RESUMO
Over the years the introduction of very effective drugs has revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis. In recent years, however, emerging multiple drug resistance has become a major threat and thus calls for an urgent search for new and effective treatments for this deadly disease. This review is complementary to earlier reviews and covers more recent reports of naturally occurring compounds, and in some cases synthetic analogs, largely from plants, fungi and marine organisms that demonstrate significant activity in the in vitro bioassays against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and other mycobacterial species. Included also are traditional medicinal uses of specific plants when utilized to treat tuberculosis and other pulmonary diseases.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/química , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/química , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Alcaloides/química , Alcaloides/metabolismo , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/metabolismo , Chalcona/química , Chalcona/metabolismo , Chalcona/farmacologia , Cromonas/química , Cromonas/metabolismo , Cromonas/farmacologia , Cumarínicos/química , Cumarínicos/metabolismo , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/metabolismo , Fenóis/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/metabolismo , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/metabolismo , Saponinas/farmacologia , Esteroides/química , Esteroides/metabolismo , Esteroides/farmacologia , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/metabolismo , Terpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Three known alkaloids, isoboldine (2), norisoboldine (1), and magnoflorine (8), have been isolated for the first time from Croton lechleri, a source of the wound healing latex "sangre de grado". An HPLC system was developed, and a large number of latex and leaf samples of C. lechleri from 22 sites in northern Peru and Ecuador were analyzed to gain an understanding of the natural variation in alkaloid content for the species. Up to six alkaloids were found to occur in the leaves including, in addition to those listed above, thaliporphine (3), glaucine (4), and taspine (9), whereas the latex contained only 9. Taspine (9) is the component that has been previously found to be responsible for the wound healing activity of C. lechleri latex, and its mean concentration throughout the range examined was found to be 9% of the latex by dry weight. In addition, three chemotypes are defined based on the alkaloid content of the leaves, and the geographic distribution of these chemotypes is discussed along with a quantitative analysis of the alkaloid content as a function of chemotype.