Randomized controlled trial of health maintenance reminders provided directly to patients through an electronic PHR.

BACKGROUND: Provider and patient reminders can be effective in increasing rates of preventive screenings and vaccinations. However, the effect of patient-directed electronic reminders is understudied. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether providing reminders directly to patients via an electronic Personal Health Record (PHR) improved adherence to care recommendations. DESIGN: We conducted a cluster randomized trial without blinding from 2005 to 2007 at 11 primary care practices in the Partners HealthCare system. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 21,533 patients with access to a PHR were invited to the study, and 3,979 (18.5%) consented to enroll. INTERVENTIONS: Patients in the intervention arm received health maintenance (HM) reminders via a secure PHR "eJournal," which allowed them to review and update HM and family history information. Patients in the active control arm received access to an eJournal that allowed them to input and review information related to medications, allergies and diabetes management. MAIN MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was adherence to guideline-based care recommendations. KEY RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis showed that patients in the intervention arm were significantly more likely to receive mammography (48.6% vs 29.5%, p = 0.006) and influenza vaccinations (22.0% vs 14.0%, p = 0.018). No significant improvement was observed in rates of other screenings. Although Pap smear completion rates were higher in the intervention arm (41.0% vs 10.4%, p < 0.001), this finding was no longer significant after excluding women's health clinics. Additional on-treatment analysis showed significant increases in mammography (p = 0.019) and influenza vaccination (p = 0.015) for intervention arm patients who opened an eJournal compared to control arm patients, but no differences for any measure among patients who did not open an eJournal. CONCLUSIONS: Providing patients with HM reminders via a PHR may be effective in improving some elements of preventive care.

Sharing electronic laboratory results in a patient portal--a feasibility pilot.

Surveys of patients consistently demonstrate a very strong interest in having secure electronic access to their own laboratory test results. In recent years, a number of health care providers and lab service centers have offered this capability, which now extends to millions of patients in the United States. Yet, little has been published on the methods of making lab results available. This case report identifies the objectives, methods, and results of a feasibility pilot conducted at Partners Healthcare from May to September, 2006. A candidate set of results were identified, approved for release, programmed into Patient Gateway, Partners' secure patient portal, and studied. Patient and practice feedback was positive. No noticeable rise in patient concerns was observed by practice staff or through patient surveys. One-half of patients who viewed results accessed reference information linked to a result. Organizational and practice-level issues necessary to support continued rollout are described.

Empowering patients to improve the quality of their care: design and implementation of a shared health maintenance module in a US integrated healthcare delivery network.

We describe a health maintenance module within a personal health record designed to improve the quality of routine preventive care for patients in a large integrated healthcare delivery network. This module allows patients and their providers to share an online medical record and decision support tools. Our preliminary results indicate that this approach is well-accepted by patients and their providers and has significant potential to facilitate patient-provider communication and improve the quality of routine health maintenance care. Further research will determine the long term impact and sustainability of this approach.

A patient-controlled journal for an electronic medical record: issues and challenges.

Partners Healthcare System, Boston, MA, has developed a patient Web portal that features a patient-controlled electronic "journal" to allow patients to interact with their physician's electronic medical record. Patients can view and respond to health reminders, critique electronic chart information maintained by their doctor's office, enter additional clinical information, and prepare information summaries before an office visit. Creating shared information resources to support a collaborative care model required analysis of the business, architectural, and workflow requirements of the patient-controlled clinical portal and the physician-controlled electronic medical record system. In this paper we describe the challenges in aligning the two systems and serving the different user groups. Coupling the Patient Gateway system, serving over 8700 patients of 90 physicians as of September, 2003, with the Longitudinal Medical Record system, serving over 4000 physicians, has required a clear definition of user goals and workflow, well-defined interfaces, and careful consideration of system assumptions to succeed.

Effectiveness of health maintenance reminders provided directly to patients.

Provider-centric Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with clinical decision support have had a modest impact on improving quality care. However, they do not directly engage patients in promoting guideline adherence. Tethered Personal Health Records (PHRs) in contrast, can deliver decision support to both patients and providers. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of providing seven screening reminders directly to patients via a PHR. Patients receiving the intervention were significantly more likely to receive Pap smears. No difference was seen for the other reminders.

How accurate is information that patients contribute to their Electronic Health Record?

Increased patient interaction with medical records and the advent of personal health records (PHRs) may increase patients' ability to contribute valid information to their Electronic Medical Record (EHR) medical record. Patient input through a secure connection, whether it be a patient portal or PHR, will integrate many aspects of a patient's health and may help lessen the information gap between patients and providers. Patient reported data should be considered a viable method of enhancing documentation but will not likely be as complete and accurate as more comprehensive data-exchange between providers.