Exploring the Epidemiology of Injuries in Athletes of the Olympic Winter Games: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study sought to provide a comprehensive assessment of the incidence of sports injuries among athletes participating in the Olympic Winter Games and to investigate contributing factors. We gathered injury data from athletes participating in the recent four Olympic Winter Games, incorporating details on the sports event, sex, injury location, and type. Through a meta-analysis, we calculated the injury incidence rates for each sport and examined the influence of sex and the type of sport on these incidence rates. Out of 11,197 registered athletes, we documented 1,304 sports injuries. The sports events with the highest injury rates were freestyle skiing, snowboarding, alpine skiing, bobsleigh, and ice hockey, with the most frequent injury locations being the knees, thoracic/lumbar/back regions, and the wrist/hand/fingers. Contusions, hematomas, and bruises were the most prevalent injuries, followed by strains (including muscle rupture, tearing, or tendon rupture) and sprains (covering dislocations, subluxations, and ligament ruptures). In the Olympic Winter Games, events such as freestyle skiing, snowboarding, alpine skiing, bobsleigh, and ice hockey pose a particularly high risk. Predominant injury sites include the knee, spine/back, and wrist and hand, with injuries ranging from contusions and hematomas to strains and sprains. For effective injury prevention, it is crucial to emphasize proper medical resource allocation, specialized training for medical personnel, and meticulous venue maintenance.

Construction of flexible photoelectrochemical solar cells based on ordered nanostructural BiOI/Bi2S3 heterojunction films.

Ordered 2D nanostructural BiOI nanoflake arrays decorated with Bi2S3 nanospheres have been designed and in situ fabricated for the first time, to form BiOI/Bi2S3 bulk heterojunctions through a soft chemical route. A modified successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method was developed to fabricate BiOI nanoflake arrays on flexible ITO/PET substrates at room temperature. The degree of transformation of BiOI to Bi2S3 was controlled through the adjustment of exposure time of the BiOI/ITO substrate to thioacetamide (TAA) aqueous solution. The morphologies of BiOI, BiOI/Bi2S3 heterojunctions and Bi2S3 films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The presence of Bi2S3 was further validated through Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Especially, photoelectrochemical measurements demonstrated that such a Bi2S3 decorated BiOI photoanode based cell exhibits significant augments of short-circuit current density (Jsc) and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE, 3 times higher than the pure BiOI photoanode), attributable to the stronger photo-absorption and better photogenerated charge carrier separation and transport efficiency. The surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements further confirmed the importance of BiOI/Bi2S3 heterojunctions in such PEC cells. This solution-based process directly on flexible ITO offers the promise for low-cost, large-area, roll-to-roll application of the manufacturing of the third generation thin-film photovoltaic devices.

Effects of folic acid supplementation on cognitive function and inflammation in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECT: The aim was to assess the effect of folic acid supplementation on cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: From its inception until February 2024, four databases including Web of Science were searched. Two researchers independently screened the literature, assessed the quality, extracted data, and conducted a meta-analysis using RevMan. RESULTS: The systematic review included seven studies (with a total of 1102 participants, mean age 65-80 years), seven of which were appropriate for meta-analysis. Although a small number of studies found relatively large heterogeneity, the majority of studies showed significant benefit from folic acid supplementation, including the FSIQ (823 individuals, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 8.36, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.79 - 1.08), Arithmetic (823 individuals, SMD = 0.17, 95 % CI = -0.03-0.31), Information, SMD = 1.73, 95 % CI 0.41-3.05), Digit Span (823 individuals, SMD = 0.17, 95 % CI = -0.03 - 0.31), Block Design (823 individuals, SMD = 0.26, 95 % CI 0.03-0.49), Picture Completion (823 individuals, SMD = 0.27, 95 % CI = -0.15 - 0.69) and Picture Arrangement (823 individuals, SMD = -0.12, 95 % CI = -0.26 - 0.01). Finally, folic acid supplementation had a significant effect on the reduction of most inflammatory cytokines, blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, and Hcy. CONCLUSIONS: Folic acid supplementation seems to have a positive impact on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, but further evidence of its effectiveness in improving inflammatory cytokines is needed from high-quality studies.

A methodological and reporting quality assessment of systematic reviews/meta-analyses on exercise interventions for cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Objective: To assess the methodological quality of meta-analytic literature on exercise interventions for cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the certainty of evidence for its outcome indicators, and to provide clinicians and researchers with more reliable data for making decisions. Methods: Meta-analytic literature related to the effect of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment was searched through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Web of Science, all with a search period frame of each database until June 1, 2024. The AMSTAR2 scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Results: Seventeen meta-analyses were included. The AMSTAR2 scale evaluation results showed that there was one medium-quality studies (5.55%), seven low-quality studies (38.88%), and 10 very low-quality studies (55.55%). Methodological deficiencies included failure to prepare a plan and provide a registration number, literature screening, data extraction, reasons for exclusion not described in detail, poor implementation process for systematic evaluation, and failure to describe the source of funding for the included studies or relevant conflicts of interest. Conclusion: The overall methodological quality of the meta-analytic literature is low, and the certainty of evidence is low. We encourage the conduction of high-quality randomized trials to generate stronger evidence. Subsequent systematic reviews can then synthesize this evidence to inform future research and clinical guidelines.

Quantifying the dose-response relationship between exercise and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing haemodialysis: A meta-analysis.

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to explore the dose-response relationship of aerobic exercise or aerobic combined resistance exercise on cardiopulmonary function in maintenance hemodialysis（MHD）, with the goal of aiding in the formulation of precise exercise prescriptions. Methods: A literature search up to August 18, 2023, was conducted in databases including Web of Science, among others, focusing on the effects of exercise interventions on cardiopulmonary function in hemodialysis patients.Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and an assessment of study methodology quality. A dose-response meta-analysis was carried out using a one-stage cubic spline mixed-effects model, followed by stratified analyses based on intervention period, intervention method, and exercise environment. Results: A nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between exercise and 6-minute walk test (6WMT) as well as peak oxygen uptake (VO2Peak) in hemodialysis patients. The optimal exercise dose for the 6WMT across the full exposure range was 922 METs-min/week, with VO2Peak increasing with the dose. The effects were influenced by the type of exercise, intervention period, and exercise environment. An exercise dose of 500 METs-min/week and 619 METs-min/week was found sufficient to achieve the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for 6WMT and VO2Peak, respectively. Conclusion: There is a significant association between the dose of exercise and its effects. With appropriate adjustment of variables, even low-dose exercise can lead to clinically significant improvements in cardiopulmonary function.

Acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture: can repair become an alternative to reconstruction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies.

PURPOSE: To perform a meta-analysis to compare clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair and ACL reconstruction for acute ACL rupture. METHOD: We searched Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to seek relevant studies. Clinical outcomes included failure rate, hardware removal rate, anteroposterior (AP) knee laxity, and patient-reported outcomes. In addition, subgroup analysis was carried out according to repair techniques, rupture locations, and study designs. Funnel plots were used to detect publication bias. All statistical analysis was performed using STATA (version 14.2, StataCorp). RESULTS: A total of 10 articles were included in this study, comprising 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 5 cohort studies, involving a total of 549 patients. We found no statistical differences between the ACL repair and ACL reconstruction in the following outcomes: failure rate, AP knee laxity, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS) Score, and Tegner score. However, the ACL repair group had a higher hardware removal rate. Except for AP knee laxity results on different repair techniques, there was no statistical difference in other subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION: Compared with ACL reconstruction, ACL repair shows similar results in clinical outcomes, and it is promising to be an effective alternative treatment for acute ACL rupture. Larger samples and higher-quality studies are needed to support our results and further explore the advantages of ACL repair in other aspects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Effects of aerobic exercise on children's executive function and academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of exercise on executive function in children, providing an evidence-based foundation to inform future research in school physical education and health education. Methods: We searched ten databases: Cochrane Library, Scopus, OVID, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCOhost, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, VIP, and SinoMed, and eight articles were included. Applying the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB2), funnel plots and Egger regression analysis were integrated with R meta-analysis to screen for publication bias. The quality of the evidence was appraised using the Grading system. Results: The included literature contained 2655 participants, with 1308 in the experimental group and 1347 in the control group. The results indicated that the aerobic exercise group considerably improved inhibitory control in children compared to the control group [SMD = 0.29, 95% CI (0.05, 0.54), P = 0.018]; working memory [SMD = 0.25, 95% CI (0.07, 0.42), P = 0.005]; and cognitive flexibility [SMD = 0.36, 95% CI (0.17, 0.54), P < 0.001]. However, the findings indicated that only aerobic exercise interventions extending beyond 50 weeks positively influenced academic performance in children [SMD = 1.19, 95% CI (0.34, 2.04), P = 0.006]. The results of an Egger regression analysis revealed that the p-values for inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and academic performance were more significant than 0.1. The Grade system said that the quality of evidence was all low regarding the level of evidence. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise enhanced executive function but only aerobic exercise interventions extending beyond 50 weeks demonstrated a significant effect on the academic performance of children. Due to the low quality of evidence presented in this study, additional high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Effect of concurrent training on physical performance and quality of life in children with malignancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the intervention effect of concurrent training on children with malignant tumors to provide evidence for prescribing exercise for children with malignant tumors. Methods: Twelve databases were searched from inception to October 15, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, evaluated the quality, extracted the data, and performed the meta-analysis using R. Result: A total of nine randomized controlled trials involving 371 children were included in this study. The meta-analysis revealed that muscle strength was significantly greater in the exercise group compared to the usual care group [SMD = 0.26, 95% CI (0.04, 0.48), P = 0.023], with subgroup analysis showing no significant difference in upper limb [SMD = 0.13, 95% CI (-0.17, 0.43), P = 0.318] and a considerable difference in lower limb strength [SMD = 0.41, 95% CI (0.08, 0.74), P = 0.015]. Physical activity [SMD = 0.57, 95% CI (0.03, 1.1), P = 0.038], timed up and down stairs test [SMD = -1.22, 95% CI (-2.04, -0.4), P = 0.004], 6-min walking ability [SMD = 0.75, 95% CI (0.38, 1.11), P < 0.01], quality of life [SMD = 0.28, 95% CI (0.02, 0.53), P = 0.033], and cancer-related fatigue [SMD = -0.53, 95% CI (-0.86, -0.19), P = 0.002] were significantly better than the usual care group. There were no significant differences in peak oxygen uptake [SMD = 0.13, 95% CI (-0.18, 0.44), P = 0.397], depression [SMD = 0.06, 95% CI (-0.38, 0.5), P = 0.791], and withdrawal rates [RR = 0.59, 95% CI (0.21, 1.63), P = 0.308] between the two groups. Conclusion: Concurrent training could improve physical performance for children with malignancy but had no significant effect on mental health. Because the quality level of evidence is mostly very low, future high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=364140, identifier CRD42022308176.

Surgical treatment of patellar dislocation: A network meta-analysis of randomized control trials and cohort studies.

Background: Currently, there are many surgical options for patellar dislocation. The purpose of this study is to perform a network meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies to determine the better treatment. Method: We searched the Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov and who.int/trialsearch. Clinical outcomes included Kujala score, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, redislocation or recurrent instability. We conducted pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis respectively using the frequentist model to compare the clinical outcomes. Results: There were 10 RCTs and 2 cohort studies with a total of 774 patients included in our study. In network meta-analysis, double-bundle medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (DB-MPFLR) achieved good results on functional scores. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA), DB-MPFLR had the highest probabilities of their protective effects on outcomes of Kujala score (SUCRA 96.5 %), IKDC score (SUCRA 100.0%) and redislocation (SUCRA 67.8%). However, DB-MPFLR (SUCRA 84.6%) comes second to SB-MPFLR (SUCRA 90.4%) in Lyshlom score. It is (SUCRA 70%) also inferior to vastus medialis plasty (VM-plasty) (SUCRA 81.9%) in preventing Recurrent instability. The results of subgroup analysis were similar. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that MPFLR showed better functional scores than other surgical options.

Comparative efficacy of exercise modalities for cardiopulmonary function in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: To provide reliable evidence to exercise rehabilitation therapists and clinicians, we compared and analyzed the effects of different exercise modalities on cardiopulmonary function in hemodialysis patients using Bayesian network meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORT Discus, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP were searched from inception to July 20, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials comparing 12 exercise modalities to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in hemodialysis patients. All statistical analysis was performed using STATA and R. Result: A total of 82 randomized controlled trials involving 4146 maintenance hemodialysis patients were included in this study. The pair-wise meta-analysis showed that all exercise modalities had a positive effect on all indicators of cardiorespiratory capacity. The network meta-analysis demonstrated that Blood flow restriction training (BFRT), Cycle exercise (CE), Inspiratory muscle training (IMT), Combined aerobic and resistance training (CT), and Aerobic training (AT) were significantly better than usual care for 6-min walkability; Medium intensity continuous training (MICT), CT, CE, and AT were considerably better than usual care for VO2Peak; body and mind training (MBT) and CT significantly improved SBP compared to usual care; and only MBT was significantly better than usual care for DBP. Both the two-dimensional plot and the radar plot demonstrated that CT had the best combined-effect on each index of cardiorespiratory fitness. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the results. The evidence was mainly "low" to "very low" for this network meta-analysis. Conclusion: There is no one exercise that can achieve the best effect on all of the outcomes. The benefits of MBT in decreasing arterial blood pressure are unsurpassed by other exercise methods. The intervention effect of the CT is better and more stable. Electrical muscle stimulation training (MEST) can be employed in individuals who do not wish to exercise actively but may cause an increase in blood pressure. On the basis of the characteristics of different exercise types, guidelines developers, clinicians, and patients may employ them appropriately. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails.