RESUMO
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) identify a large family of RNAs that do not encode proteins and represent an important group of tumor biomarkers, directly involved in the process of tumor pathogenesis and progression. Many of them have also been identified in biological fluids of patients with cancer, especially blood, suggesting their role as an emerging class of circulating biomarkers. Many ncRNAs, both miRNAs and lncRNAs, are deregulated in sarcoma tissues, with the most consistent data in osteosarcomas. In patients with osteosarcoma, the role of ncRNAs as circulating biomarkers is taking enormous value, above all for their ability to vary expression levels during disease progression and in response to therapy. In this mini-review, we summarize the main studies supporting the role of circulating ncRNAs in monitoring disease status in patients with osteosarcoma.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Osteossarcoma/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/sangue , RNA não Traduzido/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , MicroRNAs/sangue , MicroRNAs/genética , Osteossarcoma/sangue , Osteossarcoma/patologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA não Traduzido/sangueRESUMO
Dacarbazine is an important drug in the therapeutic landscape of leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Alkylating agents are subjected to resistance mechanisms based on anti-apoptotic pathways and repair mechanisms, including the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). In this retrospective study, the methylation status of the MGMT promoter in histological tumor samples from patients with LMS, dacarbazine-based regimens-treated, was measured and correlated with clinical outcomes aimed at optimizing the use of dacarbazine in soft tissue sarcomas. The patients with unmethylated MGMT had better outcomes than those with methylated MGMT. Patients without MGMT methylation had better Progression Free Survival (PFS) when aged ≥62 years compared to those aged <62 years, while PFS of patients with methylated MGMT was less favorable independently of age (p = 0.0054). The patients without a methylated MGMT gene had higher Disease control rate (DCR). These results are not in agreement with the role of the methylated MGMT gene in other tumors, and with this study, we demonstrated the correlation between methylated MGMT and poor prognosis; despite that, sample smallness, heterogeneity of LMS and of treatment history could be selection bias. Predictive markers of response to chemotherapies in sarcomas remain an unmet need.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Leiomiossarcoma , Humanos , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Dacarbazina/uso terapêutico , DNA , Metilação de DNA/genética , Metilases de Modificação do DNA/genética , Metilases de Modificação do DNA/uso terapêutico , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/genética , Leiomiossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Leiomiossarcoma/genética , Metiltransferases/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Temozolomida/farmacologia , Temozolomida/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
One case of a primary clear cell sarcoma of the sternum (also called soft tissue melanoma) is reported. This neoplasm represents a rare occurrence, and as a rule, differential diagnosis with melanoma often requires detailed immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic analysis (ie, rearrangement of EWS gene localized on 22q12 chromosome). Because wide resection is recommended, chest wall reconstruction may pose challenging technical issues. In our patient, we elected not to proceed to clavicular stabilization. Nevertheless, acceptable shoulder girdle mobility was observed after surgery.