Intrinsic religiousness and spirituality as predictors of mental health and positive psychological functioning in Latter-Day Saint adolescents and young adults.

We investigated the relationships between religiousness and spirituality and various indicators of mental health and positive psychosocial functioning in three separate samples of college students. A total of 898 students at Brigham Young University participated in the three studies. The students ranged in age from 17 to 26 years old, with the average age of 20.9 across all three samples. Our results indicate that intrinsic religiousness, spiritual maturity, and self-transcendence were significantly predictive of better mental health and positive functioning, including lower levels of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsiveness, and higher levels of global self-esteem, identity integration, moral self-approval, and meaning in life. Intrinsic religiousness was not predictive of shame, perfectionism, and eating disorder symptoms. These findings are consistent with many prior studies that have found religiousness and spirituality to be positively associated with better mental health and positive psychosocial functioning in adolescents and young adults.

Comparison of B-Cell Lupus and Lymphoma Using a Novel Immune Imbalance Transcriptomics Algorithm Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) and B-cell lymphoma (lymphoma) co-occur at higher-than-expected rates and primarily depend on B cells for their pathology. These observations implicate shared inflammation-related B cell molecular mechanisms as a potential cause of co-occurrence. METHODS: We consequently implemented a novel Immune Imbalance Transcriptomics (IIT) algorithm and applied IIT to lupus, lymphoma, and healthy B cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data to find shared and contrasting mechanisms that are potential therapeutic targets. RESULTS: We observed 7143 significantly dysregulated genes in both lupus and lymphoma. Of those genes, we found 5137 to have a significant immune imbalance, defined as a significant dysregulation by both diseases, as analyzed by IIT. Gene Ontology (GO) term and pathway enrichment of the IIT genes yielded immune-related "Neutrophil Degranulation" and "Adaptive Immune System", which validates that the IIT algorithm isolates biologically relevant genes in immunity and inflammation. We found that 344 IIT gene products are known targets for established and/or repurposed drugs. Among our results, we found 48 known and 296 novel lupus targets, along with 151 known and 193 novel lymphoma targets. Known disease drug targets in our IIT results further validate that IIT isolates genes with disease-relevant mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: We anticipate the IIT algorithm, together with the shared and contrasting gene mechanisms uncovered here, will contribute to the development of immune-related therapeutic options for lupus and lymphoma patients.

Agency: What Does It Mean to Be a Human Being?

This paper will look at the results of what has been termed "the crisis of modernism" and the related rise of postmodern perspectives in the 19th and 20th centuries. It concentrates on what is arguably the chief casualty of this crisis - human agency - and the social science that has developed out of the crisis. We argue that modern and postmodern social science ultimately obviate human agency in the understanding of what it means to be a human being. Attention is given to the contemporary intellectual world and the way in which it has been deeply informed by neo-Hegelian and other postmodern scholarly trends, particularly in accounting for how agency has come to play little role in social science understanding of human action. The paper also offers an alternative conception of human agency to the commonly endorsed libertarian model of free choice. Finally, the paper argues that this view of agency preserves meaning and purpose in human action and counters the pervasive social science worldview that sacrifices agency and meaning to powerful invisible abstractions.

A multi-institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of post-secondary students.

In some educational settings, the cost of textbooks approaches or even exceeds the cost of tuition. Given limited resources, it is important to better understand the impacts of free open educational resources (OER) on student outcomes. Utilizing digital resources such as OER can substantially reduce costs for students. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the adoption of no-cost open digital textbooks significantly predicted students' completion of courses, class achievement, and enrollment intensity during and after semesters in which OER were used. This study utilized a quantitative quasi-experimental design with propensity-score matched groups to examine differences in outcomes between students that used OER and those who did not. The demographics of the initial sample of 16,727 included 4909 students in the treatment condition with a pool of 11,818 in the control condition. There were statistically significant differences between groups, with most favoring students utilizing OER.

Intrinsic religiousness and spiritual well-being as predictors of treatment outcome among women with eating disorders.

This study investigated the relationship of religious orientation, religious affiliation, and spiritual well-being with treatment outcomes in an eating disorder inpatient treatment program. Participants were 251 women diagnosed with an eating disorder. Gain scores on the Eating Attitudes Test, Body Shape Questionnaire, Outcome Questionnaire 45.2, and therapist improvement ratings were used as outcome measures. Multiple regression analyses revealed that neither intrinsic religiousness nor religious affiliation were associated with treatment outcomes. Pearson correlations revealed that improvements in spiritual well-being during treatment were significantly associated with positive gains in eating attitudes, less body shape concerns, and positive psychological and social functioning.