Acute respiratory distress syndrome emerging after surgical debridement in a patient with extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and lung involvement is extremely rare. The patients with pulmonary ENKL always presented unspecific symptoms of the respiratory system, such as cough with sputum and varying degrees of fever, while developing into acute respiratory distress (ARDS) was seldomly reported, especially promoted by the surgical procedure. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we describe a patient with nasal ENKL and most likely lung dissemination that was regarded as an infection at first. After nonresponse to a period of anti-infective therapy, this patient received surgical debridement. While the histopathology did not show the evidence of infection, but consistent with ENKL. The patient got refractory hypoxemia rapidly after surgery, with the LDH surging to a much higher level than before surgery. The ARDS was diagnosed, and he died on the 5th day after surgery. We postulate that ARDS was due to aggressive lymphoma proliferation promoted by the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary ENKL developing into ARDS was scarce, and was likely attributed to the aggressive tumor cell proliferation after surgery in this case.

[Effect of Esculentoside A on Expression of AQP2 and AQP4 Protein of Kidney in Water-Loaded Rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the regulatory effect of Esculentoside A (EsA) on urination and the expression of AQP2 and AQP4 protein of kidney in water-loaded rats, and to discuss its mechanism of diuresis. METHODS: 50 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, including blank control group, hydrochlorothiazide group (0.4 mg/kg) and EsA high, middle and low dose groups (5.2, 2.6 and 1.3 mg/kg, respectively). After intraperitoneally injecting of different concentrations of EsA, urinary amount of model rats in continuous six hours was measured. Then the expression of AQP2 and AQP4 protein and mRNA of kidney were detected by immunohistochemistry method and Real-Time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Compared with blank control group, the expression of AQP2 and AQP4 protein and mRNA of kidney were significantly reduced as well as the urinary amount was significantly increased in EsA high dose group (P < 0.05), while the expression of AQP2, AQP4 protein and mRNA of kidney as well as urinary amount had no obvious difference in EsA middle and low dose groups. CONCLUSION: 5.2 mg/kg of EsA can reduce the expression of AQP2 and AQP4 protein and mRNA of kidney and the reabsorption of water, which results in diuresis.

[Study on thermoanalysis-based calamina processing].

Thermogravimetry (TG), TG-MS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM)-energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) were adopted to investigate the pyrolysis characteristics of calamina. According to the findings of the qualitative and quantitative studies on the changes in the content of relevant elements, the whole shape, the functional groups, and the volatile components of calamina before and after being pyrolyzed, the 200-360, 580-750 degrees C were two sensitive temperature ranges related to the changes in effective component during calamina processing. Thermal weight loss was observed for ZnCO3, Zn(OH)2 and ZnCO3-2Zn(OH)2-H2O under 200-360 degrees C and for CaCO3 under 580-750 degrees C. The results of studies on chemical reaction kinetics showed good linear relations. This experiment integrated relevant methods and theories of physical chemistry and science of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and interpretes calamina processing techniques and mechanism, in order to provide a good example for modem studies on other traditional Chinese medicine processing.

Processing of calamine with modern analytical techniques: Processed with Huanglian Decoction () and Sanhuang Decoction ().

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pyrolysis characteristics of calcined and processed calamine, qualitatively and quantitatively compare the contents of related elements, morphology and functional groups of the pyrolysis products dried at different heating temperatures and explore the critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature for the process of calamine with Huanglian Decoction (HLD, ) and San Huang Decoction (SHD, ). METHODS: Pyrolysis products were prepared by programmable and constantly heating the calcined and processed calamine to or at different heating temperatures. Thermogravimetry (TG) was used to test their pyrolysis characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopeenergy dispersive spectrometer were used to determine their morphology, functional groups and element contents. Page model was used to investigate the constant drying kinetics of processed calamine. RESULTS: The adding of HLD or SHD to calcined calamine (CC) can slow its weight loss in drying pyrolysis process. The temperature ranges where HLD and SHD can affect its weight loss were 65-150 °C and 74-180 °C, respectively. The drying temperature was optimized as 90 °C. The drying kinetic for the processed calamine fits Page model shows good linearity. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions: The critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature where HLD and SHD can affect the weight loss rate in the process of calamine were explored using the theories and methods of both biophysical chemistry and processing of Chinese materia medica. This work provides a good example for the study of the process of other Chinese medicines using modern analytical techniques.