Development and Initial Validation of the Multicultural Personality Inventory (MPI).

Two studies summarize the development and initial validation of the Multicultural Personality Inventory (MPI). In Study 1, the 115-item prototype MPI was administered to 415 university students where exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 70-item, 7-factor model. In Study 2, the 70-item MPI and theoretically related companion instruments were administered to a multisite sample of 576 university students. Confirmatory factory analysis found the 7-factor structure to be a relatively good fit to the data (Comparative Fit Index =.954; root mean square error of approximation =.057), and MPI factors predicted variance in criterion variables above and beyond the variance accounted for by broad personality traits (i.e., Big Five). Study limitations and directions for further validation research are specified.

Multicultural personality questionnaire: development of a short form.

This study reports on the development of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire-Short Form among 511 participants. Using a split-sample scale validation design, Study 1 (N = 260) employed a principal component analysis and rigorous item selection criteria to extract a 40-item short form (MPQ-SF) from the original 91-item Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; van der Zee & van Oudenhoven, 2000, 2001). In Study 2 (N = 251), the MPQ-SF was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and resulted in a reasonably good fit to the data (comparative fit index = .94; root mean squared error of approximation = .066). Satisfactory coefficient alphas and high correlations with the original scales were found. Moreover, relationships with related scales were largely in the predicted direction. Specific directions for follow-up research are posited.

Are Immigrants Scapegoats? The Reciprocal Relationships Between Subjective Well-Being, Political Distrust, and Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Young Adulthood.

This study examined the impact of native youth's subjective well-being on exclusionary attitudes toward immigrants, seeking to understand the relationship between subjective well-being, political distrust, and anti-immigrant attitudes over time. Using longitudinal data, we followed three cohorts of native young adults (N = 1352; Mage = 22.72, SD = 3.1) in Sweden over a period of 2 years. The results showed that subjective well-being did not predict an increase in anti-immigrant attitudes among native youth, but anti-immigrant attitudes had a significant impact on subjective well-being. The data also found bidirectional and mutually reinforcing relationships between subjective well-being and political distrust, and between political distrust and anti-immigrant attitudes. These results highlight that improving young adults' subjective well-being represents an important basis for preventing the development of political distrust, which in turn could reduce native youth's susceptibility to adopt hostile attitudes toward immigrants.

What's the risk? The frequency of false positives in psychosis risk screening instruments.

One way to facilitate early intervention in psychosis is by improving early identification of individuals with psychosis risk through screening. However, screening instruments for psychosis risk have not incorporated the low base rates of psychosis risk and psychosis into their psychometric properties, resulting in an overestimation of the instruments' utility. This study evaluated the false positives of psychosis risk screening instruments using methods that incorporate base rates. Five psychosis risk screening instruments were selected: the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ), the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Version, the Prodromal Questionnaire-16-item version, the Abbreviated Youth Psychosis at Risk Questionnaire, and the PRIME screen. We calculated the long-run probability of false positives for the author-recommended cutoff scores of each instrument. The incorporation of base rates revealed high frequencies of false positives for all psychosis risk screening instruments despite all selected instruments demonstrating acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Using base rates that reflect psychosis risk in a help-seeking population and in the general population, all instruments resulted in ≥ 95% false positives for individuals scoring at the author-recommended cutoff score and ≥ 81% false positives for individuals scoring at or above the author-recommended cutoff score. The PQ had the highest predictive power for a help-seeking sample, demonstrating that the instrument provides 17% additional diagnostic information beyond chance. Screening instruments for psychosis risk should incorporate base rates into instrument validation and cutoff score determination in order to improve identification of psychosis risk in United States mental health settings where these individuals are likely to present. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).