Characteristics, Outcomes, and Predictability of Critically Ill Obstetric Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pregnant/postpartum patients requiring ICUs admission in Argentina, describe characteristics of mothers and outcomes for mothers/babies, evaluate risk factors for maternal-fetal-neonatal mortality; and compare outcomes between patients admitted to public and private health sectors. DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective, national cohort study. SETTING: Twenty ICUs in Argentina (public, 8 and private, 12). PATIENTS: Pregnant/postpartum (< 42 d) patients admitted to ICU. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-two patients were recruited, 51% from the public health sector and 49% from the private. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II was 8 (4-12); predicted/observed mortality, 7.6%/3.6%; hospital length of stay, 7 days (5-13 d); and fetal-neonatal losses, 17%. Public versus private health sector patients: years of education, 9 ± 3 versus 15 ± 3; transferred from another hospital, 43% versus 12%; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, 9 (5-13.75) versus 7 (4-9); hospital length of stay, 10 days (6-17 d) versus 6 days (4-9 d); prenatal care, 75% versus 99.4%; fetal-neonatal losses, 25% versus 9% (p = 0.000 for all); and mortality, 5.4% versus 1.7% (p = 0.09). Complications in ICU were multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (34%), shock (28%), renal dysfunction (25%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (20%); all predominated in the public sector. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (during first 24 hr of admission) score of at least 6.5 presented the best discriminative power for maternal mortality. Independent predictors of maternal-fetal-neonatal mortality were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, education level, prenatal care, and admission to tertiary hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Patients spent a median of 7 days in hospital; 3.6% died. Maternal-fetal-neonatal mortality was determined not only by acuteness of illness but to social and healthcare aspects like education, prenatal control, and being cared in specialized hospitals. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (during first 24 hr of admission), easier to calculate than Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, was a better predictor of maternal outcome. Evident health disparities existed between patients admitted to public versus private hospitals: the former received less prenatal care, were less educated, were more frequently transferred from other hospitals, were sicker at admission, and developed more complications; maternal and fetal-neonatal mortality were higher. These findings point to the need of redesigning healthcare services to account for these inequities.

Hypertensive disease of pregnancy in the ICU: a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe characteristics, outcomes and clinical presentations for hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HDP) in patients admitted to three ICUs in Argentina. METHODS: Case-series multicenter study. RESULTS: There were 184 patients with HDP. Mean age 26 ± 8; 90% did not present comorbidity; APACHEII 9[6-14]; SOFA24 2[1-4]; ICU-LOS 3[2-6] days and hospital-LOS 8[5-12] days. Gestational age 34 ± 5 weeks; 46% (85) nulliparous and 71% received routine prenatal care. Maternal mortality 3.3% (6) - 50% attributed to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Neonatal mortality 13.6%. Diagnostic categories: eclampsia (64; 35%), severe preeclampsia (60; 32.6%), HELLP (33; 17.9%), eclampsia-HELLP (18; 9.8%) and other (chronic/gestational-hypertension) (9: 4.7%). Severe hypertension in 46%, multiple organ dysfunction in 23%, acute respiratory distress in 8.7% and acute renal failure in 8%. Variables independently associated with eclampsia: maternal age (OR 1.07 [1.02-1.13], gestational age (OR 1.14 [1.04-1.24]) and nulliparity (OR 2.40 [1.19-4.85]). CONCLUSIONS: Although patients were young and the majority received appropriate prenatal care, they spent considerable time in hospital and presented severe morbidity. Maternal mortality was 3.3% and in half of these cases it was attributed to ICH. Eclampsia and severe preeclampsia represented two thirds of the diagnostic categories. Variables independently associated with eclampsia were maternal and gestational ages and nulliparity.

Health insurance status and outcomes of critically ill obstetric patients: a prospective cohort study in Argentina.

PURPOSE: In Argentina, uninsured patients receive public health care, and the insured receive private health care. Our aim was to compare different outcomes between critically ill obstetric patients from both sectors. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort, including pregnant/postpartum patients requiring admission to 1 intensive care unit in the public sector (uninsured) and 1 in the private (insured) from January 1, 2008, to September 30, 2011. RESULTS: A total of 151 patients were included in the study. In uninsured (n = 63) vs insured (n = 88) patients, Acute Physiology and Chronic Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were 11 ± 6.5 vs 8 ± 4 and 3 (2-7) vs 1 (0-2), respectively, and 84% vs 100% received prenatal care (P = .001 for all). Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was present in 32 (54%) uninsured vs 9 (10%) insured patients (P = .001), and acute respiratory distress syndrome developed in 18 (30.5%) of 59 vs 2(2%) of 88 (P = .001). Neonatal survival was 80% vs 96% (P = .003). Variables independently associated with the development of MODS were APACHE II (odds ratio, 1.30 [1.13-1.49]), referral from another hospital (odds ratio, 11.43 [1.86-70.20]), lack of health insurance (odds ratio 6.75 [2.17-20.09]), and shock (odds ratio 4.82 [1.54-15.06]). Three patients died, all uninsured. CONCLUSIONS: Uninsured critically ill obstetric patients (public sector) were more severely ill on admission and experienced worse outcomes than insured patients (private sector). Variables independently associated with MODS were APACHE II, shock, referral from another hospital, and lack of insurance.

Ocho años de experiencia en una sola institución en transplante autólogo de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas en enfermedades hematológicas malignas y en tumores sólidos / Eight years of experience in a single institution in hematopoietic stem cell autologous transplantation in malignant hematological diseases and in solid tumors

Entre agosto 1991 y diciembre 1998, 400 pacientes (linfoma: 197, leucemia aguda: 86, mieloma múltiple: 70 y tumores sólidos 47) recibieron un trasplante autólogo. Todos los pacientes fueron movilizados con quimioterapia más G-CSF. Luego de la infusión se utilizó G-CSF. La recuperación de neutrófilos fue similar en todos los grupos; en pacientes con leucemia aguda y mieloma múltiple la recuperación de plaquetas fue más lenta. La muerte relacionada al tranplante fue 4.5 por ciento. El estado de la enfermedad al momento del procedimiento fue el principal factor pronóstico. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 23 meses la SLE a 60 meses fue de 46 por ciento para linfomas de bajo grado, 44 por ciento para linfomas de grado alto e intermedio, 58 por ciento para enfermedad de Hodgkin, 45 por ciento para leucemia mieloblástica aguda, 38 por ciento para tumores sólidos y 15 por ciento para mieloma múltiple. A 60 meses la probabilidad actuarial de supervivencia fue 67 por ciento para linfomas de bajo grado, 47 por ciento para linfomas de grado alto e intermedio, 75 por ciento para enfermedad de Hodgkin, 52 por ciento para leucemia mieloblástica aguda, 54 percent para tumores sólidos y 25 por ciento para mieloma múltiple. Se concluye que el trasplante autólogo de progenitores hematopoyéticos indujo una recuperación hematopoyética rápida y completa. Los resultados obtenidos son similares a los publicados en la literatura, siendo discutido el rol en pacientes con tumores sólidos. La muerte relacionada fue baja sin fallos tardíos del injerto.