RESUMO
Microbial biotechnology employes techniques that rely based on the natural interactions that occur in ecosystems. Bacteria, including rhizobacteria, play an important role in plant growth, providing agricultural crops with an alternative that can mitigate the negative effects of abiotic stress, such as those caused by saline environments. In this study, bacterial isolates were obtained from soil and roots of Prosopis limensis Bentham from the department of Lambayeque, Peru. This region has high salinity levels, therefore, the collected samples were used to isolate plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which were identified through morphological, and physical-biochemical characteristics. These salt tolerant bacteria were screened phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid, deaminase activity and molecular characterization by 16S rDNA sequencing. Eighteen samples from saline soils of the Prosopis limensis plants in the northern coastal desert of San Jose district, Lambayeque, Peru. The bacterial isolates were screened for salt tolerance ranging from 2 to 10%, a total of 78 isolates were found. Isolates 03, 13 and 31 showed maximum salt tolerance at 10%, in vitro ACC production, phosphate solubilization and IAA production. The three isolates were identified by sequencing the amplified 16S rRNA gene and were found to be Pseudomonas sp. 03 (MW604823), Pseudomonas sp. 13 (MW604824) and Bordetella sp. 31 (MW604826). These microorganisms promoted the germination of radish plants and increased the germination rates for treatments T2, T3 and T4 by 129, 124 and 118% respectively. The beneficial effects of salt tolerant PGPR isolates isolated from saline environments can be new species, used to overcome the detrimental effects of salt stress on plants. The biochemical response and inoculation of the three isolates prove the potential of using these strains as a source of products that can be employed for the development of new compounds proving their potential as biofertilizers for saline environments.
Assuntos
Alphaproteobacteria , Prosopis , Raphanus , Prosopis/genética , Ecossistema , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Estresse Salino , Solo/química , Fosfatos , Alphaproteobacteria/genética , Microbiologia do Solo , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Extreme environments Morrope and Bayovar Salt lagoons, several ecosystems and microhabitats remain unexplored, and little is known about the diversity of Actinobacteria. We suggest that the endemic bacteria present in this extreme environment is a source of active molecules with anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic properties. Using phenotypic and genotypic characterization techniques, including 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified these bacteria as members of the genera Streptomyces, Pseudonocardia, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. Actinobacteria strains were found predominantly. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 13 Actinobacteria clusters of Streptomyces, the main genus. Three Streptomycetes, strains MW562814, MW562805, and MW562807 showed antiproliferative activities against three tumor cell lines: U251 glioma, MCF7 breast, and NCI-H460 lung (non-small cell type); and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, and the multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii AC-972. The antiproliferative activities (measured as total growth inhibition [TGI]) of Streptomyces sp. MW562807 were 0.57 µg/mL, for 0.61 µg/mL, and 0.80 µg/mL for glioma, lung non-small cell type, and breast cancer cell lines, respectively; the methanolic fraction of the crude extract showed a better antiproliferative activity and could inhibit the growth of (U251 (TGI = 38.3 µg/mL), OVCAR-03 (TGI = 62.1 µg/mL), and K562 (TGI = 81.5 µg/mL)) of nine tumor cells types and one nontumor cell type. Extreme enviroments, such as the Morrope and Bayovar Salt saloons are promising sources of new bacteria, whose compounds may be useful for treating various infectious diseases or even some types of cancer.
Assuntos
Actinobacteria , Filogenia , Antibacterianos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , RNA Ribossômico 16S , StreptomycesRESUMO
The aim of the study was to determine the genotype of 15 ESBL strains of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to beta-lactams, isolated from inanimate surfaces and phenotypically characterized as producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. After evaluation and screening of the bacterial strains, a PCR was conducted to amplify fragments of 1078 bp and 544 bp corresponding to type TEM and CTX-M ESBL. Eleven strains presented both fragments at the time and only three had blaCTX-M. In conclusion, the presence of ESBL genes in cultures from the environment was demonstrated, some of which may belong to more than one type. This information could serve as a basis for implementing preventive measures to prevent the transmission of multiresistant bacteria from inanimate surfaces to patients, mainly in critical hospital areas.
Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Escherichia coli/enzimologia , Klebsiella/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Hospitais , Humanos , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , beta-LactamasRESUMO
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el genotipo BLEE de 15 cepas de enterobacterias resistentes a betalactámicos, aisladas de superficies inanimadas y caracterizadas fenotípicamente como productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido. Previa evaluación y tamizaje de las cepas bacterianas, se hizo un PCR para amplificar fragmentos de 1078 pb y 544 pb correspondientes a BLEE tipo TEM y CTX-M. Once cepas presentaron ambos fragmentos a la vez y tres presentaron solamente blaCTX-M. En conclusión, se demostró la presencia de genes BLEE en cultivos de origen ambiental, algunos de los cuales podrían pertenecer a más de un tipo; esta información podría servir de base para implementar medidas de prevención que eviten la trasmisión de bacterias multirresistentes desde superficies inanimadas a los pacientes, principalmente en áreas hospitalarias críticas...
The aim of the study was to determine the genotype of 15 ESBL strains of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to beta-lactams, isolated from inanimate surfaces and phenotypically characterized as producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. After evaluation and screening of the bacterial strains, a PCR was conducted to amplify fragments of 1078 bp and 544 bp corresponding to type TEM and CTX-M ESBL. Eleven strains presented both fragments at the time and only three had blaCTX-M. In conclusion, the presence of ESBL genes in cultures from the environment was demonstrated, some of which may belong to more than one type. This information could serve as a basis for implementing preventive measures to prevent the transmission of multiresistant bacteria from inanimate surfaces to patients, mainly in critical hospital areas...
Assuntos
Humanos , Escherichia coli , Infecção Hospitalar , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , beta-LactamasesRESUMO
Introducción: Las betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), son enzimas que fenotípicamente se caracterizan por conferir resistencia a penicilinas y cefalosporinas. Las cepas que producen Blee en su mayoria enterobacterias, y en particular E. coli son resistentes a todos los antibióticos betalactámicos con la excepción de las Carbapenemes y cefamicinas. El objetivo fue determinar la presencia fenotípica y molecular de BLEE que presenten el gen CTX-M en cepas de E. coli aisladas de urocultivos de pacientes con infecciones urinarias internados o ambulatorios en el Hospital Regional durante el periodo Noviembre 2012 a Julio 2013. Material y Métodos: Se trabajó con 35 cepas de E. coli a quienes se les hizo el tamizaje de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana por el método fenotípico de Jarlier y las pruebas de identificación bioquímica, posteriormente se detectó la presencia del gen blaCTX-M mediante la prueba molecular de PCR. Resultados: 18 (51,4%) de las cepas de E. coli eran productoras de BLEE tipo CTX￾M, de éstas, 14 fueron aisladas del sexo femenino y por consulta externa (en áreas de urología, pediatría, nefrología, endocrinología, gastroenterología, ginecología) y 04 de pacientes que estuvieron internados en el Hospital. Conclusiones: Se reporta la existencia del gen CTX-M en cepas de E. coli aisladas de urocultivo a partir de pacientes ambulatorios mayoritariamente, lo que nos demuestra la existencia de este patógeno a nivel de comunidad, sugiriéndonos un uso indiscriminado de antibióticos en nuestro medio, que nos motiva a realizar más trabajos de este tipo para vigilar el uso correcto de los mismos.(AU)
Introduction: ESBLs are enzymes that are characterized phenotypically by conferring resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. The strains Extended-Spectrum B-lactamases producing strains in their most Enterobacteria, in particular E. coli are resistant to all betalactam antibiotics except carbapenems and cephamycins. The Purpose was to determine the phenotypic and molecular presence of ESBL submit the CTX -M gene in strains of E. coli isolated from urine cultures in hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections or outpatient at the Regional Hospital during the period November 2012 to July 2013. Material and Methods: We worked with 35 strains of E. coli who were asked antimicrobial susceptibility screening method for Jarlier phenotypic and biochemical identification tests then the presence of blaCTX -M gene was detected by PCR molecular testing. Results: 18 (51.4 %) strains of E. coli were producing ESBLCTX -M, of these, 14 were isolated from female and outpatient (in areas of urolog y, pediatri c s , nephrolog y, endoc rinolog y, gastroenterology , gynecology ) and 04 patients who were admitted to the Hospital. Conclusions: The CTX -M gene in strains of E. is reported coli isolates from outpatient urine culture mostly patients, which demonstrates the existence of this pathogen at the community level, suggesting indiscriminate use of antibiotics in our environment, which motivates us to do more work of this type to monitor the proper use thereof. (AU)