THE IMPACT OF THE ACRYLIC MONOMER ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF RAT LINGUAL MUCOSA.

The analysis of publications shows that diverse multiple factors can induce changes in taste sensitivity and the main irritants are the chemicals of different types. However, the study of the effect of the components of dental structural materials on the state of lingual mucosa, in particular, taste sensors, has not been fully elucidated to date. The purpose of the paper was the study of the effect of monomer of the "Ftoraks" base acrylic resin on the state of the rats' lingual mucosa within 2-4 weeks after its impact. The previous paper [5] presents the findings of the study on the impact of the monomer of the "Ftoraks" base acrylic resin on the state of the rats' lingual mucosa in the early period (1 to 7 days) and its subsequent regeneration. The studies have found that the greatest changes in the lingual mucosa occur on day 3 and 7 after the application of monomer, and are of erosive-inflammatory origin. Regeneration of the lingual epithelium is delayed. The studies confirm that the monomer of acrylic resin causes a number of pathological changes in the mucous membrane and muscles of the rat tongue, the nature of which varies depending on the duration of its impact. On day 14 in the lingual mucosa the destructive processes are significantly delayed, substituting for the sclerotic processes in the proper plate and atrophic processes, observed, first of all, in the papillae of the tongue. It is appropriate to assume that such changes in the papillae will lead to violation of the taste reception, first of all, in the areas of lateral surfaces of the body of the tongue and in the root area. At the same time, it should be noted that at the end of the experimental period (on day 28 of the contact of the monomer with the lingual mucosa), in the mucous membrane of the tongue, along with atrophic and sclerotic processes, the destructive changes and inflammatory reaction are evident. We hypothesize that this may indicate about partial recovery of taste sensitivity due to the decrease in the number of gustatory buds, taste papillae of different types and the increase in the period of their regeneration.

[MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF RAT MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE TONGUE EARLY AFFECTED BY ACRYLIC RESIN MONOMER].

Base materials, made on the basis of various derivatives of acrylic and methacrylic acids, have been widely used in prosthetic dentistry. Free monomer, affecting the tissues of prosthetic bed and the whole body, is always found in dentures. Therefore, study of the effect of acrylic resins' monomer on mucous membrane of the tongue is crucial. Rat tongue is very similar to human tongue, and this fact has become the basis for selecting these animals to be involved into the experiment. The paper presents the findings related to the effect of "Ftoraks" base acrylic resin monomer on the state of rat mucous membrane of the tongue and its regeneration. The microscopy has found that the greatest changes in the mucous membrane of the tongue occur on day 3 and 7 day after applying the monomer and are of erosive and inflammatory nature. Regeneration of tongue epithelium slows down.

APPLICATION OF GRAFTSKIN TO ACCELERATE HEALING OF ULCERS IN DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME.

Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is one of the severe and more frequent complications of diabetes. It is characterized by occurrence of chronic purulent necrotic processes (trophic ulcers) on the foot with damage of skin, soft tissues and osteoarticular system due to pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system (diabetic neuropathy) and vascular system (diabetic angiopathy). This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of accelerating of wound healing in DFS by using the dermal equivalent (graftskin) and determine the safety of the method, factors and indications for its application. The research included 60 patients with DFS who were cured at the period from 2013 to 2016 in departments of purulent surgery of Hospital of war veterans and Municipal hospital № 14 of Saint-Petersburg. The patients were divided into 2 groups by random sampling of two comparable groups in age and sex. The patients of main group were treated by standard method and using application of dermal equivalent (DE) on the area of trophic ulcers. The patients of control group had only standard treatment. The DE showed a high efficacy in the main group of patients. The application of DE in complex treatment of patients with DFS stimulated processes of healing and accelerated the rate of epithelization. The application of DE was the most effective in patients with neuropathic form of DFS.

[Perfusion, Metabolism and Regional Myocardial Contractility in Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: a Long-Term Follow-Up After Valve Replacement].

AIM: To perform complex assessment of myocardial perfusion, metabolism, and regional contractility in patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) in remote period after surgical correction of heart defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 30 patients with VHD in 1-8 years after heart valve replacement because of mitral (n=13) or aortic (n=17) valve defects of the following etiology: rheumatic heart disease (n=10), degeneration of connective tissue (n=13), infective endocarditis (n=7). For assessment of myocardial perfusion, metabolism, and regional contractility, we used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). RESULTS: Myocardium of patients who had undergone surgical correction of heart valve defects was characterized by dominating diffuse sclerotic changes localized mostly in basal segments. Hibernating myocardium was a less frequent finding. There were segments of borderline state with normal parameters of metabolism but slight impairment of perfusion without pronounced disturbances of kinetics. Patients with infectious etiology of valvular defects had combined perfusion and metabolic changes in multiple myocardial segments. Extensive derangements of perfusion and metabolism were characteristic for patients with connective tissue degeneration. CONCLUSION: Signs of cardiac failure caused by disturbances of myocardial perfusion and metabolism in patients with valvular heart disease can persist even after successful correction of valvular defect with normalization of intracardiac hemodynamics.

[ABCG1 transporter gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with atherosclerosis].

Accumulation of cholesterol in arterial wall macrophages is a main hallmark of atherosclerosis. The ABCG1 transporter mediates cholesterol efflux to high density lipoproteins (HDL) and plays an important role in macrophage foam cell formation. The goal of our study was to investigate the potential role of ABCG1 in atherosclerosis development in humans. ABCG1 gene expression has been examined in leukocytes, monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages of patients with atherosclerosis and in the control group. Real time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine ABCG1 mRNA and ABCG1 protein levels. Monocyte ABCG1 mRNA level was inversely correlated with the rate of artery occlusion (r = -0.45, P = 0.016). Patients with 100% artery occlusions had decreased monocyte ABCG1 mRNA levels compared to patients who had smaller plaques and controls (P < 0.05). ABCG1 mRNA (P < 0.001) and ABCG1 protein (P < 0.05) levels in macrophages of patients with coronary artery stenosis were significantly reduced compared to the control group. No significant correlation between the ABCG1 gene expression in mononuclear cells and HDL cholesterol concentration has been found. Our study suggests that decrease in the ABCG1 gene expression in macrophages is associated with atherosclerosis.

[Comparative analysis of the early postoperative period in patients with postoperative ventral hernias after different nonstrain hernioplastic techniques application].

The article presents the research of the early postoperative period in 64 patients with postoperative ventral hernias who underwent the operation by two different ways. The method of patch applied on the hernial orifice was used in 30 cases. In these cases prosthesis contacted with hypoderm. The modified way of Toskin-Zhebrovskiy was carried out in 34 patients. In these cases the prosthesis was isolated from hypoderm using the hernia bag flap. It was shown, that the frequency of seromas formation was significantly less in comparison with standard method of nonstrain hernioplasty in early postoperative period. Given method allowed shortening the terms of inpatient treatment on 3 days.

[ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels in M-CSF-activated macrophages from patients with arterial stenosis].

ABCA1 transporter is one of the key factors defining the level of antiatherogenic HDL in plasma. It is actively involved in the removal of cholesterol from peripheral tissues by reverse cholesterol transport. However, the influence of the level of ABCA1 mRNA and the level of ABCA1 protein 1 in macrophages in atherosclerosis remains unexplored. Using real time PCR we determined ABCA1 mRNA level in macrophages cultured for 5 days with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). ABCA1 mRNA levels in macrophages from patients with arterial stenosis were increased when compared with the control group, P = 0.04. According to a Western blot analysis ABCA1 protein level in macrophages from patients was significantly lower than in the control group, P = 0.01. Our results suggest that the level of ABCA1 mRNA and level of ABCA1 protein in macrophages may be important factors in the development of atherosclerosis.

[Frequency of drug resistance and immune escape mutations in the hepatitis B virus genome detected in pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea].

The aim of the work is to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus drug resistance mutations and immune escape mutations in pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood plasma samples obtained from 480 pregnant women from different regions of the Republic of Guinea with laboratory-confirmed viral hepatitis B were studied. Nucleotide sequences for genotype identification and mutation detection were obtained using nested-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing, based on overlapping pairs of primers spanning the complete genome of the virus. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In the examined group, the viral genotype E was the most prevalent (92.92%) compared with subgenotypes A1 (1.67%), A3 (1.46%), D1 (0.63%), D2 (1.04%) and D3 (2.29%). Among the examined HBV-infected pregnant women, 188 (39.17%) had undetectable HBsAg. Drug resistance mutations were detected in 33 individuals, which amounted to 6.88%. The following mutations were found: S78T (27.27%), L80I (24.24%), S202I (15.15%), M204I/V (42.42%). The presence of polymorphic variants not described as drug resistant has also been shown in positions associated with the development of drug resistance to tenofovir, lamivudine, telbivudine and entecavir (L80F, S202I, M204R). When analyzing the MHR and the region of a determinant, mutations were detected in 318 (66.25%) of pregnant women. In 172 of them, which amounted to 54.09%, multiple mutations were found. The amino acid substitutions in 13 positions associated with HBsAg-negative hepatitis B and/or potentially affecting HBsAg antigenicity were identified. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of immune escape and drug resistance mutations potentially associated with false-negative result of HBsAg screening, prophylaxis failure, and virological failure of therapy that has been identified among treatment naive pregnant women imposes a serious problem.

[Long-term results of using mononuclear fraction of autologous bone marrow cells in complex surgical treatment of patients with heart valve failure].

The article is devoted to long-term results of pilot clinical investigation of using mononuclear fraction of autologous bone marrow cells as an additional procedure to standard surgical treatment of heart valve failure in order to improve local perfusion and contractive ability of the myocardium. The article presents results of an analysis of findings of the examination of 7 living patients within 6 years or 7 years after operation as also data of pathologicoanatomical investigation of three dead patients. The data obtained show the safety and effectiveness of this method of cell therapy in patients with heart valve failure.

Bench tests of a helium ion source for the neutral particle diagnostic system of the ITER tokamak.

Bench tests of a 15 keV helium ion source, which has been developed for the neutral particle diagnostic system of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), are described. Being part of the diagnostic system, the ion source will be used to monitor the intactness of carbon stripping foils as well as to check the detection and dispersion systems of the main diagnostic instruments-neutral particle analyzers (NPAs). The ion source produces a wide 5-cm diameter (FWHM) ion beam at a distance of about 50 cm; the ion beam uniformity at a 2-cm area corresponding to the size of the stripping foil is not worse than 10%. The beam current over the area of the stripping foil can be adjusted in the range of 0.1 pA-1 pA. After initial heating, the temporal stability of the ion beam is better than 10%. Pulse height measurements of registered signals show that 15 keV He+ ions can be reliably registered by the NPA detector system. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the developed ion source can provide a reliable check of the NPA system during the diagnostic performance on the ITER tokamak.

Update of ion-optical system of neutral beam of Tokamak à Configuration Variable.

An injector of fast deuterium atoms for plasma heating was designed and installed at the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV). The neutral beam can deliver 1 MW power to the plasma in 2 s pulses. An ion beam of the injector is formed by a triode multislit ion-optical system with spherical electrodes which provide ballistic focusing. Tests at TCV revealed that the total angular divergence of the neutral beam across the slits exceeded the expected value more than twice. It was finally established that this increase in divergence was caused by the asymmetry of the chamfers at the slit edges of the plasma electrode. The redesigned shape of the slits of the plasma grid together with precise machining significantly improved the beam quality. Experimental testing proved that the neutral beam profile in the direction across the grid slits became very close to the expected value.

Formation of an ion beam in an elementary cell with inhomogeneous emission current density.

A well-known Pierce solution that allows focusing a beam of charged particles using properly shaped electrodes outside the beam aperture is generalized to the case of an accelerating system with inhomogeneous emission current density. It is shown that the defocusing effect of the space charge can, in principle, be evenly compensated over the entire cross section of the beam. In contrast to the beam with a uniform emission current density, both the electric potential and the transverse electric field must be controlled along the beam boundary in order to eliminate the angular divergence. However, eliminating the angular spread evenly across the beam constitutes a mathematically ill-posed problem which needs to be solved with the use of one or another method of regularization. An alternative way of diminishing beam emittance is proposed for the beam where the emission current is uniform across the entire aperture except for a narrow beam edge layer and a simple formula for the Pierce electrodes is derived. Numerical simulation has proved the reasonable accuracy of our analytical theory.

Beam formation by ion optical system with slit finite length apertures.

Ion beam formation by four-electrode ion optical system with slit finite length apertures is considered. Results of numerical simulations by two and three dimensional codes shown that accurate ion beam formation in slit aperture with semicircular ends can be provided. In experimental studies of beam formation in single slit ion optical system angular beam divergences of 0.53 degrees across the slit and 0.35 degrees along it were measured. Studied slit ion optical system will be used for ion beam formation in diagnostic neutral injector for large W-7X stellarator.

First experimental results from 2 MeV proton tandem accelerator for neutron production.

A 2 MeV proton tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation was developed and first experiments are carried out in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk). The accelerator is designed for neutron production via reaction (7)Li(p,n)(7)Be for the boron neutron-capture therapy of the brain tumors, and for explosive detection based on 9.1724 MeV resonance gamma, which are produced via reaction (13)C(p,gamma)(14)N, absorption in nitrogen.

[The influence of myocardial perfusion on the course of postoperative period in patients operated on for valvular heart disease].

The interrelation between the course of the early postoperative period and myocardial perfusion was studied in 48 patients. Its condition was determined before surgical correction of the valvular disease by the method of single-photon emission computed tomography with a radiopharmaceutical preparation Technetril. It was found that although all the examined patients had impaired myocardial perfusion, 15 (32%) of them had no clinical symptoms of ischemic syndrome. In patients with marked disturbances of myocardial perfusion the early postoperative period was considerably more severe as compared with the patients having mild disturbances of the myocardial perfusion.

[Intracardial transplantation of mononuclear cells of the autologous bone marrow in complex treatment of patients with valvular heart diseases].

The authors present the first clinical experience with intramyocardial transplantation of the mononuclear fraction of cells of the autologous bone marrow in complex surgical treatment of 10 patients with valvular heart disease. The cellular transplantation was fulfilled intraoperatively when making a prosthetic mitral (5 patients) and aortal (5 patients) valves on the open heart under conditions of extracorporeal circulation. Simultaneously direct revascularization of the myocardium (aorto-coronary and mammary-coronary shunts) was performed in 4 patients (1--with a mitral and 3--with aortal heart diseases). An investigation of the results of the examination including ECG, EchoCG and investigation of the myocardium perfusion using one-photon emission computed tomography fulfilled in the early postoperative period and within 6-12 months after operation has shown that the cell cardiomyoplasty with mononuclear fraction of cells of the autologous bone marrow improves the myocardium perfusion, however, in the early postoperative period the appearance of transitory impairments of the heart rate is possible.

Note: Arc discharge plasma source with plane segmented LaB6 cathode.

A plane cathode composed of close-packed hexagonal LaB6 (lanthanum hexaboride) segments is described. The 6 cm diameter circular cathode is heated by radiation from a graphite foil flat spiral. The cathode along with a hollow copper anode is used for the arc discharge plasma production in a newly developed linear plasma device. A separately powered coil located around the anode is used to change the magnetic field strength and geometry in the anode region. Different discharge regimes were realized using this coil.

Multi-slit triode ion optical system with ballistic beam focusing.

Multi-slit triode ion-optical systems with spherical electrodes are of interest for formation of intense focused neutral beams for plasma heating. At present, two versions of focusing multi-slit triode ion optical system are developed. The first ion optical system forms the proton beam with 15 keV energy, 140 A current, and 30 ms duration. The second ion optical system is intended for heating neutral beam injector of Tokamak Configuration Variable (TCV). The injector produces focused deuterium neutral beam with 35 keV energy, 1 MW power, and 2 s duration. In the later case, the angular beam divergence of the neutral beam is 20-22 mrad in the direction across the slits of the ion optical system and 12 mrad in the direction along the slits.

Low energy, high power hydrogen neutral beam for plasma heating.

A high power, relatively low energy neutral beam injector was developed to upgrade of the neutral beam system of the gas dynamic trap device and C2-U experiment. The ion source of the injector produces a proton beam with the particle energy of 15 keV, current of up to 175 A, and pulse duration of a few milliseconds. The plasma emitter of the ion source is produced by superimposing highly ionized plasma jets from an array of four arc-discharge plasma generators. A multipole magnetic field produced with permanent magnets at the periphery of the plasma box is used to increase the efficiency and improve the uniformity of the plasma emitter. Multi-slit grids with 48% transparency are fabricated from bronze plates, which are spherically shaped to provide geometrical beam focusing. The focal length of the Ion Optical System (IOS) is 3.5 m and the initial beam diameter is 34 cm. The IOS geometry and grid potentials were optimized numerically to ensure accurate beam formation. The measured angular divergences of the beam are ±0.01 rad parallel to the slits and ±0.03 rad in the transverse direction.

[Effect of cytomedins on development of organotypic culture of various tissues from the internal organs of rats]. / Vliianie tsitomedinov na razvitie organotipicheskoi kul'tury razlichnykh tkanei vnutrennikh organov krysy.

Some natural peptides, referred to as cytomedines, were isolated from different organs: cortexin and epithalamin (both from the brain), cordialin (heart), hepalin (liver) and thymalin (thymus),--to test their stimulating effects on the growth in organotypic culture of different tissue explants taken from 3 day old rats. It has been found that these peptides exerted their obvious stimulating effects on the growth of the cultured explants, compared to the control, if taken in the respective concentrations: 100, 50, 50, 100 and 5 ng/ml. Thus, these cytomedins can be used in the clinical practice for stimulating reparative processes in the appropriate tissues.