The long and winding road: the journey taken by headache sufferers in search of help.

AimTo outline the pathways a cohort of first attendees to our headache clinics had taken over the years in search of explanations and treatment for their headaches. To establish a greater awareness of the shortcomings and failures in their medical journey in the hope that better headache management will emerge in primary care. BACKGROUND: At first attendance in primary care most headache sufferers will not receive a firm diagnosis. Treatments provided are often ineffective and so many patients embark on a somewhat random self-made journey searching for a remedy. If they reach a Headache Clinic the most common diagnoses are 'chronic migraine' and 'medication overuse headache'. They are either no better or worse than when their headaches first started despite their efforts. METHOD: We undertook a prospective questionnaire-based study of over 200 patients on first attendance at each of our headache clinics, three based in District General Hospitals and one in a tertiary referral centre. We documented the patients' headache characteristics, the 'burden' of their headaches, functional handicap and the financial costs incurred seeking help before referral. We also documented what our patients understood about their headache disorder and the treatments previously tried.FindingsMost patients had not been given a formal diagnosis in primary care and many remained unconvinced of the benign nature of their headache problem and wanted further investigations. A few had sought help from headache charities. Many had unrealistic attitudes to their problem and medication overuse was rife. A few patients had been offered triptans in primary care. Key deficiencies in the primary care management of these patients included failure to provide a formal headache diagnosis, inadequate understanding of the nature and mechanism of headaches and failure to follow a resilient management strategy. We provide a more effective management pathway in primary care.

Migraine: management aetiology and diagnosis.

Migraine is an episodic condition that significantly affects the quality of life of those who experience it. The headache may manifest with or without sensory or visual aura. This article explains what migraine is, why it differs from other headaches and what drug therapies are available to treat it. It also includes health promotion advice on the best ways to prevent attacks. The author stresses that the impact of migraine on quality of life should not be underestimated. It is vital to give control back to sufferers rather than let migraine control them.

Imaging patients with suspected brain tumour: guidance for primary care.

The number of referrals by primary care practitioners to secondary care neurology services, particularly for headache, may be difficult to justify. Access to imaging by primary care practitioners could avoid referral without compromising patient outcomes, but the decision to refer is based on a number of complex factors. Due to the paucity of rigorous evidence in this area, available data are combined with expert opinion to offer support for GPs. The study suggests management for three levels of risk of tumour: red flags>1%; orange flags 0.1-1%; and yellow flags<0.1% but above the background population rate of 0.01%. Clinical presentations are stratified into these three groups. Important secondary causes of headache where imaging is normal should not be overlooked, and normal investigation does not eliminate the need for follow-up or appropriate management of headache.

Topiramate for migraine prophylaxis.

Topiramate is one of several antiepileptic drugs that are used in the prevention of migraine, but the only one licensed for use in the UK. Topiramate has an extensive evidence base provided by double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to show that it is a safe, effective and well tolerated drug in the management of migraine. It has also been shown to have a role in the management of chronic migraine, which represents a challenge to primary care clinicians as well as headache specialists. Studies have demonstrated that topiramate can also be effective in preventing migraine in childhood and adolescence, although this is unlicensed in the UK. It has been shown in models both in the US and the UK to offer a cost benefit when direct and indirect costs are evaluated by reducing work loss, improving quality of life and reducing the use of increasingly scarce health resources.