RESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To audit variations in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) anatomical failure rates between surgeons, grades of surgeons, and techniques of RD surgery. METHODS: Clinical data of a total of 5,857 eyes undergoing primary RD surgery, from 2000 to 2013 were retrospectively extracted from 15 centers using the same commercially available electronic medical record system, from three vitreoretinal units using an in-house electronic medical record, and from the British and Eire Association of Vitreoretinal Surgeons online registry. RESULTS: The 5,857 primary RD operations were performed by 117 surgeons: 3,349 (57.2%) by consultants, 520 (8.9%) by independent nonconsultants, and 1,988 (33.9%) by trainees. Surgery comprised pars plana vitrectomy for 4,666 (79.7%) operations, scleral buckle for 815 (13.9%), and pars plana vitrectomy + scleral buckle for 376 (6.4%). The RD reoperation rate at 6 months after primary surgery was 13.9% (725/5,202) and did not differ significantly between consultants and trainees (P = 0.382). For surgeons contributing ≥50 cases, the mean (range) reoperation rates were 13.1% (6.7%-26.8%), 15.1% (11.3%-18.2%), and 15.3% (9.4%-22.1%) for consultants, independent nonconsultants, and trainee surgeons, respectively. The scleral buckle failure rate was not significantly different from pars plana vitrectomy (P = 0.095). Data were not adjusted for case-mix complexity. CONCLUSION: The grades of surgeons and the technique of surgery were not associated with a significant difference in primary unadjusted RD failure rates.
Assuntos
Oftalmologistas/estatística & dados numéricos , Oftalmologia/organização & administração , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Sociedades Médicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgia Vitreorretiniana , Adulto , Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Falha de Tratamento , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate time to pseudophakic retinal detachment (RD) after cataract surgery with posterior capsule rupture (PCR) to provide an evidence-based guide for postoperative management. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 61 907 eyes of 46 824 patients undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS: Subanalysis of the United Kingdom Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database from 13 sites where data on both cataract and vitreoretinal surgery were recorded on the same electronic medical records system. Overall, 61 907 cataract operations were performed between October 2006 and August 2010. Analyses were restricted to cases with at least 3 months of potential postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: Pseudophakic RD surgery was performed on 131 eyes of 129 patients (0.21%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18%-0.25%). Of these, 36 were in eyes that had PCR during cataract surgery (3.27%; 95% CI, 2.37%-4.50%) and 95 were in eyes that did not have PCR (0.16%; 95% CI, 0.13%-0.19%). For eyes that progressed to RD surgery, the median time to pseudophakic RD surgery was 44 days for eyes with PCR, and 6.3 months for eyes without PCR. For all eyes (both with and without PCR), pseudophakic RD occurred earlier in cases performed by a trainee cataract surgeon. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudophakic RD occurs earlier after cataract surgery complicated by PCR. Surgeon grade is a risk factor for pseudophakic RD. Posterior vitreous detachment and RD symptoms should be discussed with patients who undergo cataract surgery and have PCR to facilitate early attendance, and careful dilated postoperative examination for retinal tears is recommended in the first 2 months after surgery.
Assuntos
Extração de Catarata/efeitos adversos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Ruptura da Cápsula Posterior do Olho/etiologia , Pseudofacia/etiologia , Descolamento Retiniano/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ruptura da Cápsula Posterior do Olho/cirurgia , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Medicina Estatal , Fatores de Tempo , Reino UnidoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To audit the natural history of vitreomacular traction, and the risks and benefits of surgery. METHODS: Database study of 1,254 patients (1,399 eyes) with vitreomacular traction from 16 UK vitreoretinal units. RESULTS: The median age was 75 years, with 36.2% of patients diagnosed as diabetic. In 986 (70.5%) eyes managed conservatively, the median presenting logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity of 0.30 (Snellen 20/40) was unchanged over follow-up. Of 413 eyes (29.5%) that required pars plana vitrectomy, the median preoperative visual acuity improved from 0.60 to 0.50 (20/80-20/63), 6 months to 12 months after surgery, with 33% gaining at least 0.3 units (approximately 2 Snellen lines). Vitrectomy was combined with internal limiting membrane peel in 43.8%, epiretinal membrane peel in 42.4%, gas/air tamponade in 46.2%, and cataract surgery in 27.9%. One or more intraoperative complications occurred in 12.6%; most commonly retinal breaks (8.0%), retinal trauma (1.9%), and retinal hemorrhage (1.0%). Postoperative retinal detachment occurred in 2.7% and macular hole in 2.2%. The 1, 2, and 3 year rates of postvitrectomy cataract surgery were 28.2%, 38.2%, and 42.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Many eyes with vitreomacular traction have stable visual acuity. Those progressing to vitrectomy have relatively modest visual acuity gains, and complications are not infrequent.
Assuntos
Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Retinianas/cirurgia , Vitrectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Descolamento do Vítreo/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Bases de Dados Factuais , Membrana Epirretiniana/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Auditoria Médica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Observação , Doenças Retinianas/diagnóstico , Doenças Retinianas/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Aderências Teciduais/diagnóstico , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Descolamento do Vítreo/diagnóstico , Descolamento do Vítreo/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report pragmatic outcomes from a database study of epiretinal membrane surgery. METHODS: Prospective anonymized clinical audit data from electronic medical records were pooled over 10 years into a national database, from 1,131 primary epiretinal membrane operations, by 69 surgeons, in 16 U.K. vitreoretinal units. RESULTS: The median age of 1,131 patients was 71.6 years. A pars plana vitrectomy and epiretinal membrane peel were combined with internal limiting membrane peel in 17.0% of operations, and cataract surgery in 49.9%. Use of general anesthesia declined from 94.1% in 2001 to 28.9% in 2010. One or more intraoperative complication occurred in 9.8% (8.1% excluding cataract surgery complications). The median preoperative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity improved from 0.60 to 0.30 (Snellen 20/80-20/40) after a median follow-up of 7.0 months; 41.7% of eyes improved ≥0.30 logMAR units (approximately 2 Snellen's lines). The percentages of eyes undergoing subsequent surgery were 3.3%, 1.0%, 0.4%, and 0.8% for epiretinal membrane, retinal detachment, macular hole, and other vitreoretinal indications, respectively. Excluding pseudophakic eyes, 51.7%, 73.2%, and 76.2% of eyes underwent cataract surgery within 1 year, 2 year, and 3 years respectively. CONCLUSION: These results may help vitreoretinal surgeons to benchmark their surgical outcomes, and patients to assess the risks and benefits of surgery.
Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Membrana Epirretiniana/cirurgia , Auditoria Médica , Oftalmologia/organização & administração , Cirurgia Vitreorretiniana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anestesia Geral/estatística & dados numéricos , Membrana Epirretiniana/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Descolamento Retiniano/epidemiologia , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Perfurações Retinianas/epidemiologia , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Sociedades Médicas/organização & administração , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) surgery. DESIGN: National Ophthalmology Database study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3403 eyes from 3321 patients undergoing primary RD surgery. METHODS: Participating centers prospectively collected clinical data using a single electronic medical record system, with automatic extraction of anonymized data to a national database, from 2002 to 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Description of the primary procedures performed, intraoperative complication rate, and proportion of eyes undergoing subsequent RD or cataract surgery. We undertook an exploratory analysis of change in visual acuity (VA) using the data available. RESULTS: Of 3403 operations, 2693 (79.1%) were pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), 413 (12.1%) were retinopexy with a scleral buckle (SB), and 297 (8.7%) were PPV with an SB (PPV-SB). For PPV and PPV-SB, 18.8% were with hexafluoroethane, 12.1% were with perfluoropropane, 43.1% were with sulfahexafluoride, 1.8% were with air, 17.9% were with silicone oil, and 10.7% were with cataract surgery. Within 1 year of vitrectomy, 52.1% of phakic eyes had undergone cataract surgery. For all RD operations combined (and excluding cataract surgery complications), 5.1% had 1 or more intraoperative complication, 13.0% underwent further RD surgery, and 8.3% had silicone oil in situ at last review. The RD reoperation rate was 13.3%, 12.3%, and 14.5% for PPV, SB, and PPV-SB, respectively. For 961 eyes with a baseline and final VA measurement, the median presenting logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution VA improved from 1.0 to 0.5 (20/200-20/63) after a median follow-up of 0.6 years. CONCLUSIONS: These results may help vitreoretinal surgeons to benchmark their intraoperative complication rate and reoperation rate and to compare their surgical techniques with their peers'. They suggest that the benefits of RD surgery greatly outweigh the risks.
Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Oftalmologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Cirurgia Vitreorretiniana , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ar , Extração de Catarata , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Tamponamento Interno , Feminino , Fluorocarbonos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Lactente , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reoperação , Descolamento Retiniano/fisiopatologia , Óleos de Silicone/administração & dosagem , Reino Unido , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Cirurgia Vitreorretiniana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of the silicone tipped irrigation/aspiration (I/A) handpiece CapsuleGuard® (Bausch + Lomb, Laval, Canada) reduced rates of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) during cataract surgery. METHODS: Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database (NOD) Cataract Audit data from 01/04/2010 and 31/03/2021 and Bausch + Lomb sales figures were combined to identify centres participating in national cataract audit who have routinely adopted the silicone tipped I/A handpiece, CapsuleGuard®. Data were included only from centres with eligible cataract operations recorded on the NOD both before and after adopting CapsuleGuard®. Review of the literature was undertaken to estimate the proportion of PCR that occurs during I/A, to evaluate the impact of adoption of CapsuleGuard® on PCR occurring in this phase of surgery. RESULTS: Within the study period, 267 371 eligible cataract operations were performed in 14 centres with >50 eligible operations both before and after adopting CapsuleGuard®. Within centres adopting CapsuleGuard®, the rate of PCR occurrence reduction was 16.4%. Before and after the adoption of CapsuleGuard® the median change of PCR was 21.7% reduction (IQR: 4.8% to 37.7% reduction). CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in the rate of PCR was seen after regular adoption of CapsuleGuard® during cataract operations. Review of published studies attributing PCR to various components of the cataract operation suggest around 25% of PCR may occur during I/A; adoption of CapsuleGuard may, therefore, be associated with avoidance of a substantial proportion of the PCR during that phase of surgery.
Assuntos
Extração de Catarata , Bases de Dados Factuais , Oftalmologia , Ruptura da Cápsula Posterior do Olho , Humanos , Extração de Catarata/estatística & dados numéricos , Ruptura da Cápsula Posterior do Olho/epidemiologia , Ruptura da Cápsula Posterior do Olho/etiologia , Oftalmologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Feminino , Irrigação Terapêutica/estatística & dados numéricos , IdosoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cataract surgical safety has improved over recent decades, with endophthalmitis rates before 2006 typically 0.13-0.15% compared with the most recent UK national estimate of 0.02%. There remains, however, substantial variation in reported rates from different centres. Due to the low event rate, this disparity may not be noticed and opportunities to improve therefore be missed. We propose a method of monitoring post-cataract endophthalmitis rates that would help centres with higher rates identify this. METHODS: A statistical tool, available to download or use online, permits comparison of local endophthalmitis rate with the estimated UK rate of 0.02%. Centres are encouraged to maintain a register of endophthalmitis cases, and when the number reaches a threshold (X cases), either in a certain time period or in a fixed number of procedures, then the centre can consider itself as an outlier and trigger local investigations to improve infection control. RESULTS: Example outputs are offered, such as for a unit doing 5000 cataracts annually, a value of X is suggested such that the third case of endophthalmitis (X = 3) in a 12-month period would give 85% confidence, the fourth case 90% confidence and the fifth case 95% confidence that the true endophthalmitis rate for that unit was higher than the national average. CONCLUSIONS: This statistical tool provides a basis for units to set a threshold number of cases of endophthalmitis within a given period that would trigger local processes, thus helping inform local monitoring processes for this rare but potentially catastrophic complication of cataract surgery.
Assuntos
Extração de Catarata , Bases de Dados Factuais , Endoftalmite , Oftalmologia , Humanos , Endoftalmite/epidemiologia , Endoftalmite/prevenção & controle , Endoftalmite/etiologia , Extração de Catarata/efeitos adversos , Extração de Catarata/estatística & dados numéricos , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Oftalmologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Sociedades MédicasRESUMO
PURPOSE: To study macular hole (MH) surgery in terms of baseline demographics, intraoperative complications, post-vitrectomy cataract, reoperation, and visual outcome. DESIGN: National Ophthalmology Database study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1078 eyes from 1045 patients undergoing primary MH surgery. METHODS: Participating centers prospectively collected clinical data using a single electronic medical record (EMR) system, with automatic extraction of anonymized data to a national database, over 8 years. The following data were extracted for eyes undergoing MH surgery: demographics, procedure elements, intraoperative complications, visual acuity (VA), and further surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Description of the primary procedures performed, intraoperative complication rate, change in VA, proportion of eyes undergoing subsequent surgery for persisting MH, cataract, or retinal detachment. RESULTS: The median age was 70.3 years, with a 2.2:1 female preponderance. All operations included a pars plana vitrectomy (PPV)-41.1% with hexafluoroethane (C2F6), 25.6% with perfluoropropane (C3F8), 24.5% with sulfahexafluoride (SF6), 2.2% with air, and 0.4% with silicone oil. A PPV was combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel in 94.1% and cataract surgery in 40.5%. One or more intraoperative complications occurred in 12.4%. The median presenting logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) VA improved from 0.80 to 0.50 after a median follow-up of 0.6 years; 57.8% of eyes improved ≥0.30 logMAR units (â¼2 Snellen lines). The choice of gas tamponade did not significantly influence the visual outcome, but eyes undergoing ILM peel were significantly more likely to gain ≥0.30 logMAR units, as were eyes with poor presenting VA. Subsequently, 4.2% of eyes underwent repeat surgery for MH and 2.4% for retinal detachment, and, excluding pseudophakic eyes, 64.6% underwent cataract surgery within 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides pooled, anonymized data on the demographics, complications, and visual outcome of MH surgery. This may enable vitreoretinal surgeons to benchmark their case-mix and outcomes, and facilitate risk-benefit and cost-benefit analyses.
Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Oftalmologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Cirurgia Vitreorretiniana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Tamponamento Interno , Feminino , Fluorocarbonos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Reoperação , Perfurações Retinianas/epidemiologia , Hexafluoreto de Enxofre/administração & dosagem , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Vitrectomia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) is the most common long-term post-operative adverse occurrence after cataract surgery often requiring treatment with YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors, known at the time of cataract surgery, that influence the development of PCO. SUBJECT/METHODS: A retrospective study of publicly funded cataract surgery from The Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database. Eligible for analysis were 500,872 cataract operations performed in 41 participating centres. RESULTS: The 500,872 operations were performed on 243,167 (48.5%) left eyes and 257,705 (51.5%) right eyes from 373,579 patients by 2196 surgeons. Post-cataract PCO was recorded for 61,778 (12.3%) eyes and the six month, one, three, five and nine year observed rates of PCO were 2.3%, 4.4%, 19.7%, 34.0% and 46.9% respectively. Different PCO profiles were observed between IOL materials and the identified risk factors that increased the risk of developing PCO included hydrophilic IOL material, axial length >26 mm, the presence of high myopia and implantation of lower IOL powers and previous vitrectomy surgery, along with younger age and female gender. CONCLUSIONS: Many factors influence the development of PCO relating to the patient, the eye, the lens and the surgery. Some factors are modifiable such as IOL material, therefore the opportunity exists to attempt to reduce PCO rates, benefitting patients and the UK NHS.
Assuntos
Opacificação da Cápsula , Catarata , Cápsula do Cristalino , Lentes Intraoculares , Oftalmologistas , Oftalmologia , Humanos , Feminino , Opacificação da Cápsula/epidemiologia , Opacificação da Cápsula/etiologia , Opacificação da Cápsula/cirurgia , Implante de Lente Intraocular/efeitos adversos , Lentes Intraoculares/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cápsula do Cristalino/cirurgia , Catarata/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. Within the UK, publicly funded cataract surgery is remunerated by two models: (1) "block contract" (BC), which commissions organisations to deliver whole service pathways without considering specific activity items; or (2) "payment by results" (PbR), which pays a tariff price for each procedure. This study aimed to examine the association between remuneration model and the cost and types of IOL used. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cataract operations recorded on the Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database were included, with additional data collected for remuneration model from NHS England and cost of IOL from the NHS Spend Comparison Service. RESULTS: We included 907,052 cataract operations from 87 centres. The majority of operations were performed in PbR centres (456 198, 50.3%), followed by BC centres (240 641, 26.5%) and mixed models centres (210 213, 23.2%). The mean price of hydrophobic (n = 7) and hydrophilic IOLs (n = 5) were £45.72 and £42.86, respectively. Hydrophobic IOLs were predominantly used (650 633, 71.7%) and were significantly more commonly used in centres remunerated by BC (96.5% vs. 3.5%) than those by PbR (65.7% vs. 34.3%) when compared to hydrophilic IOLs (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the IOL choice may be perversely incentivised by the IOL cost and remuneration model. Although hydrophobic IOLs are more expensive at the point of surgery, their potential longer-term cost-effectiveness due to reduced requirement for YAG capsulotomy should be considered.
Assuntos
Extração de Catarata , Catarata , Lentes Intraoculares , Oftalmologistas , Oftalmologia , Humanos , Implante de Lente Intraocular/métodos , Remuneração , Inglaterra , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To identify variables associated with primary anatomical outcome following vitrectomy and internal tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, using a database of RD treated with vitrectomy and internal tamponade. Collected data complied with the RCOphth Retinal Detachment Dataset. The main outcome measure was anatomical failure within six months of surgery. RESULTS: There were 6377 vitrectomies. 869 eyes were excluded, either because no outcome was recorded, or inadequate follow up, leaving 5508 operations for analysis. 63.9% of patients were male, and the median age was 62. Primary anatomical failure occurred in 13.9%. On multivariate analysis, the following were associated with increased risk of failure: age <45, or >79, inferior retinal breaks, total detachment, one quadrant or greater inferior detachment, low density silicone oil, and presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. C2F6 tamponade, cryotherapy, and 25 G vitrectomy, were associated with reduced risk of failure. The area under the receiver operator curve was 71.7%. According to this model, 54.3% of RD are at low risk (<10%), 35.6% are at moderate risk (10-25%), and 10.1% are at high risk (>25%) of failure. CONCLUSIONS: Previous attempts to identify high risk RD have been limited by small numbers, the inclusion of both scleral buckling and vitrectomy, or by excluding some types of RD. This study examined outcomes in unselected RD, treated by vitrectomy. Identification of the variables associated with anatomical outcome after RD surgery enables accurate risk stratification, which is valuable for patient counselling and selection, and for future clinical trials.
Assuntos
Descolamento Retiniano , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Descolamento Retiniano/etiologia , Vitrectomia/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Recurvamento da Esclera/efeitos adversos , Óleos de Silicone , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe variation in local anesthesia techniques and complications over a 10-year period for cataract surgery in the United Kingdom. SETTING: Reporting centers to the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) National Ophthalmology Database (NOD). DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional register-based study. METHODS: Data from the RCOphth NOD were used. Eligible for analysis were 1 195 882 cataract operations performed using local anesthesia between April 1, 2010, and March 31, 2020, in 80 centers. RESULTS: Overall, topical anesthesia alone was used in 152 321 operations (12.7%), combined topical and intracameral in 522 849 (43.7%), sub-Tenon in 461 175 (38.6%), and peribulbar/retrobulbar in 59 537 (5.0%). In National Health Service (NHS) institutions, 48.3% of operations were topical with/without intracameral vs 88.7% in independent sector treatment centers (ISTCs). 45.9% were sub-Tenon in NHS vs 9.6% in ISTCs. 5.8% were peribulbar/retrobulbar in NHS vs 1.7% in ISTCs. Anesthetic complication rates decreased from 2.7% in the 2010 NHS year to 1.5% in the 2019 NHS year (overall, 2.1% for NHS; 0.2% for ISTCs). Overall anesthetic complication rates were 0.3%, 0.3%, 3.5%, and 3.1% for topical alone, combined topical/intracameral, sub-Tenon, and peribulbar/retrobulbar, respectively. Complication rates were higher for sharp-needle anesthesia (peribulbar/retrobulbar) in patients taking warfarin rather than direct oral anticoagulants (4.8% vs 3.1%; P = .024). Considerable variation was observed between centers on anesthetic choices and anesthetic complication rates. CONCLUSIONS: Combined topical and intracameral is the most common choice of anesthesia for cataract surgery in the United Kingdom and is associated with lower anesthetic-related complication rates than sub-Tenon and peribulbar/retrobulbar anesthesia. Variation in the anesthetic choice exists between centers and between NHS and ISTC sectors.
Assuntos
Anestésicos , Catarata , Oftalmologistas , Oftalmologia , Humanos , Anestesia Local/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medicina Estatal , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence of acute intraoperative suprachoroidal haemorrhage (AISH) during cataract surgery and identify the risk factors for this complication. METHODS: Data from the Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database was analysed. During the 11-year study period, from 01/04/2010 to 31/03/2021, 709 083 operations performed on 498 170 patients from 65 centres were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS: AISH occurred in 0.03% (204/709 083, approximately 1 in 3 500) of eligible cataract operations performed during the study period. Posterior capsule rupture was the risk factor most strongly associated with AISH (OR: 17.6, 95% CI: 12.4-24.9, p < 0.001). Other ocular risk factors identified were raised intraocular pressure (IOP) preoperatively (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 2.5-5.5, p < 0.001), glaucoma (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.4, p = 0.004). Risk increased with age and patients aged over 90 years were at greatest risk (OR: 6.7, 95% CI: 3.5-12.8, p < 0.001). The addition of intracameral anaesthetic when performing surgery under topical anaesthetic appears to be protective (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8, p = 0.003), compared to topical anaesthetic alone. There was a 16-fold increase in the incidence of vision loss when AISH occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of AISH during modern cataract surgery is approximately 1 in 3 500 and is associated with a significant increase in the risk of vision loss should it occur. Posterior capsule rupture is the risk factor most strongly associated with AISH. Preoperative IOP control is a modifiable risk factor. The use of intracameral anaesthesia may reduce the risk of AISH.
Assuntos
Extração de Catarata , Catarata , Glaucoma , Oftalmologistas , Oftalmologia , Humanos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anestésicos Locais , Extração de Catarata/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Glaucoma/epidemiologia , Glaucoma/cirurgia , Glaucoma/etiologia , Catarata/etiologia , Hemorragia/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe the relationships between axial length and intraoperative complications in patients undergoing cataract surgery. DESIGN: Cohort analysis of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database (RCOphth NOD). SETTING: 110 National Health Service Trusts in England, Health Boards in Wales, Independent Sector Treatment Centres and Guernsey. PARTICIPANTS: 820 354 patients, aged 18 years or older, undergoing cataract surgery. Eligible operations were those from centres with at least 50 operations with a recorded axial length measurement and age at surgery between 1 April 2010 and 31 August 2019. INTERVENTIONS: Phacoemulsification where the primary intention was cataract surgery alone. OUTCOME MEASURES: Posterior capsule rupture (PCR) and other recorded intraoperative complications. RESULTS: 1 211 520 eligible operations were performed by 3210 surgeons. The baseline axial length was <21 mm (short eyes) for 17 170 (1.4%) eyes, 21-28 mm (medium eyes) for 1 182 513 (97.6%) eyes and >28 mm (long eyes) for 11 837 (1.0%) eyes. The median age at surgery was younger for patients with long eyes than those with short or medium eyes. The rate of any intraoperative complication was higher for short eyes than medium or long with complication rates of 4.5%, 2.9% and 3.3%, respectively (p<0.001). PCR occurred in 1.40% surgeries overall, and in 1.53%, 1.40% and 1.61% of short, medium and long eyes, respectively (p=0.043, not significant at the 1% level). CONCLUSIONS: Overall PCR rates for cataract surgery in RCOphth NOD contributing centres are lower than previously reported and there is little change in PCR rates by axial length. Short eyes were more likely to have an intraoperative complication than medium or long eyes.
Assuntos
Extração de Catarata , Catarata , Oftalmologistas , Oftalmologia , Facoemulsificação , Catarata/epidemiologia , Extração de Catarata/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medicina Estatal , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
Hair loss was compared between surgery followed by craniospinal radiotherapy (CSRT) or chemotherapy then CSRT (C-CSRT) for medulloblastoma. The proportion of patients exhibiting hair loss in the cranial field was 70.0% (C-CSRT) versus 30.0% (CSRT) (95% CI: 14.7% to 58.9%; P = 0.002). The C-CSRT group also experienced more virtual/complete hair loss over the posterior fossa boost. Age was a significant contributor to hair loss in the cranial field. Persistent significant hair loss is an under-reported late effect of treatment that could influence quality of survival and should be considered in future trial design.
Assuntos
Alopecia/etiologia , Neoplasias Infratentoriais/terapia , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Primitivos/terapia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Neoplasias Infratentoriais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Infratentoriais/radioterapia , Neoplasias Infratentoriais/cirurgia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Primitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Primitivos/radioterapia , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Primitivos/cirurgia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors affecting visual outcomes in successfully re-attached macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) surgery. DESIGN: A prospective study, using online databases, of visual outcomes for 2074 macula-off retinal detachments that were successfully re-attached by vitrectomy and internal tamponade. The database included detailed retinal diagrams of each detachment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The probability of achieving a post-operative visual acuity (VA) of ≤0.30 LogMAR (Snellen 6/12 or better). RESULTS: Male patients accounted for 64.9% of the sample and the median age was 63 years old. The median pre-operative VA was counting fingers (LogMAR 1.98); this improved to 0.41 LogMAR post-operatively. A post-operative VA of ≤0.30 LogMAR was achieved for 1012 (48.8%) eyes and the factors affecting this were the patient age and gender, pre-operative VA, duration of central vision loss, PVR grade, lens status, total RD and the presence of any ocular co-pathology where the model area under the receiver operator curve was 71.6%. CONCLUSIONS: From the identified risk factors that decrease the probability of achieving a post-operative visual acuity of ≤0.30 LogMAR, the most important modifiable risk factor was the duration of central vision loss. Recent macula-off retinal detachments should be repaired within 72 h of the loss of central vision.
Assuntos
Descolamento Retiniano , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Recurvamento da Esclera , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , VitrectomiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether socioeconomic status influenced the presenting visual acuity prior to first eye cataract surgery in the English National Health Service. Retrospective case series from The Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database Audit. In total 154,223 patients undergoing first eye cataract surgery at 68 centres in England performed between 1st September 2015 and 31st August 2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Social deprivation status and pre-operative visual acuity (VA) between centres for patients undergoing first eye cataract surgery in England. RESULTS: The median social deprivation varied between centres and ranged from decile 2 (2nd most deprived decile) to decile 9 (2nd least deprived decile). The pre-operative VA was reported for 143,401 (93.0%) eyes. The median pre-operative VA was 0.50 LogMAR (6/19), and 27.7% eyes had a preoperative VA of 0.30 LogMAR units (6/12) or better. The median pre-operative VA for each centre ranged from 0.30 to 0.60 LogMAR (6/12 to 6/24). The median pre-operative VA was mostly stable across deciles of social deprivation (0.60 LogMAR for decile 1 and 0.50 LogMAR for all other deciles), and some evidence was found linking greater deprivation to worse pre-operative VA and to lower levels of access. CONCLUSIONS: We found no strong evidence of inequality for gaining access to first eye cataract surgery in this National Ophthalmology Database analysis, however there was a possible trend towards fewer people in the more deprived deciles accessing surgery, and that some of these are presenting with quite marked levels of visual impairment.
Assuntos
Extração de Catarata , Catarata , Oftalmologistas , Oftalmologia , Catarata/epidemiologia , Inglaterra , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medicina EstatalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of EyeSi surgical simulators on posterior capsule rupture (PCR) rates of cataract surgery performed by first and second year trainee surgeons. DESIGN: A Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database audit study of first and second year surgeons' PCR rates over seven consecutive National Health Service (NHS) years. Participating centres were contacted to ascertain the date when their surgeons had access to an EyeSi machine and whether this was on-site or off-site. Operations were classified as before, after or no access to EyeSi. SETTING: The study took place in 29 NHS Ophthalmology Units in a secondary care setting. RESULTS: Two-hundred and sixty five first and second year trainee surgeons performed 17 831 cataract operations. 6919 (38.8%) operations were performed before access to an EyeSi, 8648 (48.5%) after access to an EyeSi and 2264 (12.7%) operations by surgeons with no access to an EyeSi. Overall, there was a 38% reduction in the first and second year surgeon's unadjusted PCR rates from 4.2% in 2009 to 2.6% in 2015 for surgeons with access to an EyeSi, and a 3% reduction from 2.9% to 2.8% for surgeons without access to an EyeSi. The overall first and second year unadjusted PCR rates for before, after and no access to EyeSi were 3.5%, 2.6% and 3.8%, respectively. The decrease in the with-access to an EyeSi group PCR rate was similar for surgeons with access to an EyeSi 'on site' or 'off site'. CONCLUSIONS: First and second year trainee surgeons' unadjusted PCR rates have decreased since 2009 which has significant benefits for patients undergoing cataract surgery. This 38% reduction in complication rates aligns with the introduction of EyeSi simulator training.