Essential oils used in dermocosmetics: Review about its biological activities.

INTRODUCTION: Currently, the demand for the use of constituents of natural origin in cosmetic formulations in detriment of synthetic compounds is noticeable. Several studies assess the potential of essential oils when incorporated into various cosmetic formulations and study their biological activities. This work intends to prepare a literature review on essential oils tested in dermocosmetic formulations and whose biological activities were evaluated through in vitro and/or in vivo tests. The main objectives for this study were as follows: to identify the essential oils that have been used in cosmetic formulations; and compile information on the main biological activities tested in cosmetic formulations. METHODS: A search was carried out until 2021 in the scientific databases PubMed and Web of Science, using different search terms, and several scientific articles from in vitro and in vivo studies in animals and clinical trials were selected and analyzed of involving development dermocosmetic formulations containing essential oils and the analysis of their biological activities. RESULTS: These studies demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity (antibacterial and antifungal) is the one most studied, mainly through in vitro tests. In vivo studies were also carried out either in animals or in clinical studies showing different effects, such as repellent action, inhibition of hair growth, and action against migraine. Regarding formulations, it was evident that creams are the most used. CONCLUSIONS: There is enormous potential for the use of essential oils in future formulations in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, in particular as preservatives, exploring their other biological activities.

Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction of Thymus mastichina Essential Oil: Influence on Their Chemical Composition and on the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities.

Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) is a combination of microwave heating and dry distillation performed at atmospheric pressure without the addition of water or organic solvents that has been proposed as a green method for the extraction of essential oils from aromatic and medicinal herbs. In this work, SFME and the conventional techniques of steam distillation (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD) were compared with respect to the extraction and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Thymus mastichina essential oil. The main constituent of essential oils obtained using different methods was 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol). The results showed that the essential oils extracted by means of SFME in 30 min were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) similar to those obtained using conventional HD over 120 min. In addition, SFME generates less waste and less solvent, consumes less energy, and provides a higher yield for a shorter extraction time, which is advantageous for the extraction of the T. mastichina essential oil compared to SD. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the T. mastichina essential oil obtained from either SFME or conventional extraction methods (SD or HD) showed a similar pattern. Large-scale experiments using this SFME procedure showed a potential industrial application.

Assistência multiprofissional à gestante no contexto da pandemia pela COVID-19 / Asistencia multiprofesional a mujeres embarazadas en el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 / Multiprofessional assistance to pregnant women in the context of pandemic by COVID-19

Objetivo: analisar a assistência multiprofissional à gestante no contexto da pandemia pela COVID-19. Método: tratase de um estudo exploratório, descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob número de parecer 4.911.690. Foi realizado em duas Unidades de Saúde da Família em Itabuna-Bahia, em outubro de 2021. Participaram do estudo os profissionais das equipes, conforme critérios de inclusão pré-definidos. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados por meio da técnica de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Resultados: a pandemia por Covid permitiu a reorganização do fluxo de atendimento as gestantes, utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, realização de busca ativa e a educação em saúde no consultório. Porém, houve desafios no contexto do pré-natal como a efetivação da Educação Permanente em Saúde e o compartilhamento de consultas. Conclusão: a assistência gestacional foi readequada durante a pandemia e a atuação multiprofissional garantiu qualidade no pré-natal(AU)

Objective: to analyze multiprofessional care to pregnant women in the context of the pandemic by COVID-19. Method: this is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, approved by the Research Ethics Committee under opinion number 4,911,690. It was held in two Family Health Units in Itabuna-Bahia, in October 2021. The professionals of the teams participated in the study, according to predefined inclusion criteria. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Bardin's thematic content technique. Results: the pandemic by Covid allowed the reorganization of the flow of care to pregnant women, use of Information and Communication Technologies, active search and health education in the office. However, there were challenges in the context of prenatal care, such as the implementation of Permanent Health Education and the sharing of consultations. Conclusion: gestational care was reappropriated during the pandemic and multiprofessional performance guaranteed quality in prenatal care(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la atención multiprofesional a mujeres embarazadas en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y de enfoque cualitativo, aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación con el número de dictamen 4.911.690. Se llevó a cabo en dos Unidades de Salud de la Familia en Itabuna-Bahía, en octubre de 2021. Los profesionales de los equipos participaron en el estudio, según criterios de inclusión predefinidos. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y analizados utilizando la técnica de contenido temático de Bardin. Resultados: la pandemia por Covid permitió la reorganización del flujo de atención a las mujeres embarazadas, el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, la búsqueda activa y la educación para la salud en la oficina. Sin embargo, existen problemas en el contexto de la atención prenatal, como la aplicación de la educación permanente en materia de salud y el intercambio de consultas. Conclusión: la atención gestacional fue reapropiada durante la pandemia y el desempeño multiprofesional garantizó la calidad en la atención prenatal.(AU)

Reflexões sobre a resistência na clínica a partir de Michel Foucault / Resistance in the clinical practice reflections based on Michel Foucault

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o sujeito e seu lugar no contexto clínico, e, mais especificamente, sobre suas possibilidades de questionamento, crítica e subversão nessa relação de poder. Michel Foucault afirma que, nas relações de poder, há necessariamente possibilidade de resistência, e sugere, como uma outra maneira para se abordar essas relações, focalizá-las a partir da análise dos antagonismos das estratégias em vez de focalizá-las a partir de sua racionalidade interna. Partindo dessas colocações e considerando o contexto terapêutico como espaço também para práticas de liberdade e para resistência às posições até então ocupadas pelo sujeito na trama social e na situação clínica, acreditamos que esta experiência possa vir a colaborar com o sujeito numa possibilidade de recriação de si e de emergência de novas formas de subjetivação.

This article aims to reflect on the subject and his/her position in the clinical context, more specifically on his/her possibilities to inquire, criticize and subvert the order inside this relation of power. Michel Foucault says that in the relations of power there are necessarily possibilities of resistance and he suggests as another way to study these relations the analysis of their antagonist strategies, instead of their intern rationality. Starting from this point of view and considering the therapeutic context also as a locus for acts of freedom and resistance against the positions the subject had in the social context and in the clinical situation, we believe that this practice can collaborate with the subject so that he could recreate himself and new kinds of subjectivities could emerge.