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Telocytes (TCs), a novel type of mesenchymal or interstitial cell with specific, very long and thin cellular prolongations, have been found in various mammalian organs and have potential biological functions. However, their existence during lung development is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the existence, morphological features, and role of CD34+ SCs/TCs in mouse lungs from foetal to postnatal life using primary cell culture, double immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The immunofluorescence double staining profiles revealed positive expression of CD34 and PDGFR-α, Sca-1 or VEGFR-3, and the expression of these markers differed among the age groups during lung development. Intriguingly, in the E18.5 stage of development, along with the CD34+ SCs/TCs, haematopoietic stem cells and angiogenic factors were also significantly increased in number compared with those in the E14.5, E16.5, P0 and P7. Subsequently, TEM confirmed that CD34+ SCs/TCs consisted of a small cell body with long telopodes (Tps) that projected from the cytoplasm. Tps consisted of alternating thin and thick segments known as podomers and podoms. TCs contain abundant endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and secretory vesicles and establish close connections with neighbouring cells. Furthermore, SEM revealed characteristic features, including triangular, oval, spherical, or fusiform cell bodies with extensive cellular prolongations, depending on the number of Tps. Our findings provide evidence for the existence of CD34+ SCs/TCs, which contribute to vasculogenesis, the formation of the airâblood barrier, tissue organization during lung development and homoeostasis.
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Background: Preeclampsia poses substantial risks during pregnancy. Exploring innovative treatment approaches like the combination of Nifedipine and aspirin is crucial for improving maternal and fetal outcomes. Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy of nifedipine and aspirin tablets in treating preeclampsia and their impact on blood rheology and coagulation. Methods: We selected 96 pregnant patients with preeclampsia treated at our hospital between January 2020 and January 2022. The patients were randomly assigned to either the research group (n=48) or the control group (n=48). Nifedipine was administered to the control group, while the research group received a combination of Nifedipine and aspirin. We compared the overall treatment effectiveness and the incidence of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes between the two groups. Results: The research group exhibited a significantly higher overall treatment effectiveness rate (93.75%) compared to the control group (P < .05). After treatment, levels of fibrinogen (FIB), whole high-cut blood viscosity (HBV), whole low-cut blood viscosity (LBV), plasma viscosity (PV), and erythrocyte rigidity index (HGX) were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P < .05). Additionally, plasminogen time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were higher in the research group compared to the control group (P < .05). The research group also experienced a lower frequency of negative pregnancy outcomes (4.17%) in contrast to the control group (18.75%) (P < .05). Conclusions: The nifedipine and aspirin combination effectively treats pregnancy hypertension, enhancing both coagulation and hemorheology for improved maternal and fetal health outcomes.
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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accessibility and potential value of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) during scleral suture intraocular lens (IOL) fixation. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study in the Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, China. Seven eyes with insufficient capsular support and undergoing two-point scleral suture IOL fixation were included. The potential value of iOCT was evaluated, as well as the safety and efficacy of the surgery. RESULTS: Seven eyes were included. With a tailor-made iOCT, the structure of the anterior segment could be clearly visualized during the surgery. Intraoperatively, iOCT helped locate the proper place for fixation and access the position of the IOL. After an average 4.43-month follow-up, the spherical equivalent changed significantly ( P < 0.001), but the intraocular pressure, best-corrected visual acuity, and endothelial cell density remained unchanged ( P > 0.05). The IOL was well-centered with a horizontal and a vertical tilt of 0.74 ± 0.60° and 1.13 ± 0.65°, and decentration of 0.28 ± 0.12 mm and 0.30 ± 0.13 mm. The estimated IOL-induced astigmatism was -0.11 diopters (D) ± 0.46 D. CONCLUSION: Real-time high-resolution images of the anterior segment acquired by the iOCT helped the surgeon to achieve satisfactory results in scleral suture IOL fixation.
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Implante de Lente Intraocular , Lentes Intraoculares , Humanos , Implante de Lente Intraocular/métodos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Estudos Prospectivos , Esclera/cirurgia , Suturas , Técnicas de Sutura , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
One of the disadvantages in microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (MI-OCT) systems is that medical images acquired via different modalities are usually displayed independently. Hence, surgeons have to match two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the same operative region subjectively. In this paper, we propose a simple registration method to overcome this problem by using guided laser points. This method combines augmented reality with an existing MI-OCT system. The basis of our idea is to introduce a guiding laser into the system, which allows us to identify fiducials in microscopic images. At first, the applied voltages of the scanning galvanometer mirror are used to calculate the fiducials' coordinates in an OCT model. After gathering data at the corresponding points' coordinates, the homography matrix and camera parameters are used to superimpose a reconstructed model on microscopic images. After performing experiments with artificial and animal eyes, we successfully obtain two-dimensional microscopic images of scanning regions with depth information. Moreover, the registration error is 0.04â mm, which is within the limits of medical and surgical errors. Our proposed method could have many potential applications in ophthalmic procedures.
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Realidade Aumentada , Imageamento Tridimensional , Microscopia , Óptica e Fotônica/métodos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Marcadores Fiduciais , Humanos , Erros Médicos , Óptica e Fotônica/instrumentação , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Liver regeneration has always been of great therapeutic interest, particularly to generate hepatocytes from other types of cells including adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. In this study, it was found that overexpression of both FOXA3 and HNF4α can convert rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). The results show that these HLCs had the typical hepatocyte morphology with unique hepatocyte markers such as ALB, G6P, KRT18, TAT, TTR, KRT19 and AFP. Simultaneously, they also exhibited hepatic functions such as glycogen storage, indocyanine green absorption, and cytoplasmic accumulation of neutral triglycerides and lipids. In addition to that, these functions could be maintained in the process of cell culture, thus suggesting that FOXA3 and HNF4α are powerful transcription factors for inducing rat BMSCs to differentiate into functional HLCs, and this study will provide a novel method to generate HLCs.
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Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Fator 3-gama Nuclear de Hepatócito/metabolismo , Fator 4 Nuclear de Hepatócito/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/citologia , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Separação Celular , Forma Celular , RatosRESUMO
Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a multifunctional growth factor, is a regulator in a wide variety of physiological processes. EGF plays an important role in the regulation of liver regeneration. This study was aimed at investigating the methylation level of EGF gene throughout liver regeneration. DNA of liver tissue from control rats and partial hepatectomy (PH) rats at 10 time points was extracted and a 354 bp fragment including 10 CpG sites from the transcription start was amplified after DNA was modified by sodium bisulfate. The result of sequencing suggested that methylation ratio of four CpG sites was found to be significantly changed when PH group was compared to control group, in particular two of them were extremely striking. mRNA expression of EGF was down-regulated in total during liver regeneration. We think that the rat EGF promoter region is regulated by variation in DNA methylation during liver regeneration.
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BACKGROUD: Two-component histidine kinase (HK) phosphorelay signaling systems play important roles in differentiation, virulence, secondary metabolite production and response to environmental signals. Allyl isothiocyanate (A-ITC) is a hydrolysis product of glucosinolates with excellent antifungal activity. Our previous study indicated that the mycelial growth of Cochliobolus heterostrophus was significantly hindered by A-ITC. However, the function of HK in regulating A-ITC sensitivity was not clear in C. heterostrophus, the causal agent of Southern corn leaf blight. RESULTS: In this study, the role of HKs was investigated in C. heterostrophus. Deletion of the HK coding gene ChNIK1 resulted in dramatically increased sensitivity of C. heterostrophus to A-ITC. In addition, ΔChnik1 mutant exhibited significantly decreased conidiation and increased sensitivity to NaCl, KCl, tebuconazole and azoxystrobin, but deletion of the other five HK genes did not affect the A-ITC sensitivity of C. heterostrophus. ChSLN1, ChNIK4, ChNIK8 and ChMAK2 are essential for conidiation and response to H2 O2 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, deletion of NIKs had on effect on significant virulence. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that the HKs play different roles in A-ITC sensitivity in C. heterostrophus. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Ascomicetos , Bipolaris , Histidina , Histidina Quinase/genética , Ascomicetos/genética , Isotiocianatos , Zea mays/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismoRESUMO
In recent years, buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is being increasingly damaged by the Siberian tortoise beetle (Rhinoncus sibiricus Faust). Adults and nymphs feed on leaf tissues and caulicles, thus damaging its stems and leaves. In this study, we investigated the habits, distribution, and environmental impact of R. sibiricus using MaxEnt, an ecological niche model. Geographic information about the infestation site from previous field surveys and climatic data from 2013 to 2018 were organized and optimized using R. The impact factors were calculated using MaxEnt software. The results indicate that population fluctuations in R. sibiricus are related to changes in temperature, humidity, and their spatial distribution. Under current climatic conditions, R. sibiricus is mainly distributed in northern China, with sporadic distribution in south-western China. The values for a survival probability threshold > 0.3 were: precipitation during the wettest month (bio13), 70.31-137.56 mm; mean temperature of the coldest quarter (bio11), -15.00-0.85°C; mean temperature of the warmest quarter (bio10), 11.88-23.16°C; precipitation during the coldest quarter (biol9), 0-24.39 mm. The main factors contributing > 70% to the models were precipitation during the wettest month and coldest quarter, and mean temperature during the warmest and coldest quarters. Under both future climate models, the center of the fitness zone moves northward. Our results will be useful in guiding administrative decisions and support farmers interested in establishing control and management strategies for R. sibiricus. This study could also serve as a reference for future research on other invasive pests.
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Fagopyrum , Gorgulhos , Animais , Temperatura , Modelos Teóricos , Temperatura Baixa , China , Ecossistema , Mudança ClimáticaRESUMO
Introduction: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a pivotal imaging modality in ophthalmology for real-time, in vivo visualization of retinal structures. To enhance the capability and safety of OCT, this study focuses on the development of a micro intraocular OCT probe. The demand for minimal invasiveness and precise imaging drives the need for advanced probe designs that can access tight and sensitive areas, such as the ocular sclera. Methods: A novel OCT probe was engineered using a piezoelectric tube with quartered electrodes to drive Lissajous scanning movements at the end of a single-mode fiber. This design allows the probe to enter the eyeball through a scleral opening. Structural innovation enables the outer diameter of the endoscopic OCT probe to be adjusted from 13G (2.41 mm) to 25G (0.51 mm), accommodating various imaging field sizes and ensuring compatibility with different scleral incisions. Results: The fabricated micro intraocular OCT probe successfully performed preliminary imaging experiments on in vivo fingers. The Lissajous scanning facilitated comprehensive coverage of the target area, enhancing the imaging capabilities. Discussion: The integration of a piezoelectric tube with quartered outside electrodes into the OCT probe design proved effective for achieving precise control over scanning movements and adaptability to different surgical needs. The design characteristics and practical applications demonstrated the probe's potential in clinical settings.
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Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus is a destructive disease that threatens global maize (Zea mays) production. Despite many studies being conducted, very little is known about molecular processes employed by the pathogen during infection. There is a need to understand the fungal arms strategy and identify novel functional genes as targets for fungicide development. Transcriptome analysis based on RNA sequencing was carried out across conidia germination and host infection by C. heterostrophus. The present study revealed major changes in C. heterostrophus gene expression during host infection. Several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced during C. heterostrophus infection could be involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, peroxisome, energy metabolism, amino acid degradation and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, histone acetyltransferase, secreted proteins, peroxisomal proteins, NADPH oxidase and transcription factors were selected for further functional validation. Here, we demonstrated that histone acetyltransferases (Hat2 and Rtt109), secreted proteins (Cel61A and Mep1), peroxisomal proteins (Pex11A and Pex14), NADPH oxidases (NoxA, NoxD and NoxR) and transcription factors (Crz1 and MtfA) play essential roles in C. heterostrophus conidiation, stress adaption and virulence. Taken together, our study revealed major changes in gene expression associated with C. heterostrophus infection and identified a diverse repertoire of genes critical for successful infection.
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Ascomicetos , Bipolaris , Zea mays , Virulência/genética , Zea mays/microbiologia , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast, is a fungal disease pathogen. Bacillus spp. have emerged as the most promising biological control agent alternative to chemical fungicides. In this study, the bacterial strain JLU-1 with significant antagonistic activity isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice was identified as Bacillus velezensis through whole-genome sequencing, average nucleotide identity analysis, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Twelve gene clusters for secondary metabolite synthesis were identified in JLU-1. Furthermore, 3 secondary metabolites were identified in JLU-1, and the antagonistic effect of secondary metabolites against fungal pathogens was confirmed. Exposure to JLU-1 reduced the virulence of M. oryzae, and JLU-1 has the ability to induce the reactive oxygen species production of rice and improve the salt tolerance of rice. All of these results indicated that JLU-1 and its secondary metabolites have the promising potential to be developed into a biocontrol agent to control fungal diseases.
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Even state-of-the-art deep learning models lack fundamental abilities compared with humans. While many image distortions have been proposed to compare deep learning with humans, they depend on mathematical transformations instead of human cognitive functions. Here, we propose an image distortion based on the abutting grating illusion, which is a phenomenon discovered in humans and animals. The distortion generates illusory contour perception using line gratings abutting each other. We applied the method to MNIST, high-resolution MNIST, and "16-class-ImageNet" silhouettes. Many models, including models trained from scratch and 109 models pretrained with ImageNet or various data augmentation techniques, were tested. Our results show that abutting grating distortion is challenging even for state-of-the-art deep learning models. We discovered that DeepAugment models outperformed other pretrained models. Visualization of early layers indicates that better-performing models exhibit the endstopping property, which is consistent with neuroscience discoveries. Twenty-four human subjects classified distorted samples to validate the distortion.
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An ophthalmic swept source-optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system based on a high-speed scanning laser at 1060 nm with a scanning rate of 100 KHz is constructed. Since the sample arm of the interferometer is comprised of multiple glass materials, the ensuing dispersion severely degrades imaging quality. In this article, second-order dispersion simulation analysis for various materials was performed first, and dispersion equilibrium was implemented utilizing physical compensation methods. After dispersion compensation, an imaging depth in air of 4.013 mm was achieved in model eye experiments, and signal-to-noise ratio was enhanced by 11.6%, with a value of 53.8 dB. In vivo imaging of the human retina was performed to demonstrate structurally distinguishable retinal images, characterized by an axial resolution improvement of 19.8%, with a value of 7.7 µm close to the theoretical value of 7.5 µm. The proposed physical dispersion compensation method enhances imaging performance in SS-OCT systems, enabling visualization of several low scattering mediums.
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Retina , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Humanos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Retina/diagnóstico por imagem , Luz , Simulação por Computador , LasersRESUMO
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) that are found in Brassicaceae exhibited obvious antifungal activity against Cochliobolus heterostrophus, which is the causal agent of southern corn leaf blight. However, the underlying antifungal mechanism of allyl-ITCs (A-ITCs) against C. heterostrophus remains largely unknown. Here, we used transcriptomic analysis to find that the high osmolarity pathway was upregulated significantly when treated with A-ITCs. To investigate the roles of the high osmolarity pathway in adaption to A-ITCs, we constructed Δssk2, Δpbs2, and Δhog1 mutant strains. Deletion of three genes (ChSSK2, ChPBS2, and ChHOG1) involved in the high osmolarity pathway resulted in significantly increased sensitivity of C. heterostrophus to ITCs. In addition, the phosphorylation level of ChHog1 was induced by A-ITC and was dependent on the presence of ChSsk2 and ChPbs2. Moreover, Δssk2, Δpbs2, and Δhog1 mutants exhibited a dramatically decreased virulence on maize leaves. Our findings demonstrated that the high osmolarity pathway played a positive role in ITC tolerance and virulence, which may provide novel insights into developing ITCs as a new fungicide against C. heterostrophus.
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Antifúngicos , Ascomicetos , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Glicerol , Ascomicetos/genética , Concentração Osmolar , IsotiocianatosRESUMO
This study presents an investigation focusing on the advancement of a robot designed for subretinal injections in the context of macular degeneration treatment. The technique of subretinal injection surgery stands as the most efficacious approach for the successful transplantation of stem cells into the retinal pigment epithelium layer. This particular procedure holds immense significance in advancing research and implementing therapeutic strategies involving retinal stem cell transplantation. The execution of artificial subretinal surgery poses considerable challenges which can be effectively addressed through the utilization of subretinal injection surgery robots. The development process involved a comprehensive modeling phase, integrating computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA) techniques. These simulations facilitated iterative enhancements of the mechanical aspects pertaining to the robotic arm. Furthermore, MATLAB was employed to simulate and visualize the robot's workspace, and independent verification was conducted to ascertain the range of motion for each degree of freedom.
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BACKGROUND: Computational fluid dynamics provides a new method for the study of the blood flow characteristics of the formation and development of intracranial aneurysms. OBJECTIVE: To compare blood flow characteristics between the healthy internal carotid artery and normal intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: The internal carotid arteries were simulated to obtain hemodynamic parameters in one patient. RESULTS: The internal carotid artery associated with aneurysm presents low wall shear stress, high oscillatory shear index, and high particle retention time compared with the normal internal carotid artery. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in blood flow between the normal internal carotid artery and intracranial aneurysm. The vortex of the aneurysm will produce turbulence, indicating that it is unstable, which results in the growth and rupture of the aneurysm.
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Aneurisma Roto , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Simulação por Computador , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Humanos , Hidrodinâmica , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the presence of tiny, enhancing foci ('spot sign') within acute hematomas is associated with hematoma expansion. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the effect of hematoma volume on accuracy of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in predicting hematoma expansion in 312 patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their initial hematoma volume (<30 vs. ≥30 ml). CTA was performed at admission and 24 h after initial presentation. RESULTS: The <30-ml group consisted of 203 patients of whom 42 had hematoma expansion (20.9%). The ≥30-ml group consisted of 109 patients of whom 34 had hematoma expansion (31.19%). In the <30-ml group, the sensitivity and specificity of CTA in predicting hematoma expansion were 71.4 and 93.8%, respectively. In the ≥30-ml group, the sensitivity and specificity of CTA were 85.7 and 91.9%, respectively. For all 312 patients, the area under the curve was 0.86 (p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.80-0.92); the sensitivity and specificity of CTA were 77.9 and 93.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CTA can reliably predict hematoma expansion in clinical practice, especially for hematomas >30 ml.
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Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angiografia Cerebral , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
In this work, we developed a motion estimation and correction method which real-time obtained the direction and displacement of repetitive micro bulk motion (such as cardiac and respiratory motion) on an SS-OCT system without additional tracking hardware, and reduced the motion noise in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). In the approach, the direction of repetitive micro bulk motion was considered fixed, and proportional relationships between the motion components in three directions were determined; Then we performed one-dimension cross-correlation to obtain depth displacement which was further used to obtain other two motion components, and greatly reduced the computation; The processing speed on a graphic processing unit was 478 pairs of B-Scans per second, and the measurement range was larger than the range of the angiogram-based methods. Lastly, corrupt angiograms were recovered by adaptive scan protocol, and reduced acquisition time in comparison with the previous work.
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Angiografia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Movimento (Física)RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common tumor malignancy with high incidence and poor prognosis. Laminin is an indispensable component of basement membrane and extracellular matrix, which is responsible for bridging the internal and external environment of cells and transmitting signals. This study mainly explored the association of the LAMB1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in gastric cancer. METHODS: The expression data and clinical information of gastric cancer patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG). And we analyzed the relationship between LAMB1 expression and clinical characteristics through R. CIBERSORTx was used to calculate the absolute score of immune cells in gastric tumor tissues. Then COX proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to evaluate the role of LAMB1 and its influence on prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Finally, GO and KEGG analysis were applied for LAMB1-related genes in gastric cancer, and PPI network was constructed in Cytoscape software. RESULTS: In the TCGA cohort, patients with gastric cancer frequently generated LAMB1 gene copy number variation, but had little effect on mRNA expression. Both in the TCGA and ACRG cohorts, the mRNA expression of LAMB1 in gastric cancer tissues was higher than it in normal tissues. All patients were divided into high expression group and low expression group according to the median expression level of LAMB1. The elevated expression group obviously had more advanced cases and higher infiltration levels of M2 macrophages. COX proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that patients with enhanced expression of LAMB1 have a worse prognosis. GO/KEGG analysis showed that LAMB1-related genes were enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, etc. CONCLUSIONS: The high expression of LAMB1 in gastric cancer is related to the poor prognosis of patients, and it may be related to microenvironmental changes in tumors.
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Laminina/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Idoso , Biologia Computacional , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Feminino , Ontologia Genética , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral , Macrófagos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Mapas de Interação de Proteínas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/imunologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , TranscriptomaRESUMO
Bulk motion seriously degrades the image quality of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Conventional correction methods focus on in-plane displacement, while the bulk motion component perpendicular to B-scans also introduces noise. This work first presents an evaluation of this component using a specific scan protocol and an approximate expression derived from peak-normalized cross-correlation values, and then quantitatively assesses how interplane bulk motion noise reduce the sensitivity of cross-sectional angiograms. Finally, we developed a repetitive bulk motion correction method based on the estimated displacements and redundant volume scans. The correction does not require registration and angiogram reconstruction of low flow sensitivity frames, and the results of in vivo mice skin OCTA imaging experiments show that the proposed method can effectively reduce bulk motion noise caused by cardiac and respiratory motion and occasional shaking, and improve OCTA image quality, which has practical significance for clinical OCTA diagnosis and analysis.