatide, and 13 female patients (mean age of 70 years) taking SR; all the patients having previously been on bisphosphonates. Serum beta-CTX and osteocalcin levels were determined before and after the first and third months of teriparatide treatment and up to the fourth month of treatment with SR. RESULTS: We observed an initial significant increase in osteocalcin levels during the first month (165%, p = 0.01) followed by a peak of beta-CTX (180%, p = 0.02) after the third month of treatment with teriparatide. An increase in these markers was also observed with SR: 49% in osteocalcin (p = 0.002) and 80% in beta-CTX (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: SR had a predominantly short-term bone-forming effect in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis previously treated with bisphosphonates in a lesser degree than with teriparatide.

Efeitos da aplicação da EPAP (Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure) sobre a tolerância ao esforço em pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca / Effects of the use of EPAP (Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure) on exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure

INTRODUÇÃO: Novas abordagens terapêuticas que objetivam melhorar a sensação de dispneia e fadiga em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, como a aplicação de pressão positiva expiratória nas vias aéreas (EPAP), podem ser aplicadas na tentativa de melhorar a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da utilização da EPAP ( Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure) durante o esforço em indivíduos portadores de IC classe funcional II e III (NYHA). MÉTODOS: Dos 390 pacientes, foram selecionados 28 com FEVE < 40%. O Teste de Caminhada de seis minutos (TC6') foi realizado três vezes: o primeiro para a familiarização, um com a máscara e o outro sem a máscara de EPAP, sendo válido os dois últimos. A comparação entre os dados obtidos foi realizada por meio de teste t de Student pareado ou teste de Wilcoxon, conforme a normalidade dos dados. RESULTADOS: a percepção de esforço foi maior após a caminhada com a utilização da máscara quando comparado na ausência da máscara. Houve elevação significativa na saturação de oxigênio quando os pacientes estavam usando a máscara de EPAP. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da máscara de EPAP aumenta a percepção de esforço e o trabalho ventilatório, porém, não aumentou a distância percorrida no TC6, sendo sua aplicabilidade questionável em programas de reabilitação cardiovascular.

INTRODUCTION: New therapeutic approaches that aim to improve the sensation of dyspnea and fatigue in patients with heart failure, as the application of positive pressure airway expiratory (EPAP) Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure should be tested in an attempt to improve functional capacity and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the use of EPAP during exercise in patients with heart failure functional class II and III (NYHA). METHODS: Of 390 patients, 28 were selected with LVEF <40%. The Walk Test six minutes (6-MWT) was performed three times with and without the EPAP, reflecting the greater distance in the analysis. The comparison between the data obtained was performed by paired t test or Wilcoxon test as the normality of the data. RESULTS: The use of EPAP increased volume without significant minutes, but the perceived exertion was higher after the walk with the use of the mask when compared in the absence of a mask. There was a significant increase in oxygen saturation compared with the group that did not use. There was no improvement in distance walked in 6-MWT with the use of EPAP. CONCLUSION: Use of EPAP mask increases the perception of ventilatory effort and work, but its applicability in routine cardiac rehabilitation programs based on our preliminary data is questionable.

Emissão de laudos eletrocardiográficos a distância: experiência da rede catarinense de telemedicina / Issuing electrocardiographic reports remotely: experience of the telemedicine network of Santa Catarina

FUNDAMENTO: Cresce o uso da Telemedicina, especialmente no envio e na avaliação de eletrocardiograma (ECG). É um procedimento de baixo custo, com alto potencial de salvar vidas. OBJETIVO: Descrever a forma de análise sistemática e o perfil do usuário da Rede Catarinense de Telemedicina quando o laudo era emitido de forma livre. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal, determinando as associações entre características dos pacientes e diagnósticos eletrocardiográficos emitidos, dentre os usuários da Rede Catarinense de Telemedicina quando o laudo era fornecido de forma livre. Esse sistema estava conectado a 287 cidades de Santa Catarina, os exames eram feitos nos locais de origem e emitidos os laudos em três hospitais terciários. Entre 2005 e 2010, os laudos eram emitidos de forma livre e foi criado um método probabilístico para análise dos dados. Um cardiologista experiente avaliou todos os ECG para aferir a chance de anormalidade. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 243.363 ECG. A maioria (58%) foi realizada em pacientes com mais de 50 anos e proveniente da atenção primária (72%). Houve diferenças de frequência por região, parcialmente relacionado com número de cardiologistas/região (r = -0,551), com a distância dos centros terciários e com possíveis diferenças de aceitação do método. Cerca de 53% do ECG foram anormais, com maior frequência quanto maior a idade (r2 = 0,8166), e com diferenças regionais também significantes (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Foi construído um sistema de análise dos dados integrando termos prevalentes, análise probabilística e dicionários especializados. O sistema tem atendido uma parcela significativa da população catarinense, principalmente idosos, da rede básica e de regiões remotas do estado.

BACKGROUND: A growing use of telemedicine has been observed, especially as regards the sending and evaluation of electrocardiograms (ECG); this is a low-cost procedure with a high potential to save lives. OBJECTIVES: To describe the form of systematic analysis and user profile of the Telemedicine Network of Santa Catarina during the time when the report was issued freely. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study determining the associations between patient characteristics and electrocardiographic diagnoses issued among users of the Telemedicine Network of Santa Catarina during the time when the report was issued freely. This system was connected to 287 cities in Santa Catarina; the tests were done in the places of origin and the reports were issued in three tertiary-care hospitals. From 2005 to 2010 the reports were issued freely and a probabilistic method for data analysis was created. An experienced cardiologist evaluated all ECGs to assess the chances of abnormality. RESULTS: 243,363 ECGs were evaluated. The majority (58%) was performed on patients older than 50 years from primary care services (72%). There were differences in the frequency per region; this was partly related to the number of cardiologists/region (r = -0.551), to the distance from tertiary-care centers and potential differences of acceptance of the method. Approximately 53% of the ECGs were abnormal with greater frequency with increasing age (r² = 0.8166) and with significant regional differences (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We built a data analysis system integrating prevalent terms, probabilistic analysis and specialized dictionaries. The system has covered a significant portion of the population of Santa Catarina, mainly elderly patients from the network of primary healthcare centers and remote regions of the State.

Short-term bone marker responses to teriparatide and strontium ranelate in patients with osteoporosis previously treated with bisphosphonates / Resposta dos marcadores de curto prazo a teriparatida e ranelato de estrôncio em pacientes com osteoporose previamente tratados com bisfosfonatos

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the responses of serum β-CTX and osteocalcin in patients who were undergoing treatment with teriparatide or strontium ranelate (SR). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 14 patients (12 women and 2 men; mean age of 71 years) taking teriparatide, and 13 female patients (mean age of 70 years) taking SR; all the patients having previously been on bisphosphonates. Serum β-CTX and osteocalcin levels were determined before and after the first and third months of teriparatide treatment and up to the fourth month of treatment with SR. RESULTS: We observed an initial significant increase in osteocalcin levels during the first month (165 percent, p = 0.01) followed by a peak of β-CTX (180 percent, p = 0.02) after the third month of treatment with teriparatide. An increase in these markers was also observed with SR: 49 percent in osteocalcin (p = 0.002) and 80 percent in β-CTX (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: SR had a predominantly short-term bone-forming effect in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis previously treated with bisphosphonates in a lesser degree than with teriparatide.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as respostas do β-CTX e osteocalcina séricos em pacientes que foram submetidas a tratamento com teriparatida ou ranelato de estrôncio (RE). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se 14 pacientes (12 mulheres e 2 homens; idade média 71 anos) tomando teriparatida, e 13 mulheres (idade média 70 anos) tomando RE; todos os pacientes haviam previamente tomado bisfosfonatos. Níveis séricos de β-CTX e osteocalcina foram determinados antes e após o primeiro e terceiro meses de tratamento com teriparatida e no quarto mês de tratamento com RE. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um aumento inicial significativo nos níveis de osteocalcina no primeiro mês (165 por cento, p = 0,01), seguido por um pico do β-CTX (180 por cento, p = 0,02) após o terceiro mês de tratamento com teriparatida. Aumento nesses marcadores também foi observado com RE: 49 por cento na osteocalcina (p = 0,002) e 80 por cento no β-CTX (p = 0,008). CONCLUSÃO: RE teve um efeito predominantemente na formação óssea a curto prazo em mulheres na pós-menopausa com osteoporose tratadas previamente com bisfosfonatos em menor grau que a teriparatida.

Fatores de risco cardiovascular em pacientes com doença aterosclerótica não coronariana em hospital no Sul do Brasil: estudo caso-controle / Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with noncoronary atherosclerotic disease in a hospital in South Brazil: control-case study

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As doenças cardiovasculares são as principais causas de mortalidade no Brasil. É um distúrbio difuso, sendo as suas principais formas: doença arterial coronariana, acidente vascular encefálico e doença arterial periférica. A apresentação dessas doenças está relacionada diretamente ao número e intensidade de fatores de risco, sendo o conhecimento desses fatores a principal forma de prevenção. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os seus principais fatores de risco. MÉTODO: Realizou-se um estudo caso-controle pareado por sexo e idade (± 5 anos), na proporção de 1:1, com 46 pacientes diagnosticados com acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico e 50 pacientes com doença vascular periférica, internados no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, na cidade de Tubarão, SC, no período de novembro de 2006 a abril de 2007. RESULTADOS: Os fatores de riscos identificados em ordem decrescente de força de associação foram: hipertensão arterial (OR = 4,00; p < 0,0001), antecedente familiar precoce para doença aterosclerótica (OR = 3,73; p = 0,0001), depressão (OR = 3,23; p = 0,0001), relato de diabetes mellitus (OR = 3,09; p < 0,001). Outros fatores que apresentaram associação inversa com o desenvolvimento de doença aterosclerótica não coronariana foram: consumo regular de frutas (OR = 0,43; p = 0,03), verdura (OR = 0,34; p = 0,01), atividade física regular (OR = 0,33; p = 0,01) e atividade de lazer regular (OR = 0,28; p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Hipertensão arterial foi o fator de risco mais importante, seguido de história familiar precoce de doença cardiovascular, diabetes e depressão. Consumo de frutas e verduras, atividade física e lazer regular foram associados à redução do risco de doença aterosclerótica não coronariana.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. The presentations of these diseases are linked directly to the number and intensity of the risk factors, therefore the knowledge of these is the main form of prevention. This study analyzed the maile risk factors. METHODS: A case-control study pared by sex and age (± 5 years), in a 1:1 proportion with 46 patients diagnosed with ischemic cerebrovascular stroke, and 50 with peripheral vascular disease, admitted in the Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital, in the city of Tubarão, SC, between the period of November of 2006 to April of 2007. RESULTS: The risk factors analyzed in decreasing order of strength were: arterial hypertension (OR = 4.00; p < 0.0001), early family history of risk for coronary atherosclerotic disease (OR = 3.73; p = 0.0001), depression (OR = 3.23; p = 0.0001), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.09; p < 0,001). Other factors such as: regular fruit ingest (OR = 0.43; p = 0.03), regular vegetable ingest (OR = 0.34; p = 0.01), regular physical activity (OR = 0.33; p = 0.01), and regular leisure activity (OR = 0.28; p < 0.001), showed an inverse association with the development of the noncoronary atherosclerotic disease. CONCLUSION: Arterial hypertension was the most important risk factor, followed by early family history of coronary atherosclerotic disease, diabetes mellitus, and depression. Ingest of fruits and vegetables, regular physical activity and, regular leisure activity were associated with a reduction in the risk of noncoronary atherosclerotic disease.

Intervenção coronariana percutânea em multiarteriais com syntax score baixo e intermediário / Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary disease and low to medium syntax scores

Fundamentos: A doença arterial coronariana é importante causa de morte, com elevada prevalência. A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio é considerada o padrão-ouro para o tratamento em pacientes com lesões arteriais complexas, porém a intervenção coronariana percutânea também pode ser utilizada, e os pacientes devem ser estratificados para avaliar qual o melhor benefício terapêutico. Uma das formas de estratificar o risco nesses pacientes é através de escores como o Syntax score.Objetivos: Avaliar pacientes multiarteriais com Syntax score baixo e intermediário e suas características clínicas em relação a eventos cardiovasculares, infarto do miocárdio, necessidade de nova intervenção ou morte cardiovascular.Métodos: Estudo transversal, incluindo 76 pacientes de um único centro de cardiologia em Florianópolis, no período de janeiro 2007 a novembro 2009, para avaliar suas características clínicas e angiográficas em relação a eventos cardiovasculares. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Os pacientes com Syntax score baixo tiveram menor ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares quando comparados àqueles com escore intermediário (p=0,0296). Outras variáveis clínicas estudadas, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, tabagismo, doença renal crônica e infarto do miocárdio prévio não mostraram associação com eventos cardiovasculares.Conclusões: A intervenção coronariana percutânea deve ser reservada para pacientes multiarteriais com Syntax score baixo.

Background: Coronary artery disease is a major and highly prevalent cause of death. Although coronary artery bypass grafts are rated as the gold standard treatment for patients with complex arterial lesions, percutaneous coronary intervention may also be used. Patients must be risk-rated in order to evaluate which offers the best therapeutic benefits. One way of ranking risks is through stratifying systems like the Syntax score.Objectives: Evaluate patients with multivessel coronary disease with low to medium Syntax scores and their clinical characteristics in terms of cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death or needing further intervention. Methods: Cross sectional study of 76 patients seen at a cardiology unit in Florianópolis between January 2007 and November 2009, in order to evaluate their clinical and angiographic characteristics with relation to cardiovascular events. The Fisher’s exact test was used for the statistical analysis.Results: Patients with low Syntax scores had fewer cardiovascular events compared to those with medium Syntax scores (p=0.0296). Other clinical variables studied, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, chronic kidney diseases and prior myocardial infarctions, showed no association with cardiovascular events.Conclusions: Percutaneous coronary intervention should be reserved for patients with multivessel coronary disease and low Syntax scores.