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PURPOSE: Changes in microcirculation of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) may indicate metastasis. Reliable noninvasive imaging technique to quantify such variations is lacking. We aim to develop and investigate a contrast-free ultrasound quantitative microvasculature imaging technique for detection of metastatic ALN in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The proposed ultrasound-based technique, high-definition microvasculature imaging (HDMI) provides superb images of tumor microvasculature at sub-millimeter size scales and enables quantitative analysis of microvessels structures. We evaluated the new HDMI technique on 68 breast cancer patients with ultrasound-identified suspicious ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes recommended for fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). HDMI was conducted before the FNAB and vessel morphological features were extracted, analyzed, and the results were correlated with the histopathology. RESULTS: Out of 15 evaluated quantitative HDMI biomarkers, 11 were significantly different in metastatic and reactive ALNs (10 with P << 0.01 and one with 0.01 < P < 0.05). We further showed that through analysis of these biomarkers, a predictive model trained on HDMI biomarkers combined with clinical information (i.e., age, node size, cortical thickness, and BI-RADS score) could identify metastatic lymph nodes with an area under the curve of 0.9 (95% CI [0.82,0.98]), sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 88%. CONCLUSIONS: The promising results of our morphometric analysis of HDMI on ALNs offer a new means of detecting lymph node metastasis when used as a complementary imaging tool to conventional ultrasound. The fact that it does not require injection of contrast agents simplifies its use in routine clinical practice.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Segunda Neoplasia Primária , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfonodos/patologia , Ultrassonografia , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico por imagem , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Microvasos/diagnóstico por imagem , Microvasos/patologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a strong correlation between the morphological features of new tumor vessels and malignancy. However, angiogenic heterogeneity necessitates 3D microvascular data of tumor microvessels for more reliable quantification. To provide more accurate information regarding vessel morphological features and improve breast lesion characterization, we introduced a quantitative 3D high-definition microvasculature imaging (q3D-HDMI) as a new easily applicable and robust tool to morphologically characterize microvasculature networks in breast tumors using a contrast-free ultrasound-based imaging approach. METHODS: In this prospective study, from January 2020 through December 2021, a newly developed q3D-HDMI technique was evaluated on participants with ultrasound-identified suspicious breast lesions recommended for core needle biopsy. The morphological features of breast tumor microvessels were extracted from the q3D-HDMI. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was applied to test the combined diagnostic performance of multiple morphological parameters of breast tumor microvessels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the generated pooled model. RESULTS: Ninety-three participants (mean age 52 ± 17 years, 91 women) with 93 breast lesions were studied. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) generated with q3D-HDMI was 95.8% (95% CI 0.901-1.000), yielding a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 98.2%, that was significantly higher than the AUC generated with the q2D-HDMI (p = 0.02). When compared to q2D-HDMI, the tumor microvessel morphological parameters obtained from q3D-HDMI provides distinctive information that increases accuracy in differentiating breast tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed quantitative volumetric imaging technique augments conventional breast ultrasound evaluation by increasing specificity in differentiating malignant from benign breast masses.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Estudos de Viabilidade , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Microvasos/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Low specificity in current breast imaging modalities leads to increased unnecessary follow-ups and biopsies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of combining the quantitative parameters of high-definition microvasculature imaging (HDMI) and 2D shear wave elastography (SWE) with clinical factors (lesion depth and age) for improving breast lesion differentiation. METHODS: In this prospective study, from June 2016 through April 2021, patients with breast lesions identified on diagnostic ultrasound and recommended for core needle biopsy were recruited. HDMI and SWE were conducted prior to biopsies. Two new HDMI parameters, Murray's deviation and bifurcation angle, and a new SWE parameter, mass characteristic frequency, were included for quantitative analysis. Lesion malignancy prediction models based on HDMI only, SWE only, the combination of HDMI and SWE, and the combination of HDMI, SWE and clinical factors were trained via elastic net logistic regression with 70% (360/514) randomly selected data and validated with the remaining 30% (154/514) data. Prediction performances in the validation test set were compared across models with respect to area under the ROC curve as well as sensitivity and specificity based on optimized threshold selection. RESULTS: A total of 508 participants (mean age, 54 years ± 15), including 507 female participants and 1 male participant, with 514 suspicious breast lesions (range, 4-72 mm, median size, 13 mm) were included. Of the lesions, 204 were malignant. The SWE-HDMI prediction model, combining quantitative parameters from SWE and HDMI, with AUC of 0.973 (95% CI 0.95-0.99), was significantly higher than the result predicted with the SWE model or HDMI model alone. With an optimal cutoff of 0.25 for the malignancy probability, the sensitivity and specificity were 95.5% and 89.7%, respectively. The specificity was further improved with the addition of clinical factors. The corresponding model defined as the SWE-HDMI-C prediction model had an AUC of 0.981 (95% CI 0.96-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The SWE-HDMI-C detection model, a combination of SWE estimates, HDMI quantitative biomarkers and clinical factors, greatly improved the accuracy in breast lesion characterization.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microvasos/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ultrassonografia Mamária/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To overcome the limitations of power Doppler in imaging angiogenesis, we sought to develop and investigate new quantitative biomarkers of a contrast-free ultrasound microvasculature imaging technique for differentiation of benign from malignant pathologies of breast lesion. METHODS: In this prospective study, a new high-definition microvasculature imaging (HDMI) was tested on 521 patients with 527 ultrasound-identified suspicious breast masses indicated for biopsy. Four new morphological features of tumor microvessels, microvessel fractal dimension (mvFD), Murray's deviation (MD), bifurcation angle (BA), and spatial vascularity pattern (SVP) as well as initial biomarkers were extracted and analyzed, and the results correlated with pathology. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to study the performance of different prediction models, initial biomarkers, new biomarkers, and combined new and initial biomarkers in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. RESULTS: The new HDMI biomarkers, mvFD, BA, MD, and SVP, were statistically significantly different in malignant and benign lesions, regardless of tumor size. Sensitivity and specificity of the new biomarkers in lesions > 20 mm were 95.6% and 100%, respectively. Combining the new and initial biomarkers together showed an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 97% (95% CI: 95-98%), 93.8%, and 89.2%, respectively, for all lesions regardless of mass size. The classification was further improved by adding the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) score to the prediction model, showing an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 97% (95% CI: 95-98%), 93.8%, and 89.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The addition of new quantitative HDMI biomarkers significantly improved the accuracy in breast lesion characterization when used as a complementary imaging tool to the conventional ultrasound. KEY POINTS: ⢠Novel quantitative biomarkers extracted from tumor microvessel images increase the sensitivity and specificity in discriminating malignant from benign breast masses. ⢠New HDMI biomarkers Murray's deviation, bifurcation angles, microvessel fractal dimension, and spatial vascularity pattern outperformed the initial biomarkers. ⢠The addition of BI-RADS scores based on US descriptors to the multivariable analysis using all biomarkers remarkably increased the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC in all size groups.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Ultrassonografia Mamária , Feminino , Humanos , Ultrassonografia Mamária/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Microvasos/diagnóstico por imagem , Biomarcadores , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Early prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is crucial for optimal treatment and improved outcome in breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of shear wave elastography (SWE) for early assessment of response to NACT in patients with invasive breast cancer. METHODS: In a prospective study, 62 patients with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer were enrolled. Three SWE studies were conducted on each patient: before, at mid-course, and after NACT but before surgery. A new parameter, mass characteristic frequency (fmass), along with SWE measurements and mass size was obtained from each SWE study visit. The clinical biomarkers were acquired from the pre-NACT core-needle biopsy. The efficacy of different models, generated with the leave-one-out cross-validation, in predicting response to NACT was shown by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: A significant difference was found for SWE parameters measured before, at mid-course, and after NACT between the responders and non-responders. The combination of Emean2 and mass size (s2) gave an AUC of 0.75 (0.95 CI 0.62-0.88). For the ER+ tumors, the combination of Emean_ratio1, s1, and Ki-67 index gave an improved AUC of 0.84 (0.95 CI 0.65-0.96). For responders, fmass was significantly higher during the third visit. CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings highlight the value of SWE estimation in the mid-course of NACT for the early prediction of treatment response. For ER+ tumors, the addition of Ki-67improves the predictive power of SWE. Moreover, fmass is presented as a new marker in predicting the endpoint of NACT in responders.
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Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to compare the performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)-guided prone and upright breast biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In this retrospective study, we reviewed all consecutive DBT-guided breast biopsies performed at our institution from May 1, 2018, to July 31, 2019. We recorded patient age, breast density, biopsy indications and technique, number of samples obtained, number of exposures performed, procedure times, percentage of calcifications removed, biopsy complications, histopathologic diagnosis, and radiology-pathology concordance. These characteristics were then compared between biopsy methods using the chi-square test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS. There were 282 patients in our study: 215 patients (76.2%) underwent prone DBT-guided biopsy, and 67 (23.8%) underwent upright DBT-guided biopsy. All patients (100%) had technically successfully biopsies. The mean number of exposures for upright biopsies was significantly lower than the mean number of exposures for prone biopsies (p < 0.001). Otherwise, there was no significant difference between the two biopsy methods in the mean number of samples acquired (p = 0.26), mean procedure time (p = 0.67), percentage of calcifications removed (p = 0.31), or biopsy complications (p = 0.56). CONCLUSION. Besides the mean number of exposures acquired, prone and upright DBT-guided biopsies have similar clinical performance. Other factors, such as room utilization and patient comfort, should be considered when deciding between prone and upright DBT-guided biopsies.
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Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Mamografia/métodos , Posicionamento do Paciente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Densidade da Mama , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Decúbito Ventral , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) identified on percutaneous breast biopsy represents a high-risk lesion, upgrading to cancer with surgical excision in ~7-45.8% of cases. Routine excision is questioned due to potential overtreatment and cost. This study evaluates clinical, imaging, and histologic features to predict the risk of upgrade. METHODS: With IRB approval, a single-institution retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent surgical excision of ADH diagnosed by core biopsy from June 2005 to June 2013. We reviewed electronic medical records, breast imaging, and biopsy slides. Multiple imputation was used for missing data. Association of various features with cancer upgrade was assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 399 cases, the upgrade rate to cancer was 16.0%, (95% CI: 12.8-20.0%), with nine invasive cancers and 55 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) only. Via a logistic regression approach, we defined a subgroup with low risk for upgrade: women whose biopsies showed no individual cell necrosis, and either a) 1 focus of ADH with ≥50% removal, or b) 2-3 foci with ≥90% removal. Cases meeting these criteria had an upgrade rate of 4.9% (95% CI: 1.0-8.9%), compared to 21.4% (16.4-26.3%) in cases that did not meet this low-risk definition. CONCLUSIONS: ADH on core biopsy with low risk of upgrade to cancer is defined by lack of individual cell necrosis, number of foci of ADH, and percent of imaging lesion removed. If these findings are validated, women whose biopsies meet low-risk criteria might be considered for prevention therapy and surveillance without surgical excision.
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Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biópsia com Agulha de Grande Calibre , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of infectious complications after ultrasound-guided breast interventions performed with an intermediate-level disinfection protocol without an ultrasound probe cover. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two independent institutional databases were searched to identify breast infections in patients who underwent ultrasound-guided interventions between January 2005 and July 2013. The departments of radiology and infectious diseases independently maintained these databases. A comprehensive retrospective chart review based on periprocedural antibiotic use and clinical documentation of infection was also performed to reduce the likelihood of missing potential infectious complications. RESULTS: A total of 12,708 ultrasound-guided breast procedures were performed in the time frame of this study. All potential cases of procedure-related infection were included for subspecialist review in an effort to give the most conservative (highest) estimate of infectious complications. Among these cases, 14 documented cases of possible procedure-related infection were identified, for an overall incidence of 0.11%. All infections were localized skin or soft-tissue infections and adequately treated with a short course of oral antibiotics. No cases of more serious infections or sepsis were found. None of the reported infections required IV antibiotic therapy, percutaneous intervention, surgical intervention, or hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The incidence of infectious complications after an ultrasound-guided breast intervention without an ultrasound probe cover is extremely low. Physicians can use this information in the development of their disinfection protocols and to provide accurate information in counseling patients during preprocedural consultation.
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Biópsia por Agulha , Doenças Mamárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Mamárias/cirurgia , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/epidemiologia , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/epidemiologia , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/instrumentação , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Desinfecção , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , TransdutoresRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of radiologists categorizing the method of detection (MOD) when performing image-guided breast biopsies. METHODS: This retrospective, observational study was conducted across a health care enterprise that provides breast imaging services at 18 imaging sites across four US states. Radiologists used standardized templates to categorize the MOD, defined as the first test, sign, or symptom that triggered the subsequent workup and recommendation for biopsy. All image-guided breast biopsies since the implementation of the MOD-inclusive standardized template-from October 31, 2017 to July 6, 2023-were extracted. A random sample of biopsy reports was manually reviewed to evaluate the accuracy of MOD categorization. RESULTS: A total of 29,999 biopsies were analyzed. MOD was reported in 29,423 biopsies (98.1%) at a sustained rate that improved over time. The 10 MOD categories in this study included the following: 15,184 mammograms (51.6%); 4,561 MRIs (15.5%); 3,473 ultrasounds (11.8%); 2,382 self-examinations (8.1%); 2,073 tomosynthesis studies (7.0%); 432 clinical examinations (1.5%); 421 molecular breast imaging studies (1.4%); 357 other studies (1.2%); 338 contrast-enhanced digital mammograms (1.1%); and 202 PET studies (0.7%). Original assignments of the MOD agreed with author assignments in 87% of manually reviewed biopsies (n = 100, 95% confidence interval: [80.4%, 93.6%]). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that US radiologists can consistently and accurately categorize the MOD over an extended time across a health care enterprise.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mamografia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Adulto , IdosoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of cancer detection rate (CDR) and abnormal interpretation rate (AIR) in prostate MRI for patients with low-grade prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: This three-center retrospective study included patients who underwent prostate MRI from 2017 to 2021 with known low-grade PCa (Gleason score 6) without prior treatment. Patient-level highest Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS®) score and pathologic diagnosis within 1 year after MRI were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of prostate MRI in detecting clinically significant PCa (csPCa; Gleason score ≥ 7). The metrics AIR, CDR, and CDR adjusted for pathologic confirmation rate were calculated. Radiologist-level AIR-CDR plots were shown. Simulation AIR-CDR lines were created to assess the effects of different diagnostic performances of prostate MRI and the prevalence of csPCa. RESULTS: A total of 3,207 examinations were interpreted by 33 radiologists. Overall AIR, CDR, and CDR adjusted for pathologic confirmation rate at PI-RADS 3 to 5 (PI-RADS 4 and 5) were 51.7% (36.5%), 22.1% (18.8%), and 30.7% (24.6%), respectively. Radiologist-level AIR and CDR at PI-RADS 3 to 5 (PI-RADS 4 and 5) were in the 36.8% to 75.6% (21.9%-57.5%) range and the 16.3%-28.7% (10.9%-26.5%) range, respectively. In the simulation, changing parameters of diagnostic performance or csPCa prevalence shifted the AIR-CDR line. CONCLUSIONS: The authors propose CDR and AIR as performance metrics in prostate MRI and report reference performance values in patients with known low-grade PCa. There was variability in radiologist-level AIR and CDR. Combined use of AIR and CDR could provide meaningful feedback for radiologists to improve their performance by showing relative performance to other radiologists.
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Próstata , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Gradação de TumoresRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report cancer detection rate (CDR) and abnormal interpretation rate (AIR) in prostate MRI performed for clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective single-institution, three-center study included patients who underwent MRI for clinical suspicion of PCa between 2017 and 2021. Patients with known PCa were excluded. Patient-level Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score was extracted from the radiology report. AIR was defined as number of abnormal MRI (PI-RADS score 3-5) / total number of MRIs. CDR was defined as number of clinically significant PCa (csPCa: Gleason score ≥7) detected at abnormal MRI / total number of MRI. AIR, CDR, and CDR adjusted for pathology confirmation rate were calculated for each of three centers and pre-MRI biopsy status (biopsy-naive and previous negative biopsy). RESULTS: A total of 9,686 examinations (8,643 unique patients) were included. AIR, CDR, and CDR adjusted for pathology confirmation rate were 45.4%, 23.8%, and 27.6% for center I; 47.2%, 20.0%, and 22.8% for center II; and 42.3%, 27.2%, and 30.1% for center III, respectively. Pathology confirmation rate ranged from 81.6% to 88.0% across three centers. AIR and CDR for biopsy-naive patients were 45.5% to 52.6% and 24.2% to 33.5% across three centers, respectively, and those for previous negative biopsy were 27.2% to 39.8% and 11.7% to 14.2% across three centers, respectively. CONCLUSION: We reported CDR and AIR in prostate MRI for clinical suspicion of PCa. CDR needs to be adjusted for pathology confirmation rate and pre-MRI biopsy status for interfacility comparison.
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Próstata , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Biópsia , Biópsia Guiada por ImagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound elasticity imaging is a class of ultrasound techniques with applications that include the detection of malignancy in breast lesions. Although elasticity imaging traditionally assumes linear elasticity, the large strain elastic response of soft tissue is known to be nonlinear. This study evaluates the nonlinear response of breast lesions for the characterization of malignancy using force measurement and force-controlled compression during ultrasound imaging. METHODS: 54 patients were recruited for this study. A custom force-instrumented compression device was used to apply a controlled force during ultrasound imaging. Motion tracking derived strain was averaged over lesion or background ROIs and matched with compression force. The resulting force-matched strain was used for subsequent analysis and curve fitting. RESULTS: Greater median differences between malignant and benign lesions were observed at higher compressional forces (p-value < 0.05 for compressional forces of 2-6N). Of three candidate functions, a power law function produced the best fit to the force-matched strain. A statistically significant difference in the scaling parameter of the power function between malignant and benign lesions was observed (p-value = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a greater separation in average lesion strain between malignant and benign lesions at large compression forces and demonstrated the characterization of this nonlinear effect using a power law model. Using this model, we were able to differentiate between malignant and benign breast lesions. SIGNIFICANCE: With further development, the proposed method to utilize the nonlinear elastic response of breast tissue has the potential for improving non-invasive lesion characterization for potential malignancy.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Humanos , Feminino , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Elasticidade , Ultrassonografia Mamária/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast is a rare subtype of metaplastic carcinoma, which accounts for <1% of invasive breast malignancy. Metaplastic carcinoma is usually high grade and aggressive with typically reported benign imaging features when compared to invasive ductal carcinoma. However, the adenosquamous variant is a subtype with a more favorable prognosis. Within the literature, there is limited imaging description with case studies focusing on metaplastic carcinoma. Herein, we report seven cases of the adenosquamous subtype describing the imaging findings with correlation to clinical history and pathology. The majority of patients (n = 6) presented with palpable breast masses. One patient was identified through screening mammography. Mammographically (n = 6), tumors appeared as irregular masses. Sonographically (n = 7), tumors appeared as irregular masses ranging from solid to mixed solid/cystic masses. On MRI (n = 1), one tumor appeared as an irregular rim enhancing mass. FDG PET/CT (n = 2) and whole-body bone scan (n = 1) were also available for review. The majority of tumors were low-grade (n = 6) with only one high-grade tumor. This case series of seven patients demonstrated predominantly suspicious imaging features despite the majority being low-grade tumors.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare breast density assessments between C-View™ and Intelligent 2D™, different generations of synthesized mammography (SM) from Hologic. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we identified a subset of females between March 2017 and December 2019 who underwent screening digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with C-View followed by DBT with Intelligent 2D. Clinical Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System breast density was obtained along with volumetric breast density measures (including density grade, breast volume, percentage volumetric density, dense volume) using VolparaTM. Differences in density measures by type of synthesized image were calculated using the pairwise t-test or McNemar's test, as appropriate. RESULTS: 67 patients (avg age 62.7; range 40-84) were included with an average of 13.3 months between the two exams. No difference was found in Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System density between the SM reconstructions (p = 0.74). Similarly, there was no difference in VolparaTM mean density grade (p = 0.71), mean breast volume (p = 0.48), mean dense volume (p = 0.43) or mean percent volumetric density (p = 0.12) between the exams. CONCLUSION: We found no significant differences in clinical and automated breast density assessments between these two versions of SM. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Lack of differences in density estimates between the two SM reconstructions is important as density assignment impacts risk stratification and adjunct screening recommendations.
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Densidade da Mama , Neoplasias da Mama , Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Mamografia/métodos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The nephrometry score was introduced in 2009 as a way to quantify renal tumor complexity in a systematic way. However, the reproducibility of scoring has not been rigorously validated across specialty or level of training, nor has it been evaluated with regard to meaningful clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 95 consecutive patients with a solid renal mass treated surgically. Each renal tumor was separately scored by 6 reviewers, including 2 staff urologists, 1 staff radiologist, 2 trainees (1 urology, 1 radiology) and 1 medical student. Inter-reviewer agreement for nephrometry score was evaluated using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. We evaluated the ability of the nephrometry score to predict surgery type, pathological features and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Agreement in nephrometry score was substantial among the 3 staff physicians (0.72, 95% CI 0.64-0.80). Nephrometry score agreement continued to be substantial when including the trainees and medical student in the analysis (0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.81). The median nephrometry score of patients treated with radical nephrectomy was 9.0 vs 7.2 for those treated with a nephron sparing approach (p <0.001). Increasing nephrometry score was associated with increased risk of distant metastasis (HR 3.27, p <0.001), death from renal cell carcinoma (HR 2.83, p <0.001) and death from any cause (HR 1.24, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Nephrometry scoring with minimal initial instruction was robust across specialties and levels of training. The additional anatomical information that nephrometry score adds to size alone may be associated with other important clinical outcomes such as tumor aggressiveness and survival, and warrants further study.
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Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Renais/secundário , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Nefrectomia/métodos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
This purpose of this study is to correlate a new shear-wave elastography (SWE) parameter, mass characteristic frequency (fmass) and other elasticity measure with the prognostic histological factors and immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers for the evaluation of heterogeneous breast carcinomas. The new parameter, fmass, first introduced in this paper, is defined as the ratio of the averaged minimum shear wave speed taken spatially within regions of interest to the largest mass dimension. 264 biopsy-proven breast cancerous masses were included in this study. Mean (Emean), maximum (Emax), minimum (Emin) shear wave elasticity and standard deviation (Esd) of shear wave elasticity were found significantly correlated with tumor size, axillary lymph node (ALN) status, histological subtypes and IHC subtypes. The areas under the curve for the ALN prediction are 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.80) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.69-0.81) for the combination of Emean with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) score and Emax with BI-RADS score, respectively. fmass was significantly correlated with the presence of calcifications, ALN status, histological grade, the expressions of IHC biomarkers and IHC subtypes. To conclude, poor prognostic factors were associated with high shear wave elasticity values and low mass characteristic frequency value. Therefore, SWE provides valuable information that may help with prediction of breast cancer invasiveness.
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Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Correlação de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Metástase Linfática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia MamáriaRESUMO
A growing body of evidence indicates that there is a strong correlation between microvascular morphological features and malignant tumors. Therefore, quantification of these features might allow more accurate differentiation of benign and malignant tumors. The main objective of this research project is to improve the quantification of microvascular networks depicted in contrast-free ultrasound microvessel images. To achieve this goal, a new series of quantitative microvessel morphological parameters are introduced for differentiation of breast masses using contrast-free ultrasound-based high-definition microvessel imaging (HDMI). Using HDMI, we quantified and analyzed four new parameters: 1) microvessel fractal dimension (mvFD), a marker of tumor microvascular complexity; 2) Murray's deviation (MD), the diameter mismatch, defined as the deviation from Murray's law; 3) bifurcation angle (BA), abnormally decreased angle; and 4) spatial vascular pattern (SVP), indicating tumor vascular distribution pattern, either intratumoral or peritumoral. The new biomarkers have been tested on 60 patients with breast masses. Validation of the feature's extraction algorithm was performed using a synthetic data set. All the proposed parameters had the power to discriminate the breast lesion malignancy (p < 0.05), displaying BA as the most sensitive test, with a sensitivity of 90.6%, and mvFD as the most specific test, with a specificity of 92%. The results of all four new biomarkers showed an AUC = 0.889, sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 91.4% In conclusion, the added value of the proposed quantitative morphological parameters, as new biomarkers of angiogenesis within breast masses, paves the way for more accurate breast cancer detection with higher specificity.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Fractais , Biomarcadores , Mama , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Microvasos/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Deep learning is a powerful tool that became practical in 2008, harnessing the power of Graphic Processing Unites, and has developed rapidly in image, video, and natural language processing. There are ongoing developments in the application of deep learning to medical data for a variety of tasks across multiple imaging modalities. The reliability and repeatability of deep learning techniques are of utmost importance if deep learning can be considered a tool for assisting experts, including physicians, radiologists, and sonographers. Owing to the high costs of labeling data, deep learning models are often evaluated against one expert, and it is unknown if any errors fall within a clinically acceptable range. Ultrasound is a commonly used imaging modality for breast cancer screening processes and for visually estimating risk using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score. This process is highly dependent on the skills and experience of the sonographers and radiologists, thereby leading to interobserver variability and interpretation. For these reasons, we propose an interobserver reliability study comparing the performance of a current top-performing deep learning segmentation model against three experts who manually segmented suspicious breast lesions in clinical ultrasound (US) images. We pretrained the model using a US thyroid segmentation dataset with 455 patients and 50,993 images, and trained the model using a US breast segmentation dataset with 733 patients and 29,884 images. We found a mean Fleiss kappa value of 0.78 for the performance of three experts in breast mass segmentation compared to a mean Fleiss kappa value of 0.79 for the performance of experts and the optimized deep learning model.
Assuntos
Aprendizado Profundo , Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Document occurrence of breast cancer in females after liver, kidney, or pancreas transplantation seen at a tertiary medical center. METHODS: Medical records of adult female patients with liver, kidney, or pancreas transplants from 1/1/1995 to 4/4/2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with a history of breast cancer, no mammogram post-transplant, or no research authorization were excluded. Mammogram findings and pathology results were reviewed and recorded. Cancer rates could not be measured in patients followed up outside the institution. Descriptive statistics summarized the cohort. Occurrence rates were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: 1095 women were included and 33 were diagnosed with breast cancer post-transplant. Median age at diagnosis was 58 years. Average interval from transplant to cancer diagnosis was 82.6 months. Observed occurrence of invasive and in-situ breast cancer (reported as per 100,000 person-years [95% confidence interval]) was 353 [243-496]. Liver transplant patients showed the lowest rate (181 [95% CI 73-372]), vs. kidney (476 [305-708]) or pancreas (467 [57-1688]). Patients with the highest breast density showed increased occurrence despite younger age (1001 [367-2178]) compared to those with lower breast density (range 239 [109-454] to 372 [186-666]). CONCLUSIONS: Female patients after organ transplant experienced increased breast cancer occurrence in this observational study. Those who developed breast cancer also had increased breast density. The findings underscore the importance of breast cancer screening in this population.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Densidade da Mama , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Mamografia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Compression elastography allows the precise measurement of large deformations of soft tissue in vivo. From an image sequence showing tissue undergoing large deformation, an inverse problem for both the linear and nonlinear elastic moduli distributions can be solved. As part of a larger clinical study to evaluate nonlinear elastic modulus maps (NEMs) in breast cancer, we evaluate the repeatability of linear and nonlinear modulus maps from repeat measurements. Within the cohort of subjects scanned to date, 20 had repeat scans. These repeated scans were processed to evaluate NEM repeatability. In vivo data were acquired by a custom-built, digitally controlled, uniaxial compression device with force feedback from the pressure-plate. RF-data were acquired using plane-wave imaging, at a frame-rate of 200 Hz, with a ramp-and-hold compressive force of 8N, applied at 8N/sec. A 2D block-matching algorithm was used to obtain sample-level displacement fields which were then tracked at subsample resolution using 2D cross correlation. Linear and nonlinear elasticity parameters in a modified Veronda-Westmann model of tissue elasticity were estimated using an iterative optimization method. For the repeated scans, B-mode images, strain images, and linear and nonlinear elastic modulus maps are measured and compared. Results indicate that when images are acquired in the same region of tissue and sufficiently high strain is used to recover nonlinearity parameters, then the reconstructed modulus maps are consistent.