RESUMO
LPLRFamide is a member of the RFamide peptide family that elicits an anorexigenic effect when centrally injected in chicks although the mechanism mediating this response is poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to elucidate the hypothalamic mechanism of short-term anorexia after central administration of LPLRFamide in chicks. In Experiment 1 chicks centrally injected with LPLRFamide decreased food intake at 15min but not 30min following administration compared to vehicle-injected chicks. For Experiment 2, c-Fos immunoreactivity was quantified in several appetite-associated hypothalamic nuclei and in LPLRF-injected chicks, compared to vehicle-injected chicks, there was an increase in the number of reactive cells in the magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus. Lastly in Experiment 3, real time-PCR was performed and hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA abundance was increased in LPRLFamide-injected chicks compared to vehicle-injected chicks. Thus, following central injection of LPLRFamide there is activation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and increased expression of hypothalamic POMC mRNA in chicks.
Assuntos
Anorexia/metabolismo , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Paraventricular/efeitos dos fármacos , Pró-Opiomelanocortina/genética , Animais , Anorexia/tratamento farmacológico , Galinhas , Hipotálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Injeções Intraventriculares , Oligopeptídeos/administração & dosagem , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Paraventricular/metabolismo , Pró-Opiomelanocortina/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
The expert witness is a well known legal role, which conjures up images of a glowering judge and fierce cross-examination by a Rumpole of the Bailey-style barrister. Nick Deal is a barrister who works for Bond Solon, a company that provides training for expert witnesses. Here, he considers some of the points raised during a course for pathologists at the Royal Veterinary College.