The Effect of Music on Labor Pain and Duration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: The use of music in obstetrics increases every day, and it is extensively used in the control of labor pain. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of music on labor pain and duration. Design and Setting: This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out between October 15 and November 15, 2022. The search was done in the PubMed and ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, Ovid, EBSCO CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library databases. Outcomes meassures: According to the inclusion criteria, 12 studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis were determined. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the RoB 2 tool. Results: Twelve articles were included in this study. According to the study results, listening to music was revealed to be statistically significantly effective in reducing pain intensity in terms of relieving labor pain (SMD:-0.98, Z=8.33, P < .001). Listening to music in the active phase was found to further decrease pain intensity compared to the latent phase (latent phase: SMD:-0.56 and active phase: SMD:-1.26), but it did not affect labor duration (MD:-0.76, Z=1.72, P = .09). Conclusion: Listening to music was determined to be effective in reducing pain intensity. The music genre selected by the researchers was found to further reduce pain intensity during labor compared to pregnant women's own choices, and it was elucidated that listening to music with headphones was effective in pain control but listening to music did not affect labor duration. PROSPERO Registration no: CRD42022367480.

The effect of pelvic floor muscle exercises applied during pregnancy on genito-pelvic pain level in postpartum period.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The goal of the study is to determine the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercises on genito-pelvic pain levels during the postpartum period. METHODS: The data of the study, which was carried out in a randomized controlled experimental design, were collected in the antenatal policlinic of a public hospital from June-December 2019. There were 60 pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. Pelvic floor muscle exercises were applied to the pregnant women in the experimental group from the 30th week of gestation to the 6th week postpartum. The control group was not given pelvic floor muscle exercise training, and only data collection forms were filled in. During the study, the Descriptive Form, Verbal Category Scale, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20, and Labour and Postpartum Information Form were given to the pregnant women in both groups. RESULTS: After pregnant women in the experimental group performed pelvic floor muscle exercises, pain levels were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.01). Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 total score and sub-dimension scores of the experimental group were statistically significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.01). In addition, a statistically significant difference was found (p < 0.01) in the postpartum 72 h findings of the experimental group in which pelvic floor muscle exercises were applied compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: According to the result of the study, as the gestational weeks progress, the genito-pelvic pain increases. Pelvic floor muscle exercises applied during pregnancy prevent the development and progression of pelvic floor disorders in both the antenatal and postnatal periods. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05343520.

Psychometric properties of the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE-24) Scale.

The objective of this study is to conduct a reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of the 'Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE-24)' in pregnant women. In the Turkish version, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.75, and the item-total score correlations were between 0.75 and 0.85. In the exploratory factor analysis it was determined that the scale had a single-factor structure explaining 65.968% of the total variance. The factor load values of the scale were found to be between 0.776 and 0.831. The Turkish version of scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement in pregnant women.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Complaints of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy are common. Therefore, it is important to evaluate nausea and vomiting during pregnancy with a valid and reliable tool. Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE-24) is a reliable tool for assessing the severity of nausea and vomiting symptoms. The original scale was translated into various languages, its validity and reliability were made in some countries and it was used in many studies.What do the results of this study add? The present study showed that Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE-24) is valid and reliable for Turkish pregnant women. Thus, the scale can be used as a reliable tool in Turkish population.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? As a result of this study, Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE-24) can be used as a validated tool for the Turkish population during clinical practice by healthcare professionals and researchers, who are evaluating nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. In future studies, it can be used as an objective assessment tool to determine whether an intervention is needed for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy or to reveal whether the intervention has worked.

Body image perceptions of pregnant women in the third trimester in Turkey: A qualitative study.

RATIONALE: Body image undergoes significant changes during pregnancy, marking a pivotal phase in a woman's life. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the body image perceptions of primiparous pregnant women during their third trimester. METHODS: Employing a qualitative research approach grounded in phenomenology, the study involved interviews to explore the experiences of primiparous pregnant women in their third trimester. The interviews were conducted via an online platform, with a sample group of 13 participants chosen through purposive sampling. Data analysis followed a content analysis approach, with the information being transferred to MAXQDA Analytics Pro Qualitative Data Analysis Programme for coding. The study adhered to the reporting guidelines outlined in the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. RESULTS: Systematic analysis of the interview transcripts led to the identification of three main themes under the overarching framework of body image experiences among primiparous pregnant women during the third trimester: Physical Changes, Mental Changes, and Behavioural and Social Changes. Among the identified themes, pregnant women demonstrated a relatively lower level of discourse regarding Physical Changes, in contrast to a significant emphasis on Mental Changes. Within the latter theme, pregnant women exhibited significant dissatisfaction with their pregnancy experiences significantly. CONCLUSION: It was determined that pregnant women experience physical and psychological changes related to body image during pregnancy.

Prevalence of urinary incontinence in pregnant women in Turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Urinary incontinence is a common complaint in pregnant women. The prevalence of urinary incontinence increases as the week of gestation progresses. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in pregnant women, types of urinary incontinence during pregnancy, and the prevalence of urinary incontinence by trimesters in Turkey. STUDY DESING: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. The publications meeting the inclusion criteria were searched between the dates September 1-30, 2022. A search was done in the PubMed and ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, Ovid, EBSCO CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library databases. The methodological quality of the studies was examined with the checklist developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS: Twenty articles were included in this study. According to the study results, the estimated urinary incontinence prevalence in pregnant women was 35 % (95 % CI: 0.288-0.423 Z:-3.984, p = 0.000, I2: 96.574), urinary incontinence was most frequently observed in the third trimester, and its estimated prevalence was 32 % (95 % CI:0.230-0.419 Z:-3.428, p = 0.001, I2: 96.400). Considering types of urinary incontinence during pregnancy, the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence was found in 10 studies, and according to the combined results of these studies, the estimated prevalence of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy was 29 % (95 % CI:0.223-0.365, Z:-5.077, p = 0.000, I2: 94.678). CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that pregnancy increased the probability of urinary incontinence. While it is determined to be mostly experienced in the third trimester, approximately-one-third of pregnant women experience stress urinary incontinence. PROSPERO Registration no: CRD42022338643.

The effect of yoga on sexual function and body image in primiparous pregnant Women: A randomized controlled single-blind study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of yoga practice during pregnancy on sexual function and body image. STUDY DESING: This study was planned as a randomized controlled single-blind trial. The study was performed with 140 pregnant women randomized in a pregnancy outpatient clinic of a hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between March and September 2021. Two groups (A: yoga group and B: routine hospital care) were included in this study. The Personal Information Form, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Body Exposure During Sexual Activity Questionnaire (BESAQ) were used to collect the data. CLINICAL TRIAL ID: "NCT04764838″ RESULTS: The groups were homogeneously distributed, except for age and income status. The mean score of the Female Sexual Function Index in the yoga group was significantly higher in the post-test (24.71 ± 3.48) compared to the pre-test (22.95 ± 4.14) (t:-3.142; p: 0.002). In the control group, there was no difference between the pre-test (24.82 ± 6.15) and post-test (25.79 ± 2.47) mean scores of the Female Sexual Function Index (t:-1.351; p: 0.181). There was no significant difference between the groups' pre-test and post-test mean BESAQ scores (Z = -0.670, p = 0.503; Z = -0.225, p = 0.822, respectively). No correlation was found between the pre-test and post-test scores of the FSFI and BESAQ (r = -0.105; p = 0.218; r = -0.099; p = 0.244). CONCLUSION: Yoga can have a positive effect on sexual function during pregnancy. However, the effect of yoga on body image during sexual function has not been observed. Midwives can direct pregnant women toward yoga practice to increase the positive effects on sexual function.

Evaluation of the Attitudes of Midwifery Students Towards Gender Roles.

Gender is the whole of behaviors, responsibilities, and roles that society expects from women and men. This study was conducted to evaluate the attitudes of midwifery students studying at a university toward gender roles. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. This study was conducted at a public university in Istanbul between March and June 2015. The study was completed with 213 midwifery students. During the planning stage of the study, written consent was obtained from the ethics committee and the institution from which the data would be obtained. The "Personal Information Form" and the "Gender Roles Attitude Scale - GRAS" were used in the data collection. SPSS 21 package program was used in the data analysis. It was determined that the age average of the students included in the study was 19.85 ± 1.54 years, 33.3% of them graduated from a Private High School/Anatolian High School, and 38% of them studied in the first grade. The total score obtained by students from the Gender Role Attitudes Scale was 153.48 ± 17.44, and it was found out that they had an egalitarian attitude. It is observed that students who have graduated from a Private/an Anatolian High School have a higher level of scores on the attitude toward gender than those who have graduated from other high school types. It can be stated that midwifery students have an egalitarian attitude toward gender roles and that the education they receive has a positive effect on the egalitarian attitude.

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The objective of the present research was to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) in Turkey by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS: In the current research, 22 primary studies published between January 2005 and January 2019 were investigated. FINDINGS: Low educational and income levels of both the woman and her partner, unintended marriage and pregnancy, living in a crowded family, a high number of children and a history of violence, unemployment of the partner, and the consumption of alcohol are the most significant risk factors of IPVP. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study shows that violence against women, which is a serious problem in Turkey as well as all over the world, also continues in a critical period, such as the pregnancy period.