RESUMO
Understanding resistance to antibody to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; anti-PD-1) is crucial for the development of reversal strategies. In anti-PD-1-resistant models, simultaneous anti-PD-1 and vaccine therapy reversed resistance, while PD-1 blockade before antigen priming abolished therapeutic outcomes. This was due to induction of dysfunctional PD-1+CD38hi CD8+ cells by PD-1 blockade in suboptimally primed CD8 cell conditions induced by tumors. This results in erroneous T cell receptor signaling and unresponsiveness to antigenic restimulation. On the other hand, PD-1 blockade of optimally primed CD8 cells prevented the induction of dysfunctional CD8 cells, reversing resistance. Depleting PD-1+CD38hi CD8+ cells enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, non-responding patients showed more PD-1+CD38+CD8+ cells in tumor and blood than responders. In conclusion, the status of CD8+ T cell priming is a major contributor to anti-PD-1 therapeutic resistance. PD-1 blockade in unprimed or suboptimally primed CD8 cells induces resistance through the induction of PD-1+CD38hi CD8+ cells that is reversed by optimal priming. PD-1+CD38hi CD8+ cells serve as a predictive and therapeutic biomarker for anti-PD-1 treatment. Sequencing of anti-PD-1 and vaccine is crucial for successful therapy.
Assuntos
ADP-Ribosil Ciclase 1/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/imunologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Neoplasias/imunologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , ADP-Ribosil Ciclase 1/genética , Animais , Anticorpos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Camundongos Transgênicos , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologiaRESUMO
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.