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Emerging evidence points out that the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) to nitrogen (N) addition differ along the soil profile, highlighting the importance of synthesizing results from different soil layers. Here, using a global meta-analysis, we found that N addition significantly enhanced topsoil (0-30 cm) SOC by 3.7% (±1.4%) in forests and grasslands. In contrast, SOC in the subsoil (30-100 cm) initially increased with N addition but decreased over time. The model selection analysis revealed that experimental duration and vegetation type are among the most important predictors across a wide range of climatic, environmental, and edaphic variables. The contrasting responses of SOC to N addition indicate the importance of considering deep soil layers, particularly for long-term continuous N deposition. Finally, the lack of depth-dependent SOC responses to N addition in experimental and modeling frameworks has likely resulted in the overestimation of changes in SOC storage under enhanced N deposition.
Assuntos
Carbono , Solo , Carbono/análise , Nitrogênio/análise , Florestas , Sequestro de Carbono , ChinaRESUMO
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness among working-age adults. Pericyte loss is an early pathological feature of DR. Under hyperglycemic conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increases, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Dysfunctional pericyte can cause retinal vascular leakage, obliteration, and neovascularization. Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) is a mitochondrial glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase which protects cells against oxidative insults by safeguarding mitochondrial function. Whether Grx2 plays a protective role in diabetes-induced microvascular dysfunction remains unclear. Our findings revealed that diabetes-related stress reduced Grx2 expression in pericytes, but not in endothelial cells. Grx2 knock-in ameliorated diabetes-induced microvascular dysfunction in vivo DR models. Decreased Grx2 expression led to significant pericyte apoptosis, and pericyte dysfunction, namely reduced pericyte recruitment towards endothelial cells and increased endothelial cell permeability. Conversely, upregulating Grx2 reversed these effects. Furthermore, Grx2 regulated pericyte apoptosis by modulating complex I activity, which is crucial for pericyte mitochondrial function. Overall, our study uncovered a novel mechanism whereby high glucose inhibited Grx2 expression in vivo and in vitro. Grx2 downregulation exacerbated pericyte apoptosis, pericyte dysfunction, and retinal vascular dysfunction by inactivating complex I and mediating mitochondrial dysfunction in pericytes.
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Two strains, designated as SYSU M80004T and SYSU M80005T, were isolated from water sampled in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. The strains were Gram-stain-negative and aerobic. Strain SYSU M80004T could grow at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 22-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0-1â% NaCl (w/v; optimum 0â%). Strain SYSU M80005T could grow at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 4-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0-1â% NaCl (w/v; optimum 0%). Both strains contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. C16â:â0 and iso-C15â:â0 were identified as the major fatty acids (>10â%) of strain SYSU M80004T while strain SYSU M80005T contained iso-C15â:â0 and iso-C17â:â0 3-OH as major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was present as the major polar lipid in both strains. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between these two strains and their closest relatives were 73.5-79.3â% and 19.6-23.2â%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequences indicated they belonged to the genus Flavobacterium. Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genomic evidence, two novel species, Flavobacterium adhaerens sp. nov. (type strain=SYSU M80004T=CDMCC 1.4522T=KCTC 102268T) and Flavobacterium maritimum sp. nov. (type strain=SYSU M80005T=CGMCC 1.4523T= KCTC 102269T) are proposed.
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Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano , Estuários , Ácidos Graxos , Flavobacterium , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfatidiletanolaminas , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Rios , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vitamina K 2 , Flavobacterium/genética , Flavobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Flavobacterium/classificação , China , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/análise , Ácidos Graxos/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Rios/microbiologia , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
Multiple infections enable the recombination of different strains, which may contribute to viral diversity. How multiple infections affect the competition dynamics between the two types of strains, the wild and the immune escape mutant, remains poorly understood. This study develops a novel mathematical model that includes the two strains, two modes of viral infection, and multiple infections. For the representative double-infection case, the reproductive numbers are derived and global stabilities of equilibria are obtained via the Lyapunov direct method and theory of limiting systems. Numerical simulations indicate similar viral dynamics regardless of multiplicities of infections though the competition between the two strains would be the fiercest in the case of quadruple infections. Through sensitivity analysis, we evaluate the effect of parameters on the set-point viral loads in the presence and absence of multiple infections. The model with multiple infections predict that there exists a threshold for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to minimize the overall viral load. Weak or strong CTLs immune response can result in high overall viral load. If the strength of CTLs maintains at an intermediate level, the fitness cost of the mutant is likely to have a significant impact on the evolutionary dynamics of mutant viruses. We further investigate how multiple infections alter the viral dynamics during the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The results show that viral loads may be underestimated during cART if multiple-infection is not taken into account.
Assuntos
Simulação por Computador , Infecções por HIV , Evasão da Resposta Imune , Conceitos Matemáticos , Modelos Biológicos , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos , Carga Viral , Humanos , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Evasão da Resposta Imune/imunologia , Coinfecção/imunologia , Coinfecção/virologia , HIV-1/imunologia , HIV-1/genética , Número Básico de Reprodução/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Imunológicos , MutaçãoRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus shikimate dehydrogenase (SaSDH) plays a crucial role in the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), but absent in mammals and therefore a potential target for antibacterial drugs to treat drug-resistant S. aureus infection. In this study, a 3D model of SaSDH was constructed by homology modelling and inhibitors of SaSDH were screened through virtual screening. (-)-Gallocatechin gallate and rhodiosin were identified as inhibitors with Kis of 2.47 µM and 73.38 µM, respectively. Molecular docking and isothermal titration calorimetry showed that both inhibitors interact with SaSDH with a KD of 44.65 µM for (-)-gallocatechin gallate and 16.45 µM for rhodiosin. Both inhibitors had antibacterial activity, showing MICs of 50 µg/mL for (-)-gallocatechin gallate and 250 µg/mL for rhodiosin against S. aureus. The current findings have the potential for identification of drugs to treat S. aureus infections by targeting SaSDH.
Assuntos
Oxirredutases do Álcool , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Animais , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , MamíferosRESUMO
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that causes nephrosis, including acute kidney injury. To prevent and treat acute kidney injury (AKI) following Cd exposure, a tripeptide, Ser-Arg-Pro (SRP), from Sipunculus nudus L. was employed, and its potential efficacy in AKI was assessed. Oral administration of SRP significantly alleviated Cd-induced kidney damage, leading to improved renal function and the attenuation of structural abnormalities. A network pharmacology analysis revealed the potential of SRP in renal protection by targeting various pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, inflammatory response, and apoptosis pathways. Mechanistic studies indicated that SRP achieves renal protection by inhibiting the activation of MAPK pathways (phosphorylation of p38, p56, ERK, and JNK) in the oxidative stress cascade, suppressing inflammatory responses (iNOS, Arg1, Cox2, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6), and restoring altered apoptosis factors (caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2). Hence, SRP has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda , Apoptose , Cádmio , Oligopeptídeos , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Injúria Renal Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Cádmio/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Farmacologia em RedeRESUMO
Introducing N2 -fixing tree species into Eucalyptus plantations could replace nitrogen (N) fertilization to maintain high levels of N consumption and productivity. However, N enrichment may exacerbate phosphorus (P) limitation as Eucalyptus robusta Smith is extensively planted in P-poor tropical and subtropical soils. We conducted a field experiment in a pure plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis to investigate the impacts of N fertilization and introduced an N2 -fixing tree of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen on soil P transformation. Nitrogen fertilization significantly enhanced soil occluded P pool and reduced the other P pools due to acidification-induced pH-sensitive geochemical processes, lowering Eucalyptus leaf P concentration with higher N : P ratio. By contrast, introduced N2 -fixing tree species did not change soil pH, labile inorganic P pool, and Eucalyptus leaf N : P ratio, even enhanced organic P pools and reduced occluded P pool probably due to altering microbial community composition particularly stimulating arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal abundance. Our results revealed differential responses and mechanistic controls of soil P transformation in Eucalyptus plantations with N fertilization and introduced N2 -fixing tree species. The dissolution of occluded P pool along with organic P accumulation observed in the mixed plantations may represent a promising future to better manage soil P availability.
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Eucalyptus , Árvores , Árvores/fisiologia , Solo/química , Eucalyptus/fisiologia , Fósforo , Nitrogênio/análise , FertilizaçãoRESUMO
Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2), a mitochondrial glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase, is crucial for maintaining redox homeostasis and cellular functions in the lens. The oxidative stress-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is related to posterior capsule opacification. In this study, we investigated the effects of Grx2 on oxidative stress-induced EMT in LECs during posterior capsule opacification. We found that Grx2 expression was substantially decreased during the EMT of LECs and in a mouse model of cataract surgery. Deletion of Grx2 aggravated the generation of reactive oxygen species, including those that are mitochondria-derived, and promoted the proliferation and EMT of the LECs. This was reversed by Grx2 overexpression. In vivo, proteomic liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was significantly upregulated in the lens posterior capsule of a Grx2 knockout (KO) mouse model. Compared with that of the wild-type group, the expression of ILK and EMT markers was increased in the Grx2 KO group which was reversed in the Grx2 knock-in group. Inhibition of ILK partially blocked Grx2 knockdown-induced EMT and prevented the increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3ß and the nuclear translocation of ß-catenin in the Grx2 KO group. Finally, inhibition of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway partially blocked the Grx2 knockdown-induced EMT. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Grx2 protects LECs from oxidative stress-related EMT by regulating the ILK/Akt/GSK-3ß axis.
Assuntos
Opacificação da Cápsula , Cristalino , Animais , Camundongos , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Opacificação da Cápsula/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Glutarredoxinas/genética , Glutarredoxinas/metabolismo , Glutarredoxinas/farmacologia , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Cristalino/metabolismo , Camundongos Knockout , Estresse Oxidativo , Proteômica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
We studied the efficacy and safety of the combined treatment with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors and anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and subsequent PD-1 inhibitor maintenance treatment in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and high tumor burden. Forty-four R/R DLBCL patients with high tumor burden were enrolled in this study. The experimental group of 26 patients received combined therapy with PD-1 inhibitors and anti-CD19-CAR T cells, while the control group of 18 patients received anti-CD19-CAR T-cell therapy alone. The objective response rate (ORR) was 65.39% and 61.11% in the combination and control groups, respectively. The PD-1 inhibitor maintenance therapy was selected for patients who achieved complete response or partial response in the combination therapy group. Progression-free survival and overall survival rates in the combination group were higher than those in the control group 3 and 12 months after CAR T-cell infusion. There was no significant difference in the grade of cytokine release syndrome or immune effector cell associated neurotoxic syndrome between the two groups. In the maintenance therapy group, only eight patients experienced grade 1 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and three grade 2 CTCAE. Overall, we found that the ORR was not affected by the combination therapy with PD-1 inhibitors and anti-CD19-CAR T cells. However, patients who had achieved the ORR might benefit from PD-1 inhibitor maintenance therapy after combination therapy without increased side effects.
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Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos , Humanos , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Carga Tumoral , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Antígenos CD19 , Linfócitos T , ApoptoseRESUMO
Although anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has achieved satisfactory results in relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL), patients with R/R FL and high-risk disease characteristics, previous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, bulky disease, and progression of disease within 2 years (POD24) had a low complete response (CR). Twenty-seven patients with R/R FL, later disease stages, higher tumor burden, or higher previous treatment lines who had received Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors before anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy, or received BTK inhibitors as combination therapy, were included in this study. The clinical response and adverse events (AEs) in anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy were observed. All patients with R/R FL who received BTK inhibitors combined with anti-CD19-CAR T cell therapy had later disease stages, higher tumor burden, and higher treatment lines than those who did not receive BTK inhibitor combination therapy. However, no difference in the clinical response was found between the two groups. The clinical response in the POD24 group was lower than that in the non-POD24 group; however, no difference in the clinical response was found between the FL and transformed FL (tFL) groups, between the follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) 1 1-2 and FLIPI 1 3-5 groups, and between the FLIPI 2 1-2 and FLIPI 2 3-5 groups. The mean anti-CD19 CAR T cell peak was higher in the CAR-T group with BTK inhibitor than in the CAR-T group without BTK inhibitor. Meanwhile, a higher proportion of patients in the non-POD24 group, FL group, and PR group achieved CR after 2 months. No difference in cytokine secretion was found between the CAR-T group with and without BTK inhibitors. It was higher in the non-POD24 group, FLIPI 1 3-5 group, and FLIPI 2 3-5 group. No difference in cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxic syndrome grades was found between the CAR-T groups with or without BTK inhibitors and between the other groups. Poor prognostic factors, other than POD24, did not affect the clinical response to BTK inhibitors in combination with anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy in patients with R/R FL. Therefore, BTK inhibitors combined with anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy may be an effective and safe approach for patients with R/R FL and high-risk factors.Trial registration: The study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx as ChiCTR-ONN-16009862 and http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx as ChiCTR1800019622.
Assuntos
Linfoma Folicular , Linfoma não Hodgkin , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos , Humanos , Imunoterapia Adotiva/efeitos adversos , Linfoma Folicular/etiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/etiologia , Antígenos CD19RESUMO
Despite years of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV persists in infected individuals. The virus also rebounds after the cessation of cART. The sources contributing to viral persistence and rebound are not fully understood. When viral rebound occurs, what affects the time to rebound and how to delay the rebound remain unclear. In this paper, we started with the data fitting of an HIV infection model to the viral load data in treated and untreated humanized myeloid-only mice (MoM) in which macrophages serve as the target of HIV infection. By fixing the parameter values for macrophages from the MoM fitting, we fit a mathematical model including the infection of two target cell populations to the viral load data from humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) mice, in which both CD4+ T cells and macrophages are the target of HIV infection. Data fitting suggests that the viral load decay in BLT mice under treatment has three phases. The loss of infected CD4+ T cells and macrophages is a major contributor to the first two phases of viral decay, and the last phase may be due to the latent infection of CD4+ T cells. Numerical simulations using parameter estimates from the data fitting show that the pre-ART viral load and the latent reservoir size at treatment cessation can affect viral growth rate and predict the time to viral rebound. Model simulations further reveal that early and prolonged cART can delay the viral rebound after cessation of treatment, which may have implications in the search for functional control of HIV infection.
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Infecções por HIV , Camundongos , Animais , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Latência Viral , Macrófagos , Medula Óssea , Carga Viral , Linfócitos T CD4-PositivosRESUMO
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, ovoid-shaped and yellow-coloured strain, designated SYSU M79828T, was isolated from seawater collected from the South China Sea. Growth of this strain was observed at 4-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-6% NaCl (optimum, 3.0â%, w/v). The respiratory quinone was found to be Q-10. Major fatty acid constituents were C18â:â1 ω7c/C18â:â1 ω6c, C18â:â1 ω7c11-methyl and C18â:â0 (>5â% of total). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.5âmol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genes indicated that strain SYSU M79828T belonged to the genus Cereibacter and had the highest sequences similarity to 'Rhodobacter xinxiangensis' TJ48T (98.41â%). Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, physiological and chemotaxonomic characterizations, we consider that strain SYSU M79828T represents a novel species of the genus Cereibacter, for which the name Cereibacter flavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU M79828T (=GDMCC 1.3803T=KCTC 92893T). In addition, according to the results of phylogenetic analysis and similar taxonomic characteristics, we propose that Rhodobacter alkalitolerans should be reclassified as Cereibacter alkalitolerans comb. nov.
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Ácidos Graxos , Rhodobacteraceae , Ácidos Graxos/química , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Composição de Bases , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Rhodobacter , Água do Mar , ChinaRESUMO
A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped strain, designated SYSU M60031T, was isolated from a Pearl River Estuary sediment sample, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. The isolate could grow at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 25-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0-1â% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0â%). The predominant respiratory menaquinone of SYSU M60031T was MK-7. The cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophospholipid, and one unidentified aminolipid. The major fatty acids (>10â% of total) were iso-C14â:â0, iso-C15â:â0, anteiso-C15â:â0, iso-C16â:â0, and C16â:â0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 51.2â%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genes indicated that strain SYSU M60031T belonged to the genus Ectobacillus and showed the highest sequence similarity to Ectobacillus funiculus NAF001T (96.16%), followed by Ectobacillus antri SYSU K30001T (95.08â%). Based on the phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU M60031T should be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ectobacillus, for which the name Ectobacillus ponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel isolate is SYSU M60031T (=CGMCC 1.19243T =NBRC 115614T).
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Bacillaceae , Sedimentos Geológicos , Estuários , China , Bacillaceae/química , Bacillaceae/isolamento & purificação , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Filogenia , Genoma BacterianoRESUMO
A Gram-staining negative, aerobic, motile, and short rods strain, designated SYSU M60028T, was isolated from a Pearl River sediment sample in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. The isolate could be able to grow at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 25-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and in the presence of 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0% NaCl). The cellular polar lipids of this strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified lipids. The respiratory quinone of SYSU M60028T was found to be Q-10. The major fatty acids (> 5% of total) were summed feature 8, C16:0, and C18:1 ω7c 11-methy1. The genomic DNA G + C content was 69.9%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genes indicated that strain SYSU M60028T belonged to the genus Alsobacter and had the highest sequences similarities to Alsobacter metallidurans SK200a-9T (96.87%) and Alsobacter soli SH9T (96.87%). Based on the phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU M0028T should be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Alsobacter, for which the name Alsobacter ponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU M60028T (= CGMCC 1.19341T = KCTC 92046T).
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Fosfolipídeos , Rios , Fosfolipídeos/química , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Rios/microbiologia , Desnitrificação , Cloreto de Sódio , Ubiquinona/química , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Ácidos Graxos/química , Sulfatos , Análise de Sequência de DNA , DNA Bacteriano/genéticaRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on human Periodontal Ligament Cells (hPDLCs) under tension stress. Primary hPDLCs were obtained using the tissue culture method, and P3 cells were utilized for the subsequent experiments. The study comprised four groups: a blank control group (Group B), a laser irradiation group (Group L), a tension stress group (Group T), and a laser + tension stress group (Group LT). Mechanical loading was applied using an in-vitro cell stress loading device at a frequency of 0.5 Hz and deformation of 2% for two hours per day for two days. Laser irradiation at 808 nm GaAlAs laser was administered 1 h after force loading. Cell samples were collected after the experiment. Bone and fiber remodeling factors were analyzed using PCR and Western blot. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the cell cycle, while ROS and Ca2+ levels were measured using a multifunctional enzyme labeling instrument. The results revealed that laser intervention under tension stress inhibited the expression of osteogenic differentiation factors, promoted the expression of osteoclast differentiation factors, and significantly increased the production of collagen factors, MMPs, and TIMPs. The LT group exhibited the most active cell cycle (P < 0.05). LLLT not only enhanced Ca2+ expression in hPDLCs under tension stress, but also stimulated the production of ROS. Overall, our findings demonstrate that LLLT effectively accelerated the proliferation of hPDLCs and the remodeling of periodontal tissue, possibly through the regulation of ROS and Ca2+ levels in hPDLCs.
Assuntos
Osteogênese , Ligamento Periodontal , Humanos , Células Cultivadas , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Lasers , Diferenciação CelularRESUMO
Litsea cubeba is a characteristic woody oil resource in Hunan. As a solid waste of woody oil resources, Litsea cubeba kernels are rich in Litsea cubeba kernel oil with a carbon chain length of C10-12 fatty acid. In this work, aliphatic hydroxamic acids (AHAs) with carbon chain lengths of C10-12 were prepared from Litsea cubeba kernel oil via methylation and hydroximation reactions. The adsorption and hydrophobicity mechanism of AHA towards wolframite was explored by contact angle, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The flotation results demonstrated that AHA was a superior collector than the traditional collector such as benzoyl hydroxamic acid (BHA). Zeta potential and contact angle results have shown that AHA was adsorbed on the surface of the Fe(III)-activated wolframite in its anionic form, which significantly improved the surface hydrophobicity of wolframite. FTIR and XPS revealed that AHA was chemically adsorbed on the surface of Fe(III)-activated wolframite in the form of a five-member ring, which made the hydrophobic chain reach into the solution, come in contact with bubbles, and achieve flotation separation.
RESUMO
As a common harmful pollutant, cadmium (Cd) can easily enter the human body through the food chain, posing a major threat to human health. Gut microbiota play a key role in Cd absorption. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is thought to have a potential role in the treatment of Cd poisoning. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of DHA in Cd-exposed mice from the perspective of the gut microbiota. The results showed that DHA significantly increased the Cd content in feces and decreased the Cd accumulation in the organs of mice. The gut microbiota results showed that DHA significantly restored the abundance of Parabacteroides in the gut microbiota of Cd-exposed mice. Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis), a representative strain of the Parabacteroides, also showed Cd- and toxicity-reduction capabilities. P. distasonis significantly restored the gut damage caused by Cd exposure. At the same time, P. distasonis reduced the Cd content in the liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, gut, and blood to varying degrees and significantly increased the Cd content in feces. The succinic acid produced by P. distasonis plays an important role in promoting Cd excretion in Cd-exposed mice. Therefore, these results suggest that P. distasonis may have a potential role in DHA-mediated Cd excretion in Cd-exposed mice.
Assuntos
Líquidos Corporais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Cádmio/toxicidade , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/farmacologia , FezesRESUMO
With the widespread use of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas) technologies in plants, large-scale genome editing is increasingly needed. Here, we developed a geminivirus-mediated surrogate system, called Wheat Dwarf Virus-Gate (WDV-surrogate), to facilitate high-throughput genome editing. WDV-Gate has two parts: one is the recipient callus from a transgenic rice line expressing Cas9 and a mutated hygromycin-resistant gene (HygM) for surrogate selection; the other is a WDV-based construct expressing two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting HygM and a gene of interest, respectively. We evaluated WDV-Gate on six rice loci by producing a total of 874 T0 plants. Compared with the conventional method, the WDV-Gate system, which was characterized by a transient and high level of sgRNA expression, significantly increased editing frequency (66.8% vs. 90.1%), plantlet regeneration efficiency (2.31-fold increase), and numbers of homozygous-edited plants (36.3% vs. 70.7%). Large-scale editing using pooled sgRNAs targeting the SLR1 gene resulted in a high editing frequency of 94.4%, further demonstrating its feasibility. We also tested WDV-Gate on sequence knock-in for protein tagging. By co-delivering a chemically modified donor DNA with the WDV-Gate plasmid, 3xFLAG peptides were successfully fused to three loci with an efficiency of up to 13%. Thus, by combining transiently expressed sgRNAs and a surrogate selection system, WDV-Gate could be useful for high-throughput gene knock-out and sequence knock-in.
Assuntos
Edição de Genes , Oryza , Edição de Genes/métodos , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Oryza/genética , Genoma de Planta , Plantas/genéticaRESUMO
This study compared the changes in chemical components during the processing of different types of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(ALRP) in "Jianchang" faction, i.e., dried ginger-steamed ALRP pieces(Yin-FP), sand-fried ALRP pieces(Yang-FP), and rice swill water-bleached ALRP pieces(DFP), and provided a scientific basis for the mechanism in toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement from a compositional perspective. Samples were collected during the processing of the three types of ALRP pieces, yielding raw ALRP pieces, water-bleached Yin-FP, ginger juice-moistened Yin-FP, steamed Yin-FP, water-bleached Yang-FP, sand-fried Yang-FP, water-bleached DFP, rice swill water-bleached DFP, and roasted DFP. Aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconine, aconine, mesaconine, hypaconine, salsolinol, fuziline, and higenamine in the extracts were determined by UPLC-MS/MS, and then content analysis and cluster heatmap analysis were performed on 11 sets of samples. During the processing of the three types of ALRP pieces, bleaching significantly reduced the content of 12 alkaloids; steaming, stir-frying, and roasting significantly reduced the content of diester-type alkaloids(aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine) and significantly increased the content of monoester-type alkaloids(benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine, and benzoylhypaconine) and aminoalcohol-type alkaloids(aconine, mesaconine, and hypaconine). During the processing of Yin-FP, the diester-type alkaloids continuously decreased, while the monoester-type and aminoalcohol-type alkaloids showed an initial decrease followed by an increase. During the processing of Yin-FP, Yang-FP, and DFP, the diester-type alkaloids continuously decreased, while the monoester-type and aminoalcohol-type alkaloids showed an initial decrease followed by an increase. Steamed Yin-FP showed a higher increase in content than fried Yang-FP and roasted DFP. Comprehensive analysis of content differences in toxic and therapeutic components in three ALRP pieces suggests that the distinctive processing methods in "Jianchang" faction can indeed achieve detoxification and efficacy enhancement on ALRP. This study provides references for understanding the mechanisms of action of the three processing methods.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Oryza , Zingiber officinale , Aconitina/análise , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Areia , Espectrometria de Massa com Cromatografia Líquida , Cromatografia Líquida , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Alcaloides/análise , VaporRESUMO
Integrating a molecular catalyst with a light harvester into a photocatalyst is an effective strategy for solar light conversion. However, it is challenging to establish a crystallized framework with well-organized connections that favour charge separation and transfer. Herein, we report the heterogenization of a Salen metal complex molecular catalyst into a rigid covalent organic framework (COF) through covalent linkage with the light-harvesting unit of pyrene for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The chemically conjugated bonds between the two units contribute to fast photogenerated electron transfer and thereby promote the proton reduction reaction. The Salen cobalt-based COF showed the best hydrogen evolution activity (1378â µmol g-1 h-1 ), which is superior to the previously reported nonnoble metal based COF photocatalysts. This work provides a strategy to construct atom-efficient photocatalysts by the heterogenization of molecular catalysts into covalent organic frameworks.