Patient-specific vaccines derived from autologous tumor cell lines as active specific immunotherapy: results of exploratory phase I/II trials in patients with metastatic melanoma.

Seventy-four (74) patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with patient-specific vaccines derived from autologous tumor cell lines. Cryopreserved irradiated tumor cells were injected weekly for 3 weeks, then monthly for 5 months. At a median follow up >6 years, the median event-free survival (EFS) was 4.5 months, with 13 patients alive and progression free 6-12 years later. Median overall survival (OS) was 20.5 months, with 29% 5-year OS. Tumor response rate was 9% among the 35 patients with evaluable disease who received at least 3 injections. Better survival was observed for patients who had minimal rather than clinically evident metastatic disease at the time vaccine therapy was initiated (5-yr OS 47% vs. 13%; p < 0.0001), received granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and/or interferon gamma as an adjuvant (5-yr EFS 26% vs. 0%; p < 0.0001) or received an average of <7 million cells for each of the first 3 injections, compared to those who received 7-11.9 million or >12 million cells per injection (5-yr EFS OS 35% vs. 24%; p = 0.041 and p = 0.034). There was a trend toward better EFS for those who had a positive delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to an intradermal injection of 1 million irradiated tumor cells at baseline, or converted to positive after 3 injections, compared to those whose DTH remained negative (5-yr EFS 39% vs. 18%; p = 0.159). This treatment approach is feasible, produces minimal toxicity, and is associated with longterm survival in a significant proportion of patients.

Etiology and severity of community acquired pneumonia in children from Uruguay: a 4-year study

O estudo de quatro anos de duracao (1987-1990) abarcou as principais caracteristicas clinico-epidemiologicas de pneumonia em criancas, tal como foi diagnosticado no servico de emergencia do Hospital Infantil, e tambem as etiologias e fatores implicados nos casos mais severos. Determinou-se a etiologia em 47.7 por cento dos 541 casos de pneumonia, que incluiam 283 patogenos, dos quais 38.6 por cento eram virus e 12.6 por cento bacterias. Observou-se etiologia viral e mista mais frequentemente nas criancas de menos de 12 meses. A etiologia prevaleceu nas idades entre 6 e 23 meses. Com relacao aos virus, a predominancia foi de RSV com prevalencia de 66 por cento do total de virus. Os mais importantes agentes bacterianos foram S. pneumoniae (64 por cento) e H. influenzae (19 por cento)....

Caracteres biológicos de Hemophilus influenzae aislado de diferentes poblaciones infantiles / Biological characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from different infantile populations

Las características biológicas de Hemophilus influenzae aisladas de áreas normalmente estériles o de la orofaringe de niños, no han sido descritas en el Uruguay. Esta información tiene importante implicancia en la comprensión de la patogenia de esas infecciones y en los requisitos para lograr una vacuna adecuada. Con tal fin se determinaron los serotipos y biotipos en 54.3 por ciento de las cepas aisladas entre 1986 y 1992. Además en la totalidad de las cepas conservadas (n=311) se investigó la producción de ß lactamasas. Se demostró que la resistecia a los ß lactámicos era poco frecuente (5.9 por ciento ). Las cepas invasivas, recuperadas de la sangre, derrame pleural o LCR, pertenecían en su mayoría, al serotipo b y al biotipo I (83.4 por ciento ). En las infecciones del oído medio predominaron los H. influenzae no tipificables, así como entre las cepas que colonizaban la orofaringe de pacientes y niños sanos, pero en estos casos los biotipos fueron diversos, con 38 por ciento correspondiendo al biotipo II. Las vacunas conjugadas conteniendo polisacárido capsular del serotipo b, prevendrían los cuadros invasivos, pero no se lograría el control de infecciones por otros serotipos y por cepas no tipificables