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Background Scar burden with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac MRI (CMR) predicts arrhythmic events in patients with postinfarction in single-center studies. However, LGE analysis requires experienced human observers, is time consuming, and introduces variability. Purpose To test whether postinfarct scar with LGE CMR can be quantified fully automatically by machines and to compare the ability of LGE CMR scar analyzed by humans and machines to predict arrhythmic events. Materials and Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of the multicenter, multivendor CarDiac MagnEtic Resonance for Primary Prevention Implantable CardioVerter DebrillAtor ThErapy (DERIVATE) registry. Patients with chronic heart failure, echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 50%, and LGE CMR were recruited (from January 2015 through December 2020). In the current study, only patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy were included. Quantification of total, dense, and nondense scars was carried out by two experienced readers or a Ternaus network, trained and tested with LGE images of 515 and 246 patients, respectively. Univariable and multivariable Cox analyses were used to assess patient and cardiac characteristics associated with a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to compare model performances. Results In 761 patients (mean age, 65 years ± 11, 671 men), 83 MACEs occurred. With use of the testing group, univariable Cox-analysis found New York Heart Association class, left ventricle volume and/or function parameters (by echocardiography or CMR), guideline criterion (LVEF of ≤35% and New York Heart Association class II or III), and LGE scar analyzed by humans or the machine-learning algorithm as predictors of MACE. Machine-based dense or total scar conferred incremental value over the guideline criterion for the association with MACE (AUC: 0.68 vs 0.63, P = .02 and AUC: 0.67 vs 0.63, P = .01, respectively). Modeling with competing risks yielded for dense and total scar (AUC: 0.67 vs 0.61, P = .01 and AUC: 0.66 vs 0.61, P = .005, respectively). Conclusion In this analysis of the multicenter CarDiac MagnEtic Resonance for Primary Prevention Implantable CardioVerter DebrillAtor ThErapy (DERIVATE) registry, fully automatic machine learning-based late gadolinium enhancement analysis reliably quantifies myocardial scar mass and improves the current prediction model that uses guideline-based risk criteria for implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no.: NCT03352648 Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Supplemental material is available for this article.
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Cicatriz , Meios de Contraste , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Volume Sistólico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Gadolínio , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Sistema de Registros , Inteligência Artificial , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this registry was to evaluate the additional prognostic value of a composite cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-based risk score over standard-of-care (SOC) evaluation in a large cohort of consecutive unselected non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the DERIVATE registry (www.clinicaltrials.gov/registration: RCT#NCT03352648), 1000 (derivation cohort) and 508 (validation cohort) NICM patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and left ventricular ejection fraction <50% were included. All-cause mortality and major adverse arrhythmic cardiac events (MAACE) were the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. During a median follow-up of 959 days, all-cause mortality and MAACE occurred in 72 (7%) and 93 (9%) patients, respectively. Age and >3 segments with midwall fibrosis on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were the only independent predictors of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.036, 95% CI: 1.0117-1.056, P < 0.001 and HR: 2.077, 95% CI: 1.211-3.562, P = 0.008, respectively). For MAACE, the independent predictors were male gender, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index by CMR (CMR-LVEDVi), and >3 segments with midwall fibrosis on LGE (HR: 2.131, 95% CI: 1.231-3.690, P = 0.007; HR: 3.161, 95% CI: 1.750-5.709, P < 0.001; and HR: 1.693, 95% CI: 1.084-2.644, P = 0.021, respectively). A composite clinical and CMR-based risk score provided a net reclassification improvement of 63.7% (P < 0.001) for MAACE occurrence when added to the model based on SOC evaluation. These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION: In a large multicentre, multivendor cohort registry reflecting daily clinical practice in NICM work-up, a composite clinical and CMR-based risk score provides incremental prognostic value beyond SOC evaluation, which may have impact on the indication of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation.
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Cardiomiopatia Dilatada , Desfibriladores Implantáveis , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/terapia , Meios de Contraste , Feminino , Gadolínio , Humanos , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , Volume Sistólico , Função Ventricular EsquerdaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clinical evaluation of stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is currently based on visual assessment and has shown high diagnostic accuracy in previous clinical trials, when performed by expert readers or core laboratories. However, these results may not be generalizable to clinical practice, particularly when less experienced readers are concerned. Other factors, such as the level of training, the extent of ischemia, and image quality could affect the diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, the role of rest images has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of visual assessment for operators with different levels of training and the additional value of rest perfusion imaging, and to compare visual assessment and automated quantitative analysis in the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: We evaluated 53 patients with known or suspected CAD referred for stress-perfusion CMR. Nine operators (equally divided in 3 levels of competency) blindly reviewed each case twice with a 2-week interval, in a randomised order, with and without rest images. Semi-automated Fermi deconvolution was used for quantitative analysis and estimation of myocardial perfusion reserve as the ratio of stress to rest perfusion estimates. RESULTS: Level-3 operators correctly identified significant CAD in 83.6% of the cases. This percentage dropped to 65.7% for Level-2 operators and to 55.7% for Level-1 operators (p < 0.001). Quantitative analysis correctly identified CAD in 86.3% of the cases and was non-inferior to expert readers (p = 0.56). When rest images were available, a significantly higher level of confidence was reported (p = 0.022), but no significant differences in diagnostic accuracy were measured (p = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the level of training is the main determinant of the diagnostic accuracy in the identification of CAD. Level-3 operators performed at levels comparable with the results from clinical trials. Rest images did not significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, but contributed to higher confidence in the results. Automated quantitative analysis performed similarly to level-3 operators. This is of increasing relevance as recent technical advances in image reconstruction and analysis techniques are likely to permit the clinical translation of robust and fully automated quantitative analysis into routine clinical practice.
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Adenosina/administração & dosagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Circulação Coronária , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Imagem de Perfusão do Miocárdio/métodos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Vasodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Percepção Visual , Idoso , Automação , Certificação , Competência Clínica , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Curva de Aprendizado , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
PURPOSE: To define reference values of cardiac volumes, dimensions, and new morpho-functional parameters normalized for age, gender, and body surface area by cine-bSSFP (balanced steady-state free-precession) magnetic resonance (MR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 308 healthy subjects subdivided by gender and by six age classes: class I, >15-20 years; class II, >20-30 years; class III, >30-40 years; class IV, >40-50 years; class V, >50-60 years; and class VI >60 years. Dimensional, volumetric and morpho-functional parameters of the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles were measured using cine-bSSFP MRI at 1.5T. RESULTS: The LV and RV end-diastolic volume indexes (EDVi) were inversely related to age (P < 0.0001 r = -0.34 and P < 0.0001 r = -0.37, respectively). In addition, the LV mass index decreased with age (P = 0.0004, r = -0.21). The LV longitudinal shortening was not significantly different among groups: ≥15% in all populations (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16-31). The sphericity index measured in end-diastole was higher in females than in males (P < 0.03): the upper limit was 40% for males and 42% for females. The normality cutoff of LV global function index was ≥33% in males and ≥35% in females. The end-diastolic volume (EDV) of RV and LV was balanced (RV/LV ratio 0.85-1.15) without differences in the population. The LV EDV/mass was 1.0-1.8 in males and 1.0-2.1 in females. CONCLUSION: This study provides potential age- and gender-specific reference. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1055-1067.
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Volume Cardíaco/fisiologia , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Coração/fisiologia , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Coração/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions are still regarded as a very high risk category because of an increased platelet reactivity and risk of complications, especially in patients with inadequate glycaemic control. However, although its prognostic effect on long-term outcome is well-defined, still unclear is the effect of diabetes on the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, which was therefore the aim of our study. METHODS: Myonecrosis biomarkers were dosed at intervals from 6 to 48 h after nonemergent percutaneous coronary interventions. Periprocedural myocardial infarction was defined as creatine kinase-MB increase by three times the upper limit normal or by 50% of an elevated baseline value, whereas periprocedural myonecrosis as troponin I increase by three times the upper limit normal or 50% of baseline. RESULTS: Of 1311 patients, diabetes mellitus was found in 458 patients (34.9%) and associated with age (p = 0.03), hypertension (p < 0.001), renal failure (p = 0.01), previous MI (p = 0.03), previous coronary revascularization (p < 0.001), higher fasting glycaemia and lower haemoglobin (p < 0.001), more severe coronary disease (p < 0.001), multivessel percutaneous coronary interventions (p = 0.03), coronary calcification (p = 0.003) and in-stent restenosis (p < 0.001) but lower presence of thrombus (p = 0.03). Diabetic patients were receiving significantly more frequent specific pharmacological treatment at admission. Diabetic status did not influence the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction or periprocedural myonecrosis [adjusted OR(95%CI) = 0.90(0.64-1.27), p = 0.57 and adjusted OR(95%CI) = 0.92(0.70-1.21), p = 0.55]. Amongst diabetic patients, we did not observe any effect of chronic glycaemic control on periprocedural myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic status, independent of chronic glycaemic control, is not associated with increased risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction and myonecrosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.
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Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Complicações do Diabetes/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Perioperatório , Fatores de Risco , StentsRESUMO
Leukocytes have been involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and recent attention has been raised on eosinophils, that have been claimed for a wide number of cardiovascular pathologies, affecting endocardium, myocardium and vascular walls. However, few data have been reported so far on the relationship between absolute eosinophils count (AEC) and the prevalence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD), that was the aim of present study. Consecutive patients undergoing non-urgent coronary angiography were included. Haematological parameters were measured at admission. Significant CAD was defined as at least 1 vessel stenosis >50 %, while severe CAD as left main and/or trivessel disease, as evaluated by Quantitative Coronary Angiography. Our population is represented by 3,742 patients, divided according to tertiles values of AEC (≤0.1; 0.1-0.2; >0.2 × 10(3)/µl). Higher eosinophils values were significantly associated to male gender, main established cardiovascular risk factors, previous percutaneous or surgical coronary revascularization, antihypertensive and antiplatelet therapy at admission but inversely with acute presentation. Higher AEC was directly related with platelets count (p < 0.001), haemoglobin levels (p = 0.02), white blood cells count (p = 0.02), higher serum creatinine (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.001) and glycosylated haemoglobin (p < 0.001), while inversely with HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001). AEC was associated with multivessel disease (p = 0.03), chronic occlusions (p = 0.01), in-stent restenosis (p = 0.002), while inversely with the presence of intracoronary thrombus (p < 0.001). A significant relationship was found between AEC and the prevalence of coronary artery disease (p = 0.049), but not for the extent of more severe LM/trivessel CAD (p = 0.31). At multivariate analysis no independent role of eosinophils was found for CAD (adjusted OR [95 % CI] = 1.02 [0.91-1.15], p = 0.70), or severe CAD (adjusted OR [95 % CI] = 0.99 [0.89-1.1], p = 0.9), even when considering separately acute and elective patients. In conclusion, among patients undergoing coronary angiography, higher eosinophils levels are not independently associated with the prevalence and extent of coronary artery disease, but appear confounded by their link with major cardiovascular risk factors.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Eosinófilos , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Great interest has been focused in the last year on genetic predictors of cardiovascular risk. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa), fibrinogen receptor, is the final common pathway for aggregation and a key point for atherothrombosis. A single nucleotide polymorphism of IIIa subunit (Leu33Pro-PlA(1)/PlA(2) allele) has been suggested to increase aggregation and adhesion, however, contrasting reports have been reported so far on its effects on coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim of the current study was to perform a large meta-analysis including cohorts of patients undergoing coronary angiography in order to evaluate whether this polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease. Literature archives (Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane) and main scientific sessions abstracts were scanned for data of consecutive cohorts of patients undergoing coronary angiography, where PlA genotype was assessed. Primary endpoint was the prevalence of CAD. Secondary endpoint was severity of CAD defined as prevalence of multivessel disease (≥2 vessels). Data from seven studies were extracted, including a final number of 6700 patients. Among them 1893 (28.3%) carried the PlA(2) polymorphism, 163 of them in homozygosis. Angiographically defined CAD was present in 3573 (74.3%) PlA(1)/PlA(1) patients and in 1430 (75.5%) PlA(2) carriers. PlA(2) polymorphism was not associated with an increased prevalence of coronary artery disease, (OR [95% CI] = 1.07 [0.95-1.21], p = 0.28, pheterogeneity = 0.39). Similar results were obtained for multivessel disease (OR [95% CI] = 1.07[0.95-1.20], p = 0.27, pheterogeneity = 0.12). Meta-regression analysis demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between the risk of CAD among the PlA(2) carriers and ageing (r = -0.044, (-0.09, -0.0008), p = 0.046). Present meta-analysis demonstrates that 33Leu â Pro substitution of GPIIIa does not influence the prevalence and extent of angiographically defined coronary artery disease in general population, although apparently playing a role among younger patients.
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Substituição de Aminoácidos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Integrina beta3/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de ChancesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Periprocedural myocardial infarction still occurs in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, very little is known about the role of biomarkers possibly predicting this complication. Serum uric acid has been associated with enhanced inflammatory status, higher thrombotic risk and poorer outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention. We therefore, evaluated the association between uric acid levels and periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: We evaluated 1272 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. We measured myonecrosis biomarkers at intervals from 8 to 48 h after percutaneous coronary intervention. Periprocedural myonecrosis was defined as a troponin I increase by 3 times the upper limit normal (ULN) or by 50% of an elevated baseline value and periprocedural myocardial infarction as creatine kinase-Myocardial Band increase by 3 times the ULN or 50% of baseline. RESULTS: Patients were divided according to tertile values of uric acid (< 5.40, ≥ 6.70 mg/dL). Serum uric acid was related to age, male gender, hypertension, smoking, renal failure (p < 0.001), previous coronary artery bypass grafts (p = 0.05), therapy with ACE inhibitors (p = 0.001) and diuretics (p < 0.001), glycaemia (p = 0.001), creatinine (p < 0.001), haemoglobin (p = 0.002) and white blood cells (p = 0.02). Serum uric acid was inversely related to type C lesions (p = 0.03) and coronary thrombus (p = 0.02). SUA did not affect the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction (p = 0.29; adjusted odds ratio = 1.11[0.93-1.32], p = 0.26) or periprocedural myonecrosis (p = 0.97; adjusted odds ratio = 0.99[0.86-1.14], p = 0.89). Results were confirmed at subgroup analyses of higher-risk subsets of patients. CONCLUSION: This is the first large study showing that serum uric acid is not associated with an increase in the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization.
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Complicações Intraoperatórias/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal/fisiopatologia , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Nefropatias Diabéticas/complicações , Nefropatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperuricemia/etiologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/sangue , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Período Perioperatório , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/sangue , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Recidiva , Insuficiência Renal/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Troponina I/sangueRESUMO
Periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) still occurs in a large amount of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), mainly due to increased platelet activation. Platelet size has been suggested as an indicator of enhanced reactivity and platelet distribution width (PDW) could reflect morphologic changes in platelets, therefore affecting their function and potentially increasing the risk of complications after coronary stenting. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between PDW and PMI. We included 1,300 consecutive patients undergoing PCI. Myonecrosis biomarkers were dosed at intervals from 6 to 48 h after PCI. Periprocedural myonecrosis was defined as troponin I increase by three times the ULN or by 50 % of an elevated baseline value, whereas PMI as CKMB increase by three times the ULN or 50 % of baseline. We grouped patients according to tertiles values of PDW (<12.1; ≥13.9). Higher PDW was associated with age (p = 0.03), diabetes (p < 0.001), previous cerebrovascular accidents (p = 0.04), therapy with statins (p = 0.001) and ARBs (p < 0.001), ASA (p = 0.02), nitrates (p = 0.006), calcium antagonists (p = 0.05) and lower pre-procedural clopidogrel bolus (p = 0.005). PDW related with haemoglobin levels (p < 0.001), while inversely to platelet count (p < 0.001) and glycaemia (p = 0.003). Patients with larger PDW had lower presence of coronary thrombus (p < 0.001), higher rate of coronary calcifications (p = 0.02), higher stenting rate (p = 0.03) and lower rate of distal embolization (p = 0.03). Larger PDW did not increase risk of PMI (p = 0.11; adjusted OR [95 % CI] = 0.94 [0.78-1.1], p = 0.55) or periprocedural myonecrosis (p = 0.73; adjusted OR [95 % CI] = 0.95 [0.82-1.1], p = 0.51). Results were confirmed even in higher-risk subgroups of patients. In patients undergoing coronary stenting, PDW does not increase the risk of periprocedural MI and therefore should not be considered a risk factor for thrombotic periprocedural complications after PCI.
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Plaquetas/patologia , Tamanho Celular , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contagem de Plaquetas , Estudos Prospectivos , Troponina I/metabolismoRESUMO
AIMS: Right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVSD) is an important determinant of outcomes in heart failure (HF) cohorts. While the quantitative assessment of RV function is challenging using 2D-echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard with its high spatial resolution and precise anatomical definition. We sought to investigate the prognostic value of CMR-derived RV systolic function in a large cohort of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Study cohort comprised of patients enrolled in the CarDiac MagnEtic Resonance for Primary Prevention Implantable CardioVerter DefibrillAtor ThErapy registry who had HFrEF and had simultaneous baseline CMR and echocardiography (n = 2449). RVSD was defined as RV ejection fraction (RVEF) <45%. Kaplan-Meier curves and cox regression were used to investigate the association between RVSD and all-cause mortality (ACM). Mean age was 59.8 ± 14.0 years, 42.0% were female, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 34.0 ± 10.8. Median follow-up was 959 days (interquartile range: 560-1590). RVSD was present in 936 (38.2%) and was an independent predictor of ACM (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.44; 95% CI [1.09-1.91]; P = 0.01). On subgroup analyses, the prognostic value of RVSD was more pronounced in NYHA I/II than in NYHA III/IV, in LVEF <35% than in LVEF ≥35%, and in patients with renal dysfunction when compared to those with normal renal function. CONCLUSION: RV systolic dysfunction is an independent predictor of ACM in HFrEF, with a more pronounced prognostic value in select subgroups, likely reflecting the importance of RVSD in the early stages of HF progression.
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Cardiomiopatias , Desfibriladores Implantáveis , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Disfunção Ventricular Direita , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Prognóstico , Volume Sistólico , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Desfibriladores Implantáveis/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Cardiomiopatias/complicações , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/efeitos adversos , Função Ventricular Direita , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/terapia , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy is the most effective prophylactic strategy against sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% as detected by transthoracic echocardiograpgy (TTE). This approach has been recently questioned because of the low rate of ICD interventions in patients who received implantation and the not-negligible percentage of patients who experienced SCD despite not fulfilling criteria for implantation. OBJECTIVES: The DERIVATE-ICM registry (CarDiac MagnEtic Resonance for Primary Prevention Implantable CardioVerter DebrillAtor ThErapy; NCT03352648) is an international, multicenter, and multivendor study to assess the net reclassification improvement (NRI) for the indication of ICD implantation by the use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as compared to TTE in patients with ICM. METHODS: A total of 861 patients with ICM (mean age 65 ± 11 years, 86% male) with chronic heart failure and TTE-LVEF <50% participated. Major adverse arrhythmic cardiac events (MAACE) were the primary endpoints. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 1,054 days, MAACE occurred in 88 (10.2%). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (HR: 1.007 [95% CI: 1.000-1.011]; P = 0.05), CMR-LVEF (HR: 0.972 [95% CI: 0.945-0.999]; P = 0.045) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) mass (HR: 1.010 [95% CI: 1.002-1.018]; P = 0.015) were independent predictors of MAACE. A multiparametric CMR weighted predictive derived score identifies subjects at high risk for MAACE compared with TTE-LVEF cutoff of 35% with a NRI of 31.7% (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The DERIVATE-ICM registry is a large multicenter registry showing the additional value of CMR to stratify the risk for MAACE in a large cohort of patients with ICM compared with standard of care.
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Cardiomiopatias , Desfibriladores Implantáveis , Isquemia Miocárdica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Desfibriladores Implantáveis/efeitos adversos , Meios de Contraste , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Gadolínio , Isquemia Miocárdica/complicações , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Miocárdica/terapia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatias/terapia , Cardiomiopatias/complicações , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/efeitos adversos , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A 60-year-old female developed cardiac arrest after experiencing an anaphylactic shock during administration of plasma-expanders. An electrocardiogram registered after restoration of sinus rhythm showed mild ST-elevation in the anterior precordial leads and T waves changes followed by appearance of echocardiographic alterations of left ventricular apex kinesis. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance confirmed apical ballooning with late gadolinium enhancement in the segments with abnormal contractility. This uncommon clinical case confirms how takotsubo and Kounis syndrome may converge in a single nosological entity, the so-called "ATAK complex" (Adrenaline, Tako-Tsubo, Anaphylaxis, and Kounis), with a specific management and prognostic implications.
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OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the prognostic usefulness of visual and quantitative perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) ischemic burden in an unselected group of patients and to assess the validity of consensus-based ischemic burden thresholds extrapolated from nuclear studies. BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the prognostic value of assessing myocardial ischemic burden by CMR, and there are none using quantitative perfusion analysis. METHODS: Patients with suspected coronary artery disease referred for adenosine-stress perfusion CMR were included (n = 395; 70% male; age 58 ± 13 years). The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, aborted sudden death, and revascularization after 90 days. Perfusion scans were assessed visually and with quantitative analysis. Cross-validated Cox regression analysis and net reclassification improvement were used to assess the incremental prognostic value of visual or quantitative perfusion analysis over a baseline clinical model, initially as continuous covariates, then using accepted thresholds of ≥2 segments or ≥10% myocardium. RESULTS: After a median 460 days (interquartile range: 190 to 869 days) follow-up, 52 patients reached the primary endpoint. At 2 years, the addition of ischemic burden was found to increase prognostic value over a baseline model of age, sex, and late gadolinium enhancement (baseline model area under the curve [AUC]: 0.75; visual AUC: 0.84; quantitative AUC: 0.85). Dichotomized quantitative ischemic burden performed better than visual assessment (net reclassification improvement 0.043 vs. 0.003 against baseline model). CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to address the prognostic benefit of quantitative analysis of perfusion CMR and to support the use of consensus-based ischemic burden thresholds by perfusion CMR for prognostic evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Quantitative analysis provided incremental prognostic value to visual assessment and established risk factors, potentially representing an important step forward in the translation of quantitative CMR perfusion analysis to the clinical setting.
Assuntos
Adenosina/administração & dosagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Circulação Coronária , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Imagem de Perfusão do Miocárdio/métodos , Vasodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Echocardiography-derived measurements of maximum left ventricular (LV) wall thickness are important for both the diagnosis and risk stratification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is increasingly being used in the assessment of HC; however, little is known about the relation between wall thickness measurements made by the 2 modalities. We sought to compare measurements made with echocardiography and CMR and to assess the impact of any differences on risk stratification using the current European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Maximum LV wall thickness measurements were recorded on 50 consecutive patients with HC. Sixty-nine percent of LV wall thickness measurements were recorded with echocardiography, compared with 69% from CMR (p <0.001). There was poor agreement on the location of maximum LV wall thickness; weighted-Cohen's κ 0.14 (p = 0.036) and maximum LV wall thicknesses were systematically higher with echocardiography than with CMR (mean 19.1 ± 0.4 mm vs 16.5 ± 0.3 mm, p <0.01, respectively); Bland-Altman bias 2.6 mm (95% confidence interval -9.8 to 4.6). Interobserver variability was lower for CMR (R2 0.67 echocardiography, R2 0.93 CMR). The mean difference in 5-year sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk between echocardiography and CMR was 0.49 ± 0.45% (p = 0.37). When classifying patients (low, intermediate, or high risk), 6 patients were reclassified when CMR was used instead of echocardiography to assess maximum LV wall thickness. These findings suggest that CMR measurements of maximum LV wall thickness can be cautiously used in the current European Society of Cardiology risk score calculations, although further long-term studies are needed to confirm this.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/diagnóstico por imagem , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/complicações , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/patologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a reliable and accurate diagnostic tool for the evaluation of patients with cardiac disease in several clinical settings and with proven additional diagnostic and prognostic value compared with other imaging modalities. This document has been developed by the working group on the 'application of CMR' of the Italian Society of Cardiology to provide a perspective on the current state of technical advances and clinical applications of CMR and to inform cardiologists on how to implement their clinical and diagnostic pathways with the inclusion of this technique in clinical practice. The writing committee consisted of members of the working group of the Italian Society of Cardiology and two external peer reviewers with acknowledged experience in the field of CMR.
Assuntos
Cardiologia/normas , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiologia/economia , Consenso , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Análise Custo-Benefício , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/economia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/terapia , Humanos , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/economia , Isquemia Miocárdica/economia , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/terapia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
The current document was developed by the working group on the 'application of cardiac magnetic resonance' of the Italian Society of Cardiology to provide a perspective on the current state of technical advances and clinical cardiac magnetic resonance applications and to inform cardiologists how to implement their clinical and diagnostic pathway with the introduction of this technique in the clinical practice. Appropriateness criteria were defined using a score system: score 1-3â=âinappropriate (test is not generally acceptable and is not a reasonable approach for the indication), score 4-6â=âuncertain (test may be generally acceptable and may be a reasonable approach for the indication but more research and/or patient information is needed to classify the indication definitively) and score 7-9â=âappropriate (test is generally acceptable and is a reasonable approach for the indication).
Assuntos
Cardiologia/normas , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Miocardite/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatias/fisiopatologia , Cardiomiopatias/terapia , Consenso , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Cardiopatias Congênitas/fisiopatologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/terapia , Humanos , Miocardite/fisiopatologia , Miocardite/terapia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammatory biomarker, may be of predictive and prognostic value for cardiovascular (CV) events. We evaluated the relationship of NLR with the prevalence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in consecutive patients undergoing elective or urgent coronary angiography. Our population (n = 3738 patients) was divided into NLR quartiles. Higher NLR was associated with aging and established CV risk factors, previous percutaneous coronary revascularization, acute presentation, and more complex pharmacological therapy. The NLR was related to platelet count, white blood cell count, creatinine, glycemia, uric acid, and C-reactive protein (all P = .001) levels but inversely related to hemoglobin (P < .001), total cholesterol (P = .005), and triglycerides (P < .001) levels. The NLR was associated with multivessel disease (P < .001), anterior descending, right coronary arteries (P < .001) or circumflex branch lesions (P = .01), percentage of stenosis (P < .001), coronary calcification (P < .001), and intracoronary thrombus (P < .001) but inversely with in-stent restenosis (P < .001) and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow (P = .04). The NLR was directly related to the prevalence of CAD (P = .001) and severe CAD (P < .001). In patients undergoing coronary angiography, the NLR is independently associated with the prevalence and severity of CAD.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Idoso , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
: Acute coronary syndrome represents one of the most common causes of admittance to emergency rooms in Western countries. Despite being in the majority of cases the mirror of coronary atherosclerosis, more rare causes could be hidden beyond this presentation, whose identification is often crucial for patients' outcome. We hereby present the case of a 44-year-old woman, with a history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in treatment with natalizumab, who was admitted to our division for an acute coronary syndrome. At arrival, anaemia and severe thrombocytopenia were observed; thus, no antiplatelet agent was administered. Within a few hours, aphasia occurred. Clinical presentation and the identification of schistocytes at blood smear led to the suspicion of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, which was then confirmed by laboratory analysis. Immediate high-dose steroids and plasma exchange allowed discharging of the patient within a few days without neurological or cardiac sequelae.
Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/etiologia , Autoimunidade , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/complicações , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica/complicações , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/imunologia , Adulto , Angiografia Cerebral/métodos , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/diagnóstico por imagem , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/imunologia , Natalizumab/administração & dosagem , Troca Plasmática , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica/diagnóstico , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica/imunologia , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Trombótica/terapia , Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) epidemic has increased need for accurate diastolic dysfunction (DD) quantitation. Cardiac MRI can elucidate left atrial (LA) phasic function, and accurately quantify its conduit contribution to left ventricular (LV) filling, but has limited availability. We hypothesized that the percentage of LV stroke volume due to atrial conduit volume (LACV), as assessed using 3D-echocardiography, can differentiate among progressive degrees of DD in HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-three subjects (66 ± 12 years) with DD and ejection fraction (EF) ranging 14-62% underwent full-volume 3D-echocardiography. Simultaneous LA and LV volume curves as function of time (t) were calculated, with LACV as LACV(t) = [LV(t) - LV minimum] - [LA maximum LA(t)], expressed as % of stroke volume. Patients were assigned to four (0-3, from none to severe) DD grades, according to classical Doppler parameters. In this population DD is linked to LACV, with progressively higher percentages of conduit contribution to stroke volume associated with higher degrees of DD (p = 0.0007). Patients were then dichotomized into no-mild (n = 26) or severe (n = 37) DD groups. Apart from atrial volume, larger (p < 0.02) in severe DD group, no differences between groups were found for LV diastolic and stroke volume, EF, mass and flow propagation velocity. However, a significant difference was found for LACV expressed as % of LV stroke volume (29 ± 15 vs. 43 ± 23%, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that LACV contribution to stroke volume increases along with worsening DD, as assessed in the context of (near) constant-volume four-chamber heart physiology. Thus, LACV can serve as new parameter for DD grading severity in HF patients.
Assuntos
Função do Átrio Esquerdo/fisiologia , Diástole/fisiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Idoso , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Ecocardiografia Tridimensional , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in pharmacological and mechanical devices, the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) is still high, particularly in prothrombotic conditions. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been associated with enhanced platelet function, impaired endothelial function and prothrombotic status, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. No study has, so far, investigated the relationship between homocysteine levels and the risk of periprocedural MI in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and this is therefore the aim of the current study. METHODS: In 1150 patients undergoing PCI, homocysteinemia was assessed at admission. Cardiac biomarkers were measured at intervals from 8 to 48âh after PCI. Periprocedural myonecrosis was defined by a troponin I increase to three times the upper limit of normal (ULN) or by 50% if elevated at the time of the procedure. PMI was defined as a CK-MB increase to three times the ULN or of 50% if elevated at the time of the procedure. RESULTS: We grouped patients according to tertile values of homocysteine. Higher homocysteine levels were associated with older age (Pâ<â0.001), male sex (Pâ=â0.02), arterial hypertension (Pâ=â0.007), diabetes (Pâ=â0.04), renal failure (Pâ<â0.001), higher creatinine levels (Pâ=â0.01), previous MI (Pâ=â0.02), previous PCI (Pâ=â0.04) and previous cerebrovascular accidents (Pâ=â0.01). Homocysteine was associated with lower ejection fraction (Pâ<â0.001), treatment with angiotensin-receptor blockers (Pâ<â0.001), nitrates (Pâ=â0.008) and diuretics (Pâ<â0.001) and acetylsalicylic acid (Pâ=â0.01). Homocysteine levels were directly related with the extent of coronary disease (Pâ=â0.04) and coronary calcifications (Pâ<â0.001) but inversely with type C lesions (Pâ=â0.001), TIMI 3 flow pre-PCI (Pâ=â0.02), stenosis severity (Pâ=â0.01) and thrombus (Pâ=â0.004). In addition, they are associated with higher rates of balloon predilatation (Pâ=â0.02), lower use of thrombectomy (Pâ=â0.01) and periprocedural administration of GPIIbIIIa inhibitors (Pâ=â0.02). Ageing, male sex, diabetes, renal failure, creatinine levels, diuretics use, coronary calcifications and type C lesions were independently related to homocysteine. Homocysteine did not affect the risk of PMI [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.14 (0.91-1.42), Pâ=â0.26], or periprocedural myonecrosis [adjusted OR 1.17 (0.98-1.39), Pâ=â0.08]. Similar results were found after propensity score adjustment [adjusted OR 1.19 (0.95-1.48), Pâ=â0.14 for PMI and adjusted OR 1.18 (0.99-1.4), Pâ=â0.07 for myonecrosis] and at subgroup analysis in higher risk subsets of patients. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing PCI, the risk of PMI is not influenced by hyperhomocysteinemia.