RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify pregnancy-related risk factors for different manifestations of congenital anorectal malformations (ARMs). DESIGN: A population-based case-control study. SETTING: Seventeen EUROCAT (European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies) registries, 1980-2008. POPULATION: The study population consisted of 1417 cases with ARM, including 648 cases of isolated ARM, 601 cases of ARM with additional congenital anomalies, and 168 cases of ARM-VACTERL (vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheo-esophageal, renal, and limb defects), along with 13 371 controls with recognised syndromes or chromosomal abnormalities. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for potential risk factors for ARM, such as fertility treatment, multiple pregnancy, primiparity, maternal illnesses during pregnancy, and pregnancy-related complications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted ORs for pregnancy-related risk factors for ARM. RESULTS: The ARM cases were more likely to be firstborn than the controls (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.8). Fertility treatment and being one of twins or triplets seemed to increase the risk of ARM in cases with additional congenital anomalies or VACTERL (ORs ranging from 1.6 to 2.5). Maternal fever during pregnancy and pre-eclampsia were only associated with ARM when additional congenital anomalies were present (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.3-11.6; OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.6-7.1, respectively), whereas maternal epilepsy during pregnancy resulted in a five-fold elevated risk of all manifestations of ARM (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.7-15.6). CONCLUSIONS: This large European study identified maternal epilepsy, fertility treatment, multiple pregnancy, primiparity, pre-eclampsia, and maternal fever during pregnancy as potential risk factors primarily for complex manifestations of ARM with additional congenital anomalies and VACTERL.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/epidemiologia , Anus Imperfurado/epidemiologia , Epilepsia/epidemiologia , Febre/epidemiologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Gravidez de Gêmeos/estatística & dados numéricos , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/estatística & dados numéricos , Aborto Induzido/estatística & dados numéricos , Malformações Anorretais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Epilepsia/complicações , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Febre/complicações , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Razão de Chances , Paridade , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/efeitos adversos , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/psicologia , Adulto , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , PrevalênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess trends of food intake in Portugal. DESIGN: Analysis of three cross-sectional studies: 1987, 1995-1996 and 1998-1999. SETTING: Representative samples of free-living individuals. SUBJECTS: 64 734 men and 71 282 women. INTERVENTIONS: Food intake was assessed by questionnaires inquiring the number of meals and which foodstuffs (fish, meat, milk, rice/pasta/potatoes, soup, vegetables and fruit) had been consumed the day before. RESULTS: Age-adjusted average number of meals decreased from 3.3+/-0.1 in 1987 to 2.9+/-0.1 in 1998-1999 in both genders (P<0.001). In men, the percentage of subjects consuming meat, milk and potatoes/rice/pasta increased from 73, 66 and 91% in 1987 to 83, 74 and 95% in 1998-1999, respectively. The percentage of subjects consuming soup and fish decreased from 70 and 56% in 1987 to 62 and 53% in 1998-1999, respectively. In women, the percentage of subjects consuming meat, milk, potatoes/rice/pasta and vegetable increased from 70, 66, 89 and 71% in 1987 to 78, 77, 93 and 83% in 1998-1999, respectively. The percentage of subjects consuming soup and fish decreased from 70 and 55% in 1987 to 64 and 53% in 1998-1999, respectively. These trends were more pronounced in the younger age, which also displayed a higher frequency of snacking. Multivariate analysis adjusting for age group, region and educational level showed that the consumption of meat, milk and vegetables increased and the consumption of soup, fish and fruit decreased in 1998-1999 relative to 1995-1996. CONCLUSIONS: Within a decade, the Portuguese dietary pattern has changed considerably, shifting from a traditional, south European to a more Westernized, protein-rich diet. SPONSORSHIP: The Unidade de Nutrição e Metabolismo of the Instituto de Medicina Molecular is partially funded by a grant from the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) ref. RUN 437.
Assuntos
Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Dieta/tendências , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Portugal , Distribuição por Sexo , Inquéritos e Questionários , VerdurasRESUMO
The present study investigated the effects of exercise and anabolic-androgenic steroids on cardiac HSP72 expression. Male Wistar rats were divided into experimental groups: nandrolone exercise (NE, N = 6), control exercise (CE, N = 6), nandrolone sedentary (NS, N = 6), and control sedentary (CS, N = 6). Animals in the NE and NS groups received a weekly intramuscular injection (6.5 mg/kg of body weight) of nandrolone decanoate, while those in the CS and CE groups received mineral oil as vehicle. Animals in the NE and CE groups were submitted to a progressive running program on a treadmill, for 8 weeks. Fragments of the left ventricle were collected at sacrifice and the relative immunoblot contents of HSP72 were determined. Heart weight to body weight ratio was higher in exercised than in sedentary animals (P < 0.05, 4.65 +/- 0.38 vs 4.20 +/- 0.47 mg/g, respectively), independently of nandrolone, and in nandrolone-treated than untreated animals (P < 0.05, 4.68 +/- 0.47 vs 4.18 +/- 0.32 mg/g, respectively), independently of exercise. Cardiac HSP72 accumulation was higher in exercised than in sedentary animals (P < 0.05, 677.16 +/- 129.14 vs 246.24 +/- 46.30 relative unit, respectively), independently of nandrolone, but not different between nandrolone-treated and untreated animals (P > 0.05, 560.88 +/- 127.53 vs 362.52 +/- 95.97 relative unit, respectively) independently of exercise. Exercise-induced HSP72 expression was not affected by nandrolone. These levels of HSP72 expression in response to nandrolone administration suggest either a low intracellular stress or a possible less protection to the myocardium.
Assuntos
Anabolizantes/farmacologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP72/análise , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Peso Corporal , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP72/efeitos dos fármacos , Ventrículos do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Ventrículos do Coração/metabolismo , Masculino , Nandrolona/farmacologia , Decanoato de Nandrolona , Tamanho do Órgão , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
A comparative study of the gene expression profile in different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni has been initiated based on the expressed sequence tag (EST) approach. A total of 1401 ESTs were generated from seven different cDNA libraries constructed from four distinct stages of the parasite life cycle. The libraries were first evaluated for their quality for a large-scale cDNA sequencing program. Most of them were shown to have less than 20% useless clones and more than 50% new genes. The redundancy of each library was also analyzed, showing that one adult worm cDNA library was composed of a small number of highly frequent genes. When comparing ESTs from distinct libraries, we could detect that most genes were present only in a single library, but others were expressed in more than one developmental stage and may represent housekeeping genes in the parasite. When considering only once the genes present in more than one library, a total of 466 unique genes were obtained, corresponding to 427 new S. mansoni genes. From the total of unique genes, 20.2% were identified based on homology with genes from other organisms, 8.3% matched S. mansoni characterized genes and 71.5% represent unknown genes.
Assuntos
DNA Complementar/genética , DNA de Helmintos/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/genética , Frequência do Gene , Schistosoma mansoni/genética , Animais , Expressão Gênica , Biblioteca Gênica , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Schistosoma mansoni/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
We dissected the digestive tract of 245 females in pools of 35 flies forming 7 groups. These flies were Lutzomyia longipalpis originating from Lapinha Cave, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais. Out of the 8 species of bacteria isolated there was a predominancy of Gram negative bacterias (GNB) in the group of non-fermenters of sugar belonging to the following species: Acinetobacter lwoffii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas putida and Flavimonas orizihabitans. The group of GNB fermenters were: Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella ozaenae. In the Gram positive group we isolated the genera Bacillus thuringiensis and Staphylococcus spp.
Assuntos
Psychodidae/microbiologia , Animais , Brasil , PrevalênciaRESUMO
There are very few reports on the microbiota of the digestive tract of sand flies, an important omission considering that blood is not the only meal ingested. Male and female sand flies obtain sugar meals from several sources, thereby increasing their chance of infection with microorganisms. Chances of contamination are higher when insects are bred in the laboratory, and this may affect the development of Leishmania spp. From the digestive tract of 300 sand fly females separated in two groups we isolated 10 species of bacteria in group 1 and 8 species in group 2. In group 1, Enterobacteriaceae of the following genera were identified: Serratia, Enterobacter, and Yokenella and the non-fermenters: Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Stenotrophomonas. In group 2, the Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacter and Serratia were identified as well as the non-fermenters Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Burkolderia, and Pseudomonas.
Assuntos
Sistema Digestório/microbiologia , Túbulos de Malpighi/microbiologia , Psychodidae/microbiologia , Animais , Sangue , Carboidratos , Feminino , AlimentosRESUMO
Non-insulin-dependent diabetics often have quantitative changes in plasma lipid profiles characterised by higher triglycerides and lower HDL-cholesterol than the average population. This paper summarises the cross-sectional data (reported by the general practitioners participating in Medicos-Sentinela) concerning total and HDL-cholesterol in a cohort of non-insulin-dependent diabetics treated at primary care settings in Portugal. Total cholesterol and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) associated cholesterol were significantly higher in women. Total cholesterol increased significantly with age (in women), regular alcohol intake, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (in males). HDL-cholesterol showed significant increase with age (both sexes and males only), gender, and alcohol intake in males. The increase in total cholesterol found in patients with regular alcohol intake is an infrequently reported finding.
Assuntos
HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Portugal , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Fumar/sangue , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Support and treatment options have been widely discussed in recent decades with the aim of improving morbidity, mortality and quality of life of chronic respiratory disease (COPD) patients. Although it is believed that longer pulmonary rehabilitation programs can provide better results, most of the evidence comes from short-term programs. AIM: To determine the effects of an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program on exercise tolerance, dyspnoea, hemodynamic variables and quality of life. DESIGN: Case series study. SETTING: Rehabilitation Centre. POPULATION AND METHODS: A convenience sample of COPD patients was enrolled in this study. The intervention consisted of a 96-wk exercise training program, including aerobic training, upper-limb exercises and inspiratory muscle training. Pulmonary function tests, blood biochemistry, six-minute walking distance test and health-related quality of life were recorded at baseline and after completion of the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th months. RESULTS: Forty one consecutive COPD patients were recruited and thirty six completed the study. There was a significant improvement in hemodynamics, demonstrated by the gradual reduction in heart rate, blood pressure and MvO2 (double product) starting from the 12th month. Lipid profile showed a reduction of low density lipids and an increase of the high density lipids levels starting from the 6th month. Exercise tolerance, dyspnoea, respiratory muscle strength and quality of life also improved starting from the 6th month. CONCLUSION: A 24-month pulmonary rehabilitation program leads to a progressive improvement in quality of life, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance, and reduces cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. IMPACT: Our study suggests that long-term pulmonary rehabilitation programs can result in further improvements in the aforementioned cardiorespiratory variables.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dispneia/terapia , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Assistência Ambulatorial , Análise de Variância , Brasil , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Dispneia/etiologia , Terapia por Exercício/instrumentação , Feminino , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Hipertensão/terapia , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Músculos Respiratórios/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) plays an important role in the assessment of functional capacity in patients with interstitial lung disease. The aim of this study was to identify CPET measures that might be helpful in predicting the vital capacity and diffusion capacity outcomes of patients with thoracic sarcoidosis. A longitudinal study was conducted on 42 nonsmoking patients with thoracic sarcoidosis (median age = 46.5 years, 22 females). At the first evaluation, spirometry, the measurement of single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D LCOsb) and CPET were performed. Five years later, the patients underwent a second evaluation consisting of spirometry and D LCOsb measurement. After 5 years, forced vital capacity (FVC)% and D LCOsb% had decreased significantly [95.5 (82-105) vs 87.5 (58-103) and 93.5 (79-103) vs 84.5 (44-102), respectively; P < 0.0001 for both]. In CPET, the peak oxygen uptake, maximum respiratory rate, breathing reserve, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradient at peak exercise (P(A-a)O2), and Δ SpO2 values showed a strong correlation with the relative differences for FVC% and D LCOsb% (P < 0.0001 for all). P(A-a)O2 ≥22 mmHg and breathing reserve ≤40% were identified as significant independent variables for the decline in pulmonary function. Patients with thoracic sarcoidosis showed a significant reduction in FVC% and D LCOsb% after 5 years of follow-up. These data show that the outcome measures of CPET are predictors of the decline of pulmonary function.
Assuntos
Teste de Esforço , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Capacidade Vital/fisiologia , Adulto , Tolerância ao Exercício , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado/fisiologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , EspirometriaRESUMO
Phytoremediation technologies such as constructed wetlands have shown higher efficiencies in removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewaters than conventional wastewater treatment processes, and plants seem to have an important role in the removal of some of those compounds. In this context, a study was conducted to assess tolerance, uptake, and metabolism of the epilepsy drug, carbamazepine, by the macrophyte Typha spp. This evaluation was conducted in hydroponic solutions with 0.5-2.0mg/L of this pharmaceutical for a maximum period of 21 days. The removal of carbamazepine from nutrient solutions by the plants reached values of 82% of the initial contents. Furthermore, a metabolite (10,11-dihydro-10,11-epoxycarbamazepine) was detected in leaf tissues indicating carbamazepine translocation and metabolism inside plants. Activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and guaiacol peroxidase generally increase (after some mild initial inhibition in the case of the latter enzyme) as result of the abiotic stress caused by the exposure to carbamazepine, but ultimately Typha seemed able to cope with its toxicity. The results obtained in this study suggest the ability of Typha spp., to actively participate in the removal of carbamazepine from water when used in phytotreatment systems.
Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Carbamazepina/metabolismo , Typhaceae/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
We determined the effect of fish oil (FO) ingestion on colonic carcinogenesis in rats. Male Wistar rats received 4 subcutaneous injections (40 mg/kg body weight each) of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at 3-day intervals and were fed a diet containing 18% by weight FO (N = 10) or soybean oil (SO, N = 10) for 36 weeks. At sacrifice, the colon was removed, aberrant crypt foci were counted and the fatty acid profile was determined. Intestinal tumors were removed and classified as adenoma or carcinoma. Liver and feces were collected and analyzed for fatty acid profile. FO reduced the mean (+/- SEM) number of aberrant crypt foci compared to SO (113.55 +/- 6.97 vs 214.60 +/- 18.61; P < 0.05) and the incidence of adenoma (FO: 20% vs SO: 100%), but carcinoma occurred equally in FO and SO rats (2 animals per group). The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profile of the colon was affected by diet (P < 0.05): total omega-3 (FO: 8.18 +/- 0.97 vs SO: 1.71 +/- 0.54%) and total omega-6 (FO: 3.83 +/- 0.59 vs SO: 10.43 +/- 1.28%). The same occurred in the liver (P < 0.05): total omega-3 (FO: 34.41 +/- 2.6 vs SO: 6.46 +/- 0.59%) and total omega-6 (FO: 8.73 +/- 1.37 vs SO: 42.12 +/- 2.33%). The PUFA profile of the feces and liver polyamine levels did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings indicate that chronic FO ingestion protected against the DMH-induced preneoplastic colon lesions and adenoma development, but not against carcinoma in rats.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/prevenção & controle , Carcinoma/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/prevenção & controle , 1,2-Dimetilidrazina , Adenocarcinoma/induzido quimicamente , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Animais , Carcinógenos , Carcinoma/induzido quimicamente , Carcinoma/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados , Masculino , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/induzido quimicamente , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
We determined the effect of long-term aerobic swimming training regimens of different intensities on colonic carcinogenesis in rats. Male Wistar rats (11 weeks old) were given 4 subcutaneous injections (40 mg/kg body weight each) of 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH, dissolved in 0.9% NaCl containing 1.5% EDTA, pH 6.5), at 3-day intervals and divided into three exercise groups that swam with 0% body weight (EG1, N = 11), 2% body weight (EG2, N = 11), and 4% body weight of load (EG3, N = 10), 20 min/day, 5 days/week for 35 weeks, and one sedentary control group (CG, N = 10). At sacrifice, the colon was removed and counted for tumors and aberrant crypt foci. Tumor size was measured and intra-abdominal fat was weighed. The mean number of aberrant crypt foci was reduced only for EG2 compared to CG (26.21 +/- 2.99 vs 36.40 +/- 1.53 crypts; P < 0.05). Tumor incidence was not significantly different among groups (CG: 90%; EG1: 72.7%; EG2: 90%; EG3: 80%). Swimming training did not affect either tumor multiplicity (CG: 2.30 +/- 0.58; EG1: 2.09 +/- 0.44; EG2: 1.27 +/- 0.19; EG3: 1.50 +/- 0.48 tumors) or size (CG: 1.78 +/- 0.24; EG1: 1.81 +/- 0.14; EG2: 1.55 +/- 0.21; EG3: 2.17 +/- 0.22 cm(3)). Intra-abdominal fat was not significantly different among groups (CG: 10.54 +/- 2.73; EG1: 6.12 +/- 1.15; EG2: 7.85 +/- 1.24; EG3: 5.11 +/- 0.74 g). Aerobic swimming training with 2% body weight of load protected against the DMH-induced preneoplastic colon lesions, but not against tumor development in the rat.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Natação , 1,2-Dimetilidrazina , Animais , Carcinógenos , Neoplasias do Colo/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/induzido quimicamente , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/prevenção & controle , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) plays an important role in the assessment of functional capacity in patients with interstitial lung disease. The aim of this study was to identify CPET measures that might be helpful in predicting the vital capacity and diffusion capacity outcomes of patients with thoracic sarcoidosis. A longitudinal study was conducted on 42 nonsmoking patients with thoracic sarcoidosis (median age = 46.5 years, 22 females). At the first evaluation, spirometry, the measurement of single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D LCOsb) and CPET were performed. Five years later, the patients underwent a second evaluation consisting of spirometry and D LCOsb measurement. After 5 years, forced vital capacity (FVC) percent and D LCOsb percent had decreased significantly [95.5 (82-105) vs 87.5 (58-103) and 93.5 (79-103) vs 84.5 (44-102), respectively; P < 0.0001 for both]. In CPET, the peak oxygen uptake, maximum respiratory rate, breathing reserve, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradient at peak exercise (P(A-a)O2), and Δ SpO2 values showed a strong correlation with the relative differences for FVC percent and D LCOsb percent (P < 0.0001 for all). P(A-a)O2 ≥22 mmHg and breathing reserve ≤40 percent were identified as significant independent variables for the decline in pulmonary function. Patients with thoracic sarcoidosis showed a significant reduction in FVC percent and D LCOsb percent after 5 years of follow-up. These data show that the outcome measures of CPET are predictors of the decline of pulmonary function.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teste de Esforço , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Capacidade Vital/fisiologia , Tolerância ao Exercício , Volume Expiratório Forçado/fisiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , EspirometriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationships between milk intake and body mass index (BMI) in a representative sample of the mainland Portuguese population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: National Health Interview Survey 1998-1999. Average daily milk intake was calculated by a frequency questionnaire that also assessed the average volume of one serving. BMI was derived from the subject's reported height and weight. SUBJECTS: A total of 17,771 men and 19 742 women aged > or =18 y. RESULTS: In men, milk intake was inversely related to BMI (r = -0.10, P < 0.001), whereas the relationship in women was weaker (r = -0.06, P < 0.001). In men, prevalence of milk consumers was lower in obese (62%) and in overweight (68%) than in normal weight subjects (71%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, region, physical activity, smoking, number of meals and educational level, milk intake decreased with increasing BMI (adjusted mean +/- s.e.: 280 +/- 5, 266 +/- 5 and 246 +/- 7 ml/day for normal, overweight and obese subjects, respectively, P < 0.001), even after excluding subjects who did not consume milk (368 +/- 5, 353 +/- 6 and 346 +/- 8 ml/day, P < 0.02). In women, prevalence of milk consumers was lower in obese (71%) and in overweight (72%) than in normal weight subjects (76%, P < 0.001). In women younger than 55 y, milk intake decreased with increased BMI categories (291 +/- 9, 271 +/- 10 and 269 +/- 11 ml/day for normal, overweight and obese subjects, respectively, P < 0.001), whereas no relationship was found in the older group. CONCLUSIONS: Increased calcium intake is slightly but significantly negatively related with BMI in men and premenopausal women. The lack of relationship in older women might be due to the hormonal status, but awaits further investigation.
Assuntos
Leite , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Animais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Cálcio da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Menopausa/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/fisiologia , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Portugal/epidemiologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
We performed a serological study with sera from 92 patients with confirmed sporotrichosis registered between 1999 and 2004 in two hospitals in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The clinical presentation of sporotrichosis was distributed as follows: lymphocutaneous, 67%; fixed cutaneous, 23%; disseminated cutaneous, 8%; and extracutaneous, 2%. Sera were assayed by ELISA against a cell wall antigen of Sporothrix schenckii, SsCBF, that we have previously described. The cross-reactivity was determined with 77 heterologous sera. The serological test showed a sensitivity of 90% and a global efficiency of 86%. A group of 55 patients with several clinical presentations of sporotrichosis was clinically and serologically followed-up for at least 6 months. We observed by ELISA data a decrease in the antibody serum titers which correlated with the progress in healing. An HIV-positive patient with meningeal sporotrichosis was serologically followed-up for over 2 years. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were examined and significant antibodies levels against the antigen SsCBF were detected. Our results strongly suggest that this serological test is valuable for the differential diagnosis and follow-up of all clinical forms of sporotrichosis.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Fungos/química , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Sporothrix/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esporotricose/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Anticorpos Antifúngicos/sangue , Anticorpos Antifúngicos/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Parede Celular , Glicopeptídeos/química , Infecções por HIV/microbiologia , Humanos , Proteínas de Plantas , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Esporotricose/sangue , Esporotricose/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
A rat model has been developed to examine the possible role of homocytotropic antibodies in initiating or exacerbating synovial inflammation. The technique, passive synovial anaphylaxis, involves passively sensitizing rat knee joints with specific IgE, then challenging intravenously with the corresponding antigen while monitoring for signs of inflammation. Swelling of the sensitized joints reached maximum 2 h after the challenge, then gradually decreased to prechallenge levels by 24 h. Radioisotopic joint scans detected a passive synovial anaphylaxis induced increase in local blood flow and exudation within the joints. The degree of swelling correlated directly with the amount of antigen specific IgE in the sensitizing serum, and individual joints remained sensitized for up to 36 days after the IgE injection.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade/complicações , Sinovite/etiologia , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Dinitrofenóis/análise , Dinitrofenóis/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Imunoglobulina E/análise , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Articulação do Joelho/imunologia , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos BN , Ratos Endogâmicos , Soroalbumina Bovina/imunologia , Sinovite/imunologia , Fatores de Tempo , Coqueluche/imunologiaRESUMO
Homocytotropic antibody was stimulated in animals by administering protein antigens in a vaccine with B. pertussis adjuvant. The titers of the allergic antibody responses were judged by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions. Sera or globulin fractions containing high titers of antibody activity were injected into the knee joints of experimental animals. After sufficient delay for unfixed proteins to be cleared from the knee joints, animals were challenged intravenously with the corresponding antigen. The resultant local reaction of swelling and warmth (passive synovial anaphylaxis) was judged visually and by scanning procedures. Histological studies showed evidence of mast cell degranulation concurrent with synovial reaction.
Assuntos
Artrite/imunologia , Membrana Sinovial/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos/imunologia , Antígenos/imunologia , Artrite/patologia , Contagem de Células , Degranulação Celular , Azul Evans , Imunização , Articulações/irrigação sanguínea , Articulações/imunologia , Mastócitos/patologia , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Coelhos , Pele/imunologiaRESUMO
We determined the effect of fish oil (FO) ingestion on colonic carcinogenesis in rats. Male Wistar rats received 4 subcutaneous injections (40 mg/kg body weight each) of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at 3-day intervals and were fed a diet containing 18 percent by weight FO (N = 10) or soybean oil (SO, N = 10) for 36 weeks. At sacrifice, the colon was removed, aberrant crypt foci were counted and the fatty acid profile was determined. Intestinal tumors were removed and classified as adenoma or carcinoma. Liver and feces were collected and analyzed for fatty acid profile. FO reduced the mean (± SEM) number of aberrant crypt foci compared to SO (113.55 ± 6.97 vs 214.60 ± 18.61; P < 0.05) and the incidence of adenoma (FO: 20 percent vs SO: 100 percent), but carcinoma occurred equally in FO and SO rats (2 animals per group). The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profile of the colon was affected by diet (P < 0.05): total ù-3 (FO: 8.18 ± 0.97 vs SO: 1.71 ± 0.54 percent) and total ù-6 (FO: 3.83 ± 0.59 vs SO: 10.43 ± 1.28 percent). The same occurred in the liver (P < 0.05): total ù-3 (FO: 34.41 ± 2.6 vs SO: 6.46 ± 0.59 percent) and total ù-6 (FO: 8.73 ± 1.37 vs SO: 42.12 ± 2.33 percent). The PUFA profile of the feces and liver polyamine levels did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings indicate that chronic FO ingestion protected against the DMH-induced preneoplastic colon lesions and adenoma development, but not against carcinoma in rats.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Adenocarcinoma/prevenção & controle , Carcinoma/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/prevenção & controle , Adenocarcinoma/induzido quimicamente , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Carcinógenos , Carcinoma/induzido quimicamente , Carcinoma/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/induzido quimicamente , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: As complicações respiratórias são as principais causas de aumento da morbidade e da mortalidade em indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia de andar superior do abdômen. A eficácia dos procedimentos fisioterapêuticos precisa ser melhor definida, assim como é necessário o conhecimento da melhor estratégia terapêutica a ser implementada. OBJETIVO: Comparar o volume inspiratório mobilizado durante a técnica de breath stacking, com o volume na inspirometria de incentivo em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia abdominal. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Doze pacientes, no primeiro dia de pós-operatório, foram orientados a inspirar profundamente por meio do inspirômetro de incentivo Voldyne® e a realizar esforços inspiratórios sucessivos pela máscara facial adaptada para realização da manobra de breath stacking. Cada técnica foi realizada cinco vezes de acordo com a randomização. No período pré-operatório, os pacientes realizaram prova espirométrica, foram avaliados e instruídos quanto à realização das técnicas. Um ventilômetro de Wright® permitiu o registro da capacidade inspiratória. RESULTADOS: A capacidade inspiratória foi significativamente maior durante o breath stacking do que durante a inspirometria de incentivo, tanto no pré quanto no pós-operatório. Houve redução significativa dos volumes após o procedimento cirúrgico, independentemente da técnica realizada. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica de breath stacking mostrou-se eficaz e superior à inspirometria de incentivo para a geração e sustentação de volumes inspiratórios. Por não haver descrição de efeitos adversos, essa técnica pode, provavelmente, ser utilizada de forma segura e eficaz, principalmente em pacientes pouco cooperativos.
BACKGROUND: Respiratory complications are the main causes of increased morbidity and mortality in individuals who undergo upper abdominal surgery. The efficacy of physical therapy procedures needs clarification, and it is necessary to know which therapeutic approaches are the best ones to implement. OBJECTIVE: To compare the inspiratory volume during the breath stacking maneuver with the volume during incentive spirometry, in abdominal surgery patients. METHODS: Twelve patients, on their first postoperative day, were instructed to take a deep breath through the VoldyneTM incentive spirometer and to make successive inspiratory efforts using a facemask that had been adapted for performing the breath stacking maneuver. Each technique was performed five times according to the randomization. Before the operation, the patients performed a spirometric test. They were also assessed and instructed about the procedures. A WrightTM ventilometer allowed inspiratory capacity to be recorded. RESULTS: The inspiratory capacity during breath stacking was significantly higher than during incentive spirometry, both before and after the operation. There was a significant reduction in volumes after the surgical procedure, independent of the technique performed. CONCLUSIONS: The breath stacking technique was shown to be effective. This technique was better than incentive spirometry for generating and sustaining inspiratory volumes. Since no adverse effects have been described, this technique can probably be used safely and effectively, particularly in uncooperative patients.