Common causes of red eye presenting in northern Iran.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the causes of red eye disease among patients of Mazandaran-Northern Iran. METHODS: This cross sectional study included 840 patients who referred to eye clinics with ocular complaints. A detailed history of patients was recorded and their eyes were examined. Then, pre designed checklists were completed by the researcher. RESULTS: The most common cause of red eye was conjunctivitis - 30% (252/ 840), foreign bodies 23.2%, trauma including penetrating or blunt 8.6%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the red eye trauma, with acute onset and duration of less than a week (P=<0.0001). Diagnoses of red eye were conjunctivitis in 31.3% of the cases separately, viral causes (19.5%), allergic (7%) and bacterial (4%), foreign bodies 22.9%, pterygium 7%, and trauma 6.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the current study, the most common causes of red eyes were conjunctivitis, foreign bodies, and trauma respectively. Red eye was more common in males than in females. An appropriate and proper training of risky factors of red eyes in the future could reduce the risk of serious visual problems.

Epidemiology and symptoms of red eyes in patients from Northern Iran.

AIM: We aimed to determine the epidemiology and symptoms of red eyes in patients from Northern Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study was planned involving 840 patients referred to the eye clinic of Bu-Ali Sina hospital in Sari, Iran, with the chief complaint of eye redness. RESULTS: Of 840 patients, 525 were men (62.5%) and 315 were women (37.5%). Most of the patients were over 39 years of age. 55.7 percentage of them lived in cities and 44% were from villages. The most common eye symptoms with eye redness were: Eye abrasion (57%), tears in eyes (49%) and swollen eye lid (30%). Red eyes without any symptoms in eyes were diagnosed as runny nose (4.2%) and headaches (3.4%). 11.9% and 19.6% of the patients had a previous history of red eye and had visited doctors for red eyes respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Red eyes are more common in men than women. Introducing dangerous causes of red eyes in the future can help to health care professional to on time diagnosis of red eyes related problems.

Estimating rate of insulin resistance in patients with preeclampsia using HOMA-IR index and comparison with nonpreeclampsia pregnant women.

Women with preeclampsia, independent of obesity and glucose intolerance, exhibit insulin resistance during pregnancy. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether early diagnosis of insulin resistance during pregnancy can predict preeclampsia. Through a case-control study, 675 pregnant women were selected and their first trimester blood was taken. Their fasting blood glucose and insulin were also measured after diagnosis of preeclampsia by 20 weeks of pregnancy. Based on the experiments conducted on 675 women who were 20 weeks past their pregnancy, 375 cases with preeclampsia were selected and assigned to the case group. 35 other pregnant women were put in the control group. Diagnosis criteria for the participants included blood pressure above 140/90 and proteinuria above 300 mg or above +1. Both groups were matched according to age, parity, gestational age, and BMI. Homa-Irand rate of insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR and patients were followed up. Homeostatic model assessments (HOMA-IR) revealed that the average insulin resistance increased during pregnancy among both the case and control groups. There was a significant difference between insulin resistance of these two groups in both first trimester and third trimester and after developing preeclampsia (P < 0.001, P = 0.021). Insulin-resistance of the group with preeclampsia was higher in first trimester prior to diagnosis as well as the third trimester after diagnosis compared to natural pregnancy under similar conditions. Measurement of insulin resistance in first trimester may be useful in predicting the risk of preeclampsia.

Relationship between Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy and Periodontal Disease in Iranian Adults.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease in diabetic patients can compromise a patient's ability to maintain a proper metabolic control and may be associated with diabetic complication. AIMS: This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and how this was related with the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), periodontal disease severity measured in quartiles of probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL)) in a group of diabetic patients with retinopathy (n = 84) versus a group of diabetic patients without retinopathy (n = 129). In addition, 73 age- and sex-matched individuals were selected to serve as the control group. Analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between periodontal disease and DR. RESULTS: In terms of PI, no statistically significant differences were observed, so, oral hygiene was similar in both groups. Diabetic patients with retinopathy had greater CPITN (P < 0.001) and more severe periodontal disease (P < 0.001) than no retinopathy. Also, our results indicated a relationship between type 2 DM and periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with diabetes retinopathy appear to show increased periodontal disease susceptibility.