Have the Government's prescription algorithm and the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for managing dyslipidaemia influenced the management of dyslipidaemia? The MEJORALO-CV Project. / ¿Han influido el algoritmo de prescripción de la Administración y las guías de manejo de la dislipemia de la ACC/AHA 2013 en el manejo de la dislipemia? Proyecto MEJORA-LO CV.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the management of dyslipidaemia in primary care after the publication of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2013 guidelines and Valencian government's algorithm. METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study that employed a survey of primary care physicians of the Community of Valencia between January and October 2016. RESULTS: A total of 199 physicians (mean age, 48.9±11.0 years; experience, 21.3±11.1 years) participated in the survey. The most followed guidelines were those of the European Society of Cardiology (37.5% of respondents) and Valencian government (23.4% of respondents). Some 6.3% of the respondents followed the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines, and 88.0% established objectives based on LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk. The choice of lipid-lowering drug was based on its LDL cholesterol lowering capacity (28.6% of respondents), on the Valencian government's algorithm (23.4%) and on the drug's safety (20.4%). Statins, ezetimibe and fibrates were the preferred hypolipemiant agents, and their combination (51% of respondents) and dosage increases (35%) were the strategies employed for poor control. Lipid profile and transaminase and creatine kinase levels were measured every 6 (59.5%, 52.3% and 54.3% of respondents, respectively) or 12 months (25.1%, 29.2% and 30.3%, respectively). Forty-one percent of the respondents were aware of the controversy surrounding the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines. Although 60% of the respondents acknowledged its relevance, only 21% changed their daily practices accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: The Valencian government's algorithm had a greater impact than the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines in primary care in Valencia. Areas for improvement included the low use of validated guidelines and risk tables and the streamlining of laboratory test periodicity.

Prognostic utility of electrocardiograms in patients with hypertension older than 65 years. The PAFRES study. / Utilidad pronóstica del electrocardiograma en pacientes hipertensos mayores de 65 años. Estudio FAPRES.

OBJECTIVE: Left ventricular hypertrophy is the most common marker of target organ damage in arterial hypertension. Electrocardiograms are typically performed to identify left ventricular hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to analyse the prognostic utility of other electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with arterial hypertension, beyond ventricular hypertrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 1003 patients older than 65years with arterial hypertension. We recorded risk factors, previous cardiovascular history and medical treatment and analysed various electrocardiographic abnormalities including the Sokolow-Lyon index, the Cornell index, ventricular overload and branch blocks. The study conducted a 2-year follow-up, recording the major cardiovascular events (mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke and hospitalisation for heart failure). RESULTS: The study population's mean age was 72.9±5.8years, 47.5% of whom were men. During the follow-up, 13.9% of the patients experienced a major cardiovascular event. These patients were older, more often smokers and engaged in less physical exercise, without presenting differences in the antihypertensive therapy or blood pressure control. The ventricular overload pattern (HR: 1.93; 95%CI: 1.160-3.196; P=.011) and the complete left bundle branch block (HR: 2.27; 95%CI: 1.040-4.956; P=.040) behaved as independent electrocardiographic predictors of major cardiovascular events; however, left ventricular hypertrophy using the Sokolow and/or Cornell index did not behave as such. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with hypertension, the presence in the baseline electrocardiogram of complete left bundle branch block or a pattern of ventricular overload identifies a population at increased cardiovascular risk.

[Lung hypoplasia in the adult: description, pathogenesis and review]. / Hipoplasia pulmonar en el adulto: descripción, patogenia y revisión.

The lung hypoplasia is a very few frequent entity characterized by a detention in the lung development that leads to a poor development of this organ. Habitually this disease is diagnosed in the childhood and there are very few cases that pass unknown, being detected in the mature age (> 18 years). We present four cases of diagnoses adult patients of lung hypoplasia for diverse test (imaging or invasive) that consulted for not specific symptoms, mostly related with infections of the lung and their later evolution over the years. We also review the pathogenesis, etiology and malformations associated of this disease as well as a review of the published articles in this age group.

[Aortoenteric fistula secondary to aortobifemoral prosthesis infection]. / Fístula aortoentérica secundaria a infección de prótesis aortobifemoral.

We present the case of a 76 year-old man, intervened of an obstruction bilateral iliac by means of placement of a prosthesis aortobifemoral that presented pain in the grave left iliac and fever in needles of 39 degrees C to the five years of the intervention. In the physical exploration it highlighted a painful abdomen in the grave left iliac with signs of peritoneal irritation. In the laboratory tests a leukocytosis was detected with neutrophilia and negative culture. The computed thomography (CT) show the presence of gas bubbles around the prosthesis, as well as a liquid collection with areas necrotics in their interior that affected to the psoas and iliac muscles. In the same exploration the aspirative puncture with drainage of the absces demonstrated in the cultivations carried out in aerobic means the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterobacter cloacae. When presenting a high gastrointestinal hemorrhage abruptly, he was practiced and gastroduodenal endoscope in which a aortoduodenal fistula was evidenced with having bled active. When a bypass extra-anatomic, the sick person will practice it died when presenting a shock abrupt hipovolemic that he didn't respond to the pertinent treatment. We analyze the approaches current diagnoses of infection of the vascular prosthesis and their more serious complication, the aortoenteric fistula (AEF) that either appears in the 0.3-5.9% of the patients who undergo prosthetic reconstruction of the abdominal aorta, for occlusive or aneurismal disease. We highlight the importance of carrying out a precocious diagnosis of the infection of the portion retroperitoneal of the vascular graft that, often, it is manifested with subtle and not specific clinical signs, with the techniques at the moment available as: the CT, fine needle aspiration guided by her, and to diminish the rates of mortality, from the current of 43%, until the most optimistic estimated in 19%.