Spontaneous left atrial multiseptated intramural dissecting hematoma.

Our case was initially admitted with chest discomfort and congestive heart failure with a presumptive diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and was later found to have a large left atrial (LA) mass. In addition to a complete echocardiography study, multimodality imaging was utilized to better characterize the LA mass. Despite this, the diagnosis could not be confirmed. It was decided to proceed to cardiac surgery, and surprisingly, this revealed a large LA mass with pockets of fresh blood within the LA. Pathological specimen examination confirmed a diagnosis of thrombus, effectively outruling other atrial neoplasms. Although contrast echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging suggested this diagnosis, in the absence of any predisposing factors, the final diagnosis was made at surgery and histopathological examination.

Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in the Kingdom of Bahrain: Prevalence, Gender Distribution and Impact on Hepatic Biomarkers.

Background: Approximately 400 million people are infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) around the world, which makes it one of the world's major infectious diseases. The prevalence of HBV genotypes and predictive factors for risk are poorly known in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of HBV genotypes, its correlation with demographic factor sand impacts on hepatic biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from 82 HBV positive patients (48 males, 34 females). The extraction of HBV DNA, PCR amplification, and genotyping were done to classify different genotypes (A, A/D, B, B/D, C, D, D/E, E). HBV genotypes association with gender, nationality, mode of transmission, and liver cirrhosis complication was determined by descriptive statistic and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). For liver function test, unpaired t-test and ANOVA were performed. Results: The predominant genotype among patients under study was genotype D (61%), followed by genotype A (10%), and lowest frequency was found for undetermined genotype (1%). In general, there was no significant association between the different genotypes and some demographical factors, serological investigations, and liver function test. The prevalence of HBV genotypes was higher in male patients as compared to female patients and higher in non-Bahraini than in Bahraini. Patients with the dominant genotype D showed higher than the normal maximum range for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean = 45.89) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (mean = 63.36). Conclusions: The most common HBV genotype in Bahrain was genotype D, followed by genotype A. Further studies involving the sources of transmission and impact of hepatic biomarker in Bahrain are required to enhance the control measures of HBV infections.

Intestinal Intussusception Complicating an Undiagnosed Burkitt Lymphoma in a Pediatric Arab Patient.

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is considered an aggressive form of a non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, representing less than 5% of all pediatric malignancies and 30% of pediatric lymphomas. However, intestinal BL may present as a lead point, causing intussusception. Surgery continues to be the gold standard for the treatment and identification of localized tumors to ensure complete removal with proper margin. In this report, we describe a hidden BL presenting as intestinal intussusception in an eight-year-old Arab boy. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed an ileoileal intussusception with multiple enlarged lymph nodes. The report discusses the role of histopathology, supported by immunohistochemistry studies, in establishing the diagnosis. It also covers the significance of proper laparoscopic surgery and chemotherapy in the management of this child.

A descriptive analysis of gastric cancer with an immunohistochemical Study of Ki67 and p53 as prognostic factors.: Bahrain experience.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the increasing number of gastric cancer cases at Bahrain Defense Force Hospital with implementation of immunohistochemistry markers as prognostic factors. METHODS: This study included histologically confirmed malignant gastric tumors diagnosed at Bahrain Defense Force Hospital from January 2009 to June 2019. Various epidemiological and pathological data were abstracted and recorded with immunohistochemical analysis of the proliferation marker Ki67 and cell-cycle regulator p53 as prognostic factors. RESULTS: A total of 53 patients with gastric cancer were included in the study, with mean age of 59.75 ± 12.9 years. The typical histological types were signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (68%) and intestinal type adenocarcinoma (17%). Helicobacter pylori and intestinal metaplasia were significantly associated with gastric cancer (p<0.01). The studied population's mortality was 39 (74%). The Ki67 proliferation index showed a mean and standard deviation of 67.09 ± 16.338, with a higher mortality rate in patients with low Ki67 but no difference in survival time. No statistically significant association was found between clinicopathological findings with p53 immunostaining positivity. CONCLUSION: The common gastric cancers are signet ring cell adenocarcinoma and intestinal type adenocarcinoma, affecting a wide range of age groups (33-91 years), with those over 60 years at greater risk. Interestingly, low Ki67 is associated with a higher mortality rate, whereas p53 has no prognostic significance. Expression of both Ki67 and p53 showed no association with survival time.

Congenital Tufting Enteropathy, a Rare Cause of Diarrhea and Malnourishment in Arab Child with Genetic and Histopathology Investigations.

Congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE), also known as intestinal epithelial dysplasia (IED), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to EPCAM gene mutation. It is a rare congenital enteropathy that presents in early infancy as an intractable diarrhea that is independent of breast formula feeding that requires life-long total parental nutrition (TPN) to acquire adequate calories and fluid intake or small bowel transplantation in severe cases. Here, we report a case of intestinal failure due to congenital tufting enteropathy in a 3-year-old girl who presented with loose stools and failure to thrive. This study aims to review the literature about CTE and discuss the clinicopathological aspects and to be able to distinguish it from other causes of congenital diarrheal disorders (CDDs).

Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemistry Study of a Long Survivor of Giant Cell Glioblastoma in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis 1: Case Report.

Glioblastoma multiforme (IDH wild type) is an aggressive glial tumor of astrocytic origin (WHO-grade 4) with a two-year median survival period. Patients who live more than three years are considered as long survivors. In this study, we present a long survivor of a known case of neurofibromatosis type 1 who developed GBM of the giant cell type at age 14 years, and now the patient, at age 28, has been cancer-free for more than 14 years.

Calciphylaxis: A Rare Complication With a Fatal Outcome in End-Stage Renal Disease.

Calciphylaxis, or calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a rare and deadly disease that affects patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It typically manifests in the abdomen and lower extremities. We present a case of a 59-year-old female patient on dialysis due to ESRD who complained of a three-week history of hemorrhagic and painful bilateral lower limb lesions. The predominant clinical suspicion was warfarin-induced skin necrosis (WISN); however, the persistence of unresolved skin lesions post-warfarin cessation generated the impression of calciphylaxis. A skin biopsy confirmed the classical histological findings associated with calciphylaxis. This paper highlights the possible importance of warfarin being an inciting event, as well as the early differentiation between the presentations of WISN and calciphylaxis.

Case report: Homozygous variants of NEB and KLHL40 in two Arab patients with nemaline myopathy.

Objective: Nemaline myopathies are a heterogeneous group of congenital myopathies caused by mutations in different genes associated with the structural and functional proteins of thin muscular filaments. Most patients have congenital onset characterized by hypotonia, respiratory issues, and abnormal deep tendon reflexes, which is a phenotype encountered in a wide spectrum of neuromuscular disorders. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) contributes to a faster diagnosis and facilitates genetic counseling. Methods: Here, we report on two Arab patients from consanguineous families diagnosed with nemaline myopathy of different phenotype spectrum severities. Results: Clinical assessment and particular prenatal history raised suspicion of neuromuscular disease. WES identified homozygous variants in NEB and KLHL40. Muscle biopsy and muscle magnetic resonance imaging studies linked the genetic testing results to the clinical phenotype. The novel variant in the NEB gene resulted in a classical type 2 nemaline myopathy, while the KLHL40 gene variant led to a severe phenotype of nemaline myopathy, type 8. Both patients were identified as having other gene variants with uncertain roles in their complex phenotypes. Conclusions: This study enriches the phenotypic spectrum of nemaline myopathy caused by NEB and KLHL40 variants and highlights the importance of detailed prenatal, neonatal, and infancy assessments of muscular weakness associated with complex systemic features. Variants of uncertain significance in genes associated with nemaline myopathy may be correlated with the phenotype. Early, multidisciplinary intervention can improve the outcome in patients with mild forms of nemaline myopathies. WES is essential for clarifying complex clinical phenotypes encountered in patients from consanguineous families. Targeted carrier screening of extended family members would enable accurate genetic counseling and potential genetic prevention.

Integrated immunoinformatics and subtractive proteomics approach for multi-epitope vaccine designing to combat S. pneumoniae TIGR4.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the major precarious pathogens accountable for over 1.2 million fatalities annually. The key drivers for pneumococcal vaccine development involve high morbidity and mortality in over one million cases, especially in very young children and the elderly. In this study, immunoinformatics was integrated with subtractive proteomics to find antigenic proteins for designing a multi-epitope vaccine against S. pneumoniae. As prospective vaccine targets, the developed pipeline identified two antigenic proteins, i.e., penicillin-binding protein and ATP synthase subunit. Several immunoinformatics and bioinformatics resources were used to forecast T- and B-cell epitopes from specific proteins. By employing a mixture of five cytotoxic T-cell lymphocytes, six helper T-cell lymphocytes, and seven linear B-cell lymphocyte epitopes, a 392 amino acid-long vaccine was designed. To enhance immune responses, the designed vaccine was coupled with a cholera enterotoxin subunit B adjuvant. The designed vaccine was highly antigenic, non-allergenic, and stable for human usage. The stability of the vaccine with toll-like receptor-4 was evaluated by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. In addition, immunological simulation was performed to test its real-world potency. The vaccine codon was then cloned in silico. Overall, this study paves the way for the development of a multi-epitope S. pneumoniae vaccine under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the current findings warrant for the experimental validation of the final multi-epitope vaccine construct to demonstrate its immunological reinforcing capability and clinical applicability.

Retroperitoneal blue cell round tumor (Ewing sarcoma in a 35 years old male)- case report.

INTRODUCTION: Ewing sarcoma is a highly aggressive tumor. It's common presentation is primary bone tumor, but very rarely as soft tissue sarcoma both of which are under the spectrum of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (EFT). CASE PRESENTATION: A 35 years old male who presented with advanced locally spreading tumor. He was diagnosed after presenting with epigastric pain and melena, CT abdomen revealed the retroperitoneal mass. CT guided core biopsy taken and was diagnosed as Ewing sarcoma. The patient presented with mass already grown so he was not a surgical candidate. Patient was managed symptomatically till he was sent for palliative care in a Sarcoma centre in Jordon and passed away on October 2021. DISCUSSION: Ewing Sarcoma family of tumors are group of small round blue cell tumors that are histogenetically related. The better known is Ewing 's sarcoma (EWS). It is a malignant small blue round cell tumor with variable degree of neuroectodermal differentiation. Retroperitoneal tumor are mostly malignant and accounts for one third of soft tissue sarcoma. They usually present as large masses at the time of the diagnosis. So they do not produce symptoms until they grow large enough to compress or invade contagious structures. CONCLUSION: ES-EWS is an aggressive tumor with high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis that's why is was given its poor prognosis characteristic. Multimodality treatment including surgical resection, chemotherapy and High dose radiotherapy will help in better survival rate.

Polymer Emboli Complicating Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Case Report.

Hydrophilic polymers are frequently used as surface coatings in modern intravascular technologies. We hereby present a case of a patient who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation that was complicated with foot gangrene and mesenteric ischemia, necessitating emergency enterectomy. Histologic examination revealed hydrophilic polymer emboli as the culprit of these complications. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

Abdominoplasty Panniculus as a Source for Human Acellular Dermis: A Preliminary Report.

BACKGROUND: In extensive deep dermal burn injuries, split-thickness skin graft (STSG) has been the most preferred treatment option for resurfacing burn wounds. A thick split-thickness skin graft is ideal for preventing graft contracture but is associated with delayed donor healing and the lack of adequate donor skin. When applied with STSG, the dermal substitutes offer better-reconstructed skin than STSG alone. Human-derived acellular dermal matrix (HADM) obtained from cadaver skin is a dermal equivalent with good clinical outcomes. However, high cost and limited cadaver donor skin availability limit its clinical utility. Developing a low-cost preparation method and finding an alternate source of human donated skin can help reduce the cost. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of making HADM from abdominoplasty panniculus skin. METHODS: Skin samples were collected from the abdominoplasty panniculus of ten eligible donors with their informed consent. A combination of low-cost reagents-sodium chloride and hypotonic solution (water for injection) was used for decellularizing the skin. Characterization of the prepared Acellular Dermis Matrix prototype was done. RESULTS: The skin was deepidermized with one molar NaCl treatment at 37 °C for 24 h. The deepidermized dermis became acellular with hypotonic solution treatment at 4 °C for two weeks. The hematoxylin and eosin staining and cytotoxicity test confirmed the acellularity and non-cytotoxicity of the prepared HADM prototype. The HADM prototype also facilitated the formation of neo-epithelium in the 3D cell co-culture model. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that abdominoplasty panniculus can be a viable alternative for HADM preparation. Further characterization studies are required to prove the concept.

A case report of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis necessitating total pericardiectomy.

BACKGROUND: Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is one of the most serious sequelae of tuberculous pericarditis, which is characterized by heart constriction secondary to intense pericardial inflammation and thickening. Several invasive and non-invasive diagnostic modalities are crucial to address the challenges of confirming the diagnosis of CP and to expedite timely intervention. CASE SUMMARY: This study reports the case of a Bahraini male with tuberculous lymphadenitis diagnosed with CP as a result of various evaluations. The patient underwent urgent total pericardiectomy and showed remarkable recovery with complete resolution of heart failure symptoms. DISCUSSION: This case demonstrates the paramount importance of early diagnosis and treatment for patients with CP. In this unique case, the acoustic windows on echocardiography were suboptimal because of pericardial thickening. Further, computed tomography did not show significant calcification of the thickened pericardium. A novel approach of assessing haemodynamics through the right antecubital vein and right radial artery facilitated the accurate diagnosis of CP with confidence. Thereafter, successful pericardiectomy revealed a markedly thickened and stiff pericardium with many abscesses and dense adhesions encasing the heart, and pericardial biopsy showed large caseating granulomas. This case exemplifies the difficulty in diagnosing CP and the favourable outcomes achieved with well-timed surgical intervention.

Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Hospitalized Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Case Series Study From the First COVID-19 Center in the UAE.

Introduction: COVID-19 is raising with a second wave threatening many countries. Therefore, it is important to understand COVID-19 characteristics across different countries. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 525 hospitalized symptomatic COVID-19 patients, from the central federal hospital in Dubai-UAE during period of March to August 2020. Results: UAE's COVID-19 patients were relatively young; mean (SD) of the age 49(15) years, 130 (25%) were older than 60 and 4 (<1%) were younger than 18 years old. Majority were male(47; 78%). The mean (SD) BMI was 29 (6) kg/m2. While the source of contracting COVID-19 was not known in 369 (70%) of patients, 29 (6%) reported travel to overseas-country and 127 (24%) reported contact with another COVID-19 case/s. At least one comorbidity was present in 284 (54%) of patients and 241 (46%) had none. The most common comorbidities were diabetes (177; 34%) and hypertension (166; 32%). The mean (SD) of symptoms duration was 6 (3) days. The most common symptoms at hospitalization were fever (340; 65%), cough (296; 56%), and shortness of breath (SOB) (243; 46%). Most of the laboratory values were within normal range, but (184; 35%) of patients had lymphopenia, 43 (8%) had neutrophilia, and 116 (22%) had prolong international normalized ratio (INR), and 317 (60%) had high D-dimer. Chest x ray findings of consolidation was present in 334 (64%) of patients and CT scan ground glass appearance was present in 354 (68%). Acute cardiac injury occurred in 124 (24%), acute kidney injury in 111 (21%), liver injury in 101 (19%), ARDS in 155 (30%), acidosis in 118 (22%), and septic shock in 93 (18%). Consequently, 150 (29%) required ICU admission with 103 (20%) needed mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the special profile of COVID-19 in UAE. Patients were young with diabetes and/or hypertension and associated with severe infection as shown by various clinical and laboratory data necessitating ICU admission.

Risk factors, predictions, and progression of acute kidney injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: An observational retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: Studies have shown that acute kidney injury (AKI) occurrence post SARS-CoV-2 infection is complex and has a poor prognosis. Therefore, more studies are needed to understand the rate and the predications of AKI involvement among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and AKI's impact on prognosis while under different types of medications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective observational cohort study conducted at Bahrain Defence Force (BDF) Royal Medical Services. Medical records of COVID-19 patients admitted to BDF hospital, treated, and followed up from April 2020 to October 2020 were retrieved. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression with covariate adjustment, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence (95% CI) interval were reported. RESULTS: Among 353 patients admitted with COVID-19, 47.6% developed AKI. Overall, 51.8% of patients with AKI died compared to 2.2% of patients who did not develop AKI (p< 0.001 with OR 48.6 and 95% CI 17.2-136.9). Besides, deaths in patients classified with AKI staging were positively correlated and multivariate regression analysis revealed that moderate to severe hypoalbuminemia (<32 g/L) was independently correlated to death in AKI patients with an OR of 10.99 (CI 95% 4.1-29.3, p<0.001). In addition, 78.2% of the dead patients were on mechanical ventilation. Besides age as a predictor of AKI development, diabetes and hypertension were the major risk factors of AKI development (OR 2.04, p<0.01, and 0.05 for diabetes and hypertension, respectively). Also, two or more comorbidities substantially increased the risk of AKI development in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, high levels upon hospital admission of D-Dimer, Troponin I, and ProBNP and low serum albumin were associated with AKI development. Lastly, patients taking ACEI/ARBs had less chance to develop AKI stage II/III with OR of 0.19-0.27 (p<0.05-0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the mortality rate among AKI patients were high and correlated with AKI staging. Furthermore, laboratory testing for serum albumin, hypercoagulability and cardiac injury markers maybe indicative for AKI development. Therefore, clinicians should be mandated to perform such tests on admission and follow-up in hospitalized patients.

Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism: a retrospective hospital based study from Bahrain.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are now widespread in developed countries. AIM: Cord blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was evaluated for the incidence of CH in Bahrain Defense Force hospital. METHODS: Those neonates with cord blood TSH values >25 mU/l were recalled. Permanent CH was reported when the levels of TSH and free T4 (fT4) venous blood samples were > or =15 mUl and <12 pmol/l, respectively, with abnormal thyroid scan. RESULTS: Of 714 recalled newborns, 23 (10 males and 13 females) were diagnosed with transient TSH elevation with an estimated incidence of 1:774 births and 6 (3 males and 3 females) were diagnosed with permanent CH with an overall estimated incidence of 1:2,967 births. CONCLUSIONS: High incidence rates for CH reported in this hospital-based study suggest the need for a national screening program for this congenital endocrine disorder in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Niemann-Pick disease in association with syringocystadenoma papilliferum.

This report describes a solitary syringocystadenoma papilliferum, a rare skin tumor, in a 9-year-old boy who was known to have Niemann-Pick disease. To our knowledge, this association has not been described in the medical literature and this is the first report describing such association.

Intussusception after laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass: A rare complication.

INTRODUCTION: Intussusception after one anastomosis gastric bypass is a rare postoperative complication that occurs with bowel obstruction. The diagnosis may be challenging because of long-standing, intermittent, nonspecific symptoms. Our paper describes an unusual case of antegrade intussusception that occurred 28 months after laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass surgery. PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old female known to have diabetes mellitus type 2, who presented with epigastric pain. A computed tomography scan revealed a jejuno-jejunal intussusception. After resection and primary end-to-end hand-sewn anastomosis of the biliary limb, the patient was discharged on the 6th day postoperatively and recovered uneventfully. We belief this is the first report describing a case of intussusception post one anastomosis gastric bypass. DISCUSSION: Gastric bypass surgeries have recently become a popular method for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity worldwide. The reported intussusception incidence after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is approximately 0.1-0.3%, but not described in one anastomosis gastric bypass surgery. Approximately two-thirds of patients show recurrent chronic and colicky pain. Surgical intervention is essential. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of such condition in patients with history of bariatric surgery who present with long-standing, intermittent abdominal pain.

A Giant Primary Mediastinal Teratocarcinoma in a Male Adult.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) arise along the midline, in which 50-70% of extragonadal GCTs occur in the mediastinum. Malignant GCTs are more common in males, while benign GCTs occur equally in both males and females. This report presents a case of a giant primary mediastinal nonseminomatous GCT resected from a 35-year-old male who presented with dyspnoea and tightness in the chest. Thorough investigations including a chest MRI were done. It showed a 21 × 19 × 15 cm tumor. Thus, surgical resection of the tumor through a midline sternotomy was done. Histopathological analysis diagnosed the tumor as a primary mediastinal teratocarcinoma with a sarcomatous component. Eighteen-month follow-up showed no tumor recurrence. Mediastinal teratocarcinoma is a rare and life-threatening germ cell tumor. Studies recommend the use of chemotherapy prior to resection as an important step in its management. Close and regular follow-up postsurgical resection is advised.

Glycogen rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast: a rare subtype with good prognosis.

Glycogen rich cell carcinoma (GRCC) is a rare subtype of primary malignant neoplasm of the breast. Less than 150 cases have been reported since its first description, thus, making its prognosis unclear and vary from one literature to another. Here we present a 5-year cancer free after the completion of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted-therapy in a 55-year-old female patient with GRCC of the breast. The purpose of reporting this case is to increase the knowledge about this rare subtype of breast cancer and chance of better survival.