RESUMO
Little or no information is available concerning online high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) antioxidants and the antibiofilm effect of Leonurus cardiaca. Five distinct extractions of methanolic, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, hexane, and water were obtained from L. cardiaca. In the online-HPLC-antioxidant analysis of all examined samples, rosmarinic acid emerged as the primary antioxidant, registering concentrations ranging from 6 to 15 ppm at wavelengths of 517 and 734 nm. Notably, the water extract exhibited robust antioxidant activity In vitro. Regarding acetylcholinesterase and butrylcholinesterase inhibition, the n-hexane extract exhibited superior inhibition with values of 3.08 and 5.83 galanthamine equivalent, respectively. Except for the water extract, all tested extracts (at a concentration of 20 µg/mL) exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against biofilm formation, in many cases superior to 80%, and reached even 94.52% against Escherichia coli. Although less vigorous, the extracts also acted against the mature biofilm (inhibition up 76.50% against Staphylococcus aureus). They could work against the metabolism inside an immature and mature biofilm, with inhibition percentages up to 93.18% (vs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 76.50% (vs. Acinetobacter baumannii), respectively. Considering its significant antioxidants, enzyme inhibition, and antimicrobial activity, L. cardiaca emerges as a promising candidate for therapeutic potential.
Assuntos
Leonurus , Leonurus/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Acetilcolinesterase , Água , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/análiseRESUMO
Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) contain biologically active compounds with proven health benefits. Durum wheat noodle-shaped pasta enriched with dried and powder leaves of chard or chicory, at two different levels of supplementation (3%, 6%) was prepared on a laboratory scale. The content of polyphenols, pigments, carotenoids, in vitro inhibition of digestive enzymes and the predicted glycaemic response of the fortified pasta were evaluated. All formulations showed in vitro enzyme inhibition of amylase, glucosidase, and lipase and a low pGI <43. The lowest predicted glycaemic index (pGI = 34 ± 1.1) was found for pasta enriched with 3% beet powder. The incorporation of Beta vulgaris and Cichorium intybus leaf powders improved the nutritional properties of the pasta and also imparted an attractive natural colour to the products.
Assuntos
Dieta Mediterrânea , Índice Glicêmico , Verduras , Triticum , Pós , ProteínasRESUMO
This study was conducted to examine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from six Tunisian Eucalyptus species and to evaluate their anti-enzymatic and antibiofilm activities. The EOs were obtained through hydro-distillation of dried leaves and subsequently analyzed using GC/MS. The main class of compounds was constituted by oxygenated monoterpenes, particularly prominent in E. brevifolia (75.7%), E. lehmannii (72.8%), and E. woollsiana (67%). Anti-enzymatic activities against cholinesterases, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. Notably, the E. brevifolia, E. extensa, E. leptophylla, E. patellaris, and E. woollsiana EOs displayed potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (IC50: 0.25-0.60 mg/mL), with E. lehmannii exhibiting lower activity (IC50: 1.2 mg/mL). E. leptophylla and E. brevifolia showed remarkable α-amylase inhibition (IC50: 0.88 mg/mL), while E. brevifolia and E. leptophylla significantly hindered α-glucosidase (IC50 < 30 mg/mL), distinguishing them from other EOs with limited effects. Additionally, the EOs were assessed for their anti-biofilm properties of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The E. extensa EO demonstrated the main antibiofilm effect against E. coli and L. monocytogenes with an inhibition > 80% at 10 mg/mL. These findings could represent a basis for possible further use of Eucalyptus EOs in the treatment of human microbial infections and/or as a coadjutant in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease and/or diabetes mellitus.
Assuntos
Eucalyptus , Óleos Voláteis , Humanos , Eucalyptus/química , Escherichia coli , Tunísia , Acetilcolinesterase/farmacologia , alfa-Glucosidases/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleo de Eucalipto/farmacologia , alfa-Amilases , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Several foods are used in both the nutraceutical and health sectors; vegetable oils, for example, can prevent the onset of numerous diseases. The properties of these oils are related to their chemical composition and primarily to the presence of fatty acids. The present work aimed to determine the chemical profiles of Argania spinosa, Pinus halepensis, and Pistacia altantica oils, used in traditional Tunisian foods, and to evaluate some biological properties. We evaluated their antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Linoleic acid was the main component of the three oils. P. atlantica oil showed more significant inhibitory activity against the enzymes studied than A. spinosa and P. halepensis. All three oils showed similar antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, A. spinosa and P. halepensis oils showed antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa, with 30-40% inhibition. These results focus on the possible use of these oils in the nutraceutical and healthcare sectors.
Assuntos
Pinus , Pistacia , Sapotaceae , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Tunísia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Anti-InflamatóriosRESUMO
Plants with medicinal benefits are a crucial source of compounds for developing drugs. This study was designed to determine the chemical composition, antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anti-enzymatic activities of Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC. We also reported the molecular interaction between identified molecules and several receptors associated with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. A total of seventeen and thirteen compounds were identified in aqueous and methanolic extracts of P. incisa, respectively. The methanolic extract yielded a higher total content of polyphenols and flavonoids of about 84.80 ± 2.8 mg GAE/g and 28.30 ± 1.2 mg QE/g, respectively. Significant antibacterial activity was recorded for both extracts, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 30 to 36 µg/mL, and the result was comparable to the reference antibiotic control. Antibiofilm assays revealed that both extracts were able to reduce the attachment of bacterial cells to 96-well plates, but the highest antibiofilm activity was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus. The methanolic extract also showed anti-enzymatic potency and high antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by all assays used, including DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS. These results were further validated by in silico approaches, particularly the molecular interaction of the identified compounds with the targeted receptors. These findings present P. incisa as a significant source of antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anti-enzymatic molecules.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Pulicaria , Antioxidantes/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , MetanolRESUMO
Pasta is a commonly consumed food; adding some ingredients, maybe turn it into a functional food with health benefits. These ingredients consist of dietary fiber, antioxidant molecules, and enzyme inhibitor compounds, related to a reduced risk for some diseases. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a rich source of bioactive compounds rendering it a relevant candidate for the production of functional foods. The present study examines the in vitro starch digestibility of durum wheat pasta supplemented with 3% onion flour. The incorporation of onion flour attenuated the extent of starch digestion and accordingly the area under the curve of reducing sugars discharged during in vitro digestion. The predicted glycemic index (pGI) of pasta supplemented with onion flour (3%) was significantly lower (pGI = 54 ± 0.17) than the control pasta (pGI = 72 ± 0.14). These results indicate that 3% onion fortified pasta represents a food with potential healthy properties, showing glucose-lowering capabilities in vitro.
Assuntos
Índice Glicêmico , Triticum , Farinha , Cebolas , Amido/metabolismoRESUMO
The Eucalyptus genus (Myrtaceae) is characterized by a richness in essential oils (EO) with multiple biological activities. This study reports the chemical composition and the phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the EOs from Tunisian E.occidentalis, E.striaticalyx and E.stricklandii. The EOs were analyzed using GC/MS and their phytotoxicities were assessed against the germination and seedling growth of Sinapis arvensis, Trifolium campestre and Lolium rigidum. Antimicrobial activity was investigated against both Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) bacteria. The inhibition of biofilm formation and its metabolism was determined at different times. All EOs were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (36.3-84.8%); the EO of E.occidentalis was rich in sesquiterpenes, both oxygenated and hydrocarbon (40.0% and 15.0%, respectively). Eucalyptol was the main constituent in all samples. The EOs showed phytotoxic activity on seed germination and seedling growth, depending both on chemical composition and weed. The EOs show a remarkable antibacterial potential resulting in a significant inhibition of the formation of bacterial biofilm and its metabolism, depending on the EO and the strain, with activity on the mature biofilm as well. Therefore, these Eucalyptus EOs could have potential applications both in the food and health fields.
Assuntos
Eucalyptus , Óleos Voláteis , Sesquiterpenos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biofilmes , Escherichia coli , Eucaliptol , Eucalyptus/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologiaRESUMO
This study was carried out to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oils from seven Eucalyptus species (E. griffithsii, E. hemiphloia, E. lesouefii, E. longicornis, E. pyriformis, E. viminalis, and E. wandoo), as well as their phytotoxic and antibacterial activities. The essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS and the potential in vitro phytotoxicity was evaluated against germination and radical elongation of Raphanus sativus, Lolium multiflorum, and Sinapis arvensis seeds. The antibiofilm activity was studied against both Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) bacteria. The inhibition of biofilm formation and its metabolism was determined at different times. Eucalyptol was the most abundant component in all essential oils studied (ranging from 40.8% for E. lesouefii EO to 73.6% for E. wandoo) except for that of E. pyriformis where it was present but at 15.1%. E. pyriformis was the most active against both germination and radical elongation of S. arvensis. The action of all essential oils proved to be highly effective in inhibiting the bacterial adhesion process of the five strains considered. In light of these results, these essential oils could have potential applications both in the agricultural and health fields.
Assuntos
Eucalyptus , Óleos Voláteis , Eucalyptus/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Eucaliptol/farmacologia , Bactérias , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Tunísia , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
The present study was carried out to determine some biochemical characteristics, in particular the total polyphenol content and the free radical scavenging activity, of the extracts recovered from bulbs and aerial parts (these last often considered as by-products) of two landraces of A. ampeloprasum var. holmense cultivated in Southern Italy. For the first time, the capacity of the extracts of these landraces to inhibit the formation of biofilm of different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and to affect the metabolism of the cells present within the bacterial biofilm was evaluated. All extracts exhibited an amount of total polyphenols not lower than 2.86 mg/g of dried product and revealed a noteworthy antioxidant activity, with EC50 values not exceeding 4.95 mg. In both cases, the aerial parts extracts were more effective than the bulb extracts, which also showed a minor amount of total polyphenols. The extracts inhibited mainly the adhesive capability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, by 95.78% and 85.01%, respectively. The extracts demonstrated to inhibit also the metabolism of the bacterial cells reaching levels up to 90%. Finally, as assessed by the assays performed on the 24-h preformed biofilms, all the extracts were also capable to cause a reduction in bacterial biomass and to affect their metabolism.
Assuntos
Allium/química , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Geografia , Itália , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/químicaRESUMO
The aim of this paper was to study the polyphenols of peel and pulp of three Citrus taxa-Citrus medica, Citrus bergamia, and Citrus medica cv. Salò-cultivated in the Cosenza province, Southern Italy, and to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activity, performed against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pectobacterium carotovorum. Furthermore, we assessed the inhibitory effect of the extracts on bacterial capacity to form biofilm, and on the metabolic activity of the cells present therein. The results indicated that such extracts could find new potential applications in the field of natural antioxidant and anti-bacterial agents in pharmaceutics, agriculture, and food fields.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Citrus/química , Polifenóis/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/fisiologia , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/fisiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pectobacterium carotovorum/efeitos dos fármacos , Pectobacterium carotovorum/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologiaRESUMO
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are a good source of nutrients and phenolic compounds with versatile health benefits. Polyphenol-rich extracts of six ecotypes of P. vulgaris were analysed to determine their phenolic profiles and assayed in vitro for inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes relevant to carbohydrates and lipids metabolism. The extracts inhibited enzyme activities in a dose-dependent manner. IC 50 values ranged from 69 ± 1.9 to 126 ± 3.2 µg/mL and from 107.01 ± 4.5 to 184.20 ± 5.7 µg/mL, before and after cooking, for α-amylase, from 39.3 ± 4.4 to 74.13 ± 6.9 µg/mL and from 51 ± 7.7 to 122.1 ± 5.2 µg/mL for α-glucosidase and from 63.11 ± 7.5 to 103.2 ± 5.9 µg/mL and from 92.0 ± 6.3 to 128.5 ± 7.4 µg/mL for lipase. Results suggest encouraging their consumption, being natural sources of enzyme inhibitors important for type-2 diabetes and obesity prevention/control. Well-monitored in vivo studies would help to establish their beneficial effects, making them worthwhile of further consideration as functional foods.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Lipase/antagonistas & inibidores , Phaseolus/química , Polifenóis/farmacologia , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Culinária , Ecótipo , Flavonoides/análise , Itália , Taninos/análise , alfa-GlucosidasesRESUMO
The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Carum copticum essential oil and its methanolic extract were investigated. Thirteen compounds were identified representing 99.3% of the total oil composition. Oxygenated monoterpenes (53.0%) dominated the C. copticum essential oil with high contents of thymol (51.7 ± 1.51%), p-cymene (26.9 ± 1.11%), γ-terpinene (16.7 ± 0.76%), and ß-pinene (1.6 ± 0.15%). In the methanolic extract, the caffeic, gallic, chlorogenic, coumaric and ferulic acids, flavan-3-ols (catechin), flavone (hyperoside), and the flavonol quercetin were identified. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil and the organic extract was tested by disk diffusion and broth microdilution method. The essential oil was effective against the tested bacteria and yeast strains with the highest activity and the MICs and MBCs values were lower as compared to the methanolic extract. The essential oil showed anti-quorum sensing activity against Chromobacterium violaceum, and the IC50 value for violacein inhibition was 0.23 mg/ml. Both the essential oil and the methanolic extract also showed antioxidant activities. The results obtained highlight the potential use of C. copticum as a possible source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds to be used both as food flavor and as a broad spectrum antibiotic.
RESUMO
Laurus nobilis is native to the southern Mediterranean region and cultivated mainly in Europe and the USA as an ornamental and medicinal plant. The chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from leaves of L. nobilis, collected in Southern Italy, was studied by GC and GC-MS. In all, 55 compounds were identified, accounting for 91.6% of the total oil. 1,8-Cineole (31.9%), sabinene (12.2%), and linalool (10.2%) were the main components. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of EO and 1,8-cineole were determined in vitro. The cytotoxicity of the EO was evaluated against SH-SY5Y cell line, as well as the influence of the EO on the expression of adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1), suggesting possible oil effects on the Central Nervous System.
Assuntos
Laurus/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Adenilil Ciclases/metabolismo , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
The aims of this work were to study the chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Pereskia aculeata and to evaluate some biological activities of three leaf extracts. The phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and in vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activities were determined. The methanol extract showed antioxidant activity (EC50 7.09 mg/mL) and high polyphenols content (15.04 ± 0.31 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g). The petroleum ether extract exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, whereas the chloroform extract showed inhibitory activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The petroleum ether and methanol extracts were more effective in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus versicolor. The possible cytotoxicity of extracts on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cancer cell line and the influence on adenylate cyclase (ADCY) expression was also studied. P. aculeata chloroform extract showed antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 262.83 µg/mL. Treatments of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with 100 µg/mL of methanol extract significantly reduced ADCY1 expression.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/química , Antifúngicos/química , Cactaceae/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Humanos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
Peganum harmala L., also known as Syrian rue or Pègano, is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Zygohpyllaceae family, and is widely used in traditional medicine. The chemical composition of essential oils of P. harmala seeds from five different regions of Northern Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia) was studied by GC and GC-MS analyses. A total of 105 compounds were identified, the main components being oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Eugenol is the main component in all oils. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was assayed against some bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (DSM 25693), Bacillus cereus (DSM 4313), Bacillus cereus (DSM4384), Escherichia coli (DMS 857) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 50071). All the oils showed different inhibitory activity. In the twentieth century this is an important result; we need possible new botanical drugs because the problem of resistance to antimicrobial drugs has become apparent. Moreover, the essential oils were evaluated for their possible in vitro phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radicle growth of Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., and Ruta graveolens L. The results showed that both germination and radical elongation were sensitive to the oils.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Herbicidas , Lepidium sativum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Óleos Voláteis , Peganum/química , Raphanus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ruta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sementes/química , África do Norte , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Herbicidas/química , Herbicidas/isolamento & purificação , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologiaRESUMO
The probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii, was microencapsulated in a mixture of alginate-inulin-xanthan gum, and its ability to grow in berry juice and survive 4 weeks of storage at 4 °C was determined. Exposure of the yeast in these forms to artificial gastrointestinal conditions was also assessed. Encapsulation significantly enhanced cell viability after fermentation and storage compared with the free yeast (7.59 log10 colony forming units/ml versus 6.98 log10 colony forming units/ml, respectively) and protected it from exposure to a simulated gastrointestinal transit after 4 weeks of storage. Conversely, a dramatic loss of viability was exhibited by free yeast after 4 weeks of storage, and viability values closer to zero (0.23 log10 cfu/ml) were found after the simulated gastrointestinal treatment. Microcapsules were capable of absorbing a certain amount of polyphenols and anthocyanins. This work, based on use of microencapsulated probiotic yeasts, might represent the starting point for the development of new functional foods or functional ingredients. Microcapsules were capable to absorb, from berry juice, a certain amount of anthocyanins which, maintaining their native form after the in vitro gastrointestinal transit, might in vivo therein be transformed into other, simpler molecules, with beneficial effect on microflora and human health too.
Assuntos
Bebidas , Suco Gástrico/química , Probióticos/farmacocinética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Simbióticos , Cápsulas , Células Imobilizadas/citologia , Células Imobilizadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citologiaRESUMO
The growth and viability of three Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, after their passage through simulated gastric and pancreatic juices were studied as a function of their presence in the growth medium of rocket salad (Eruca sativa). The presence of E. sativa affected some of the biological properties of the strains. For example, L. acidophilus and L. plantarum worked more efficiently in the presence of E. sativa, increasing not only the antioxidant activity of the medium, but also their own antioxidant power and antimicrobial activity; L. rhamnosus was not affected in the same manner. Overall, the presence of vegetables might help to boost, in specific cases, some of the characteristics of lactobacilli, including antioxidant and antimicrobial power.
Assuntos
Brassicaceae/química , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/metabolismo , Lactobacillus acidophilus/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Brassicaceae/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/farmacologia , Eletroforese Capilar , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Polifenóis/química , Probióticos/farmacologia , Proteoma/análiseRESUMO
Honey can beneficially act against different human diseases, helping our body to improve its health. The aim of the present study was first to increase knowledge of some biochemical characteristics (amount and composition of polyphenols and volatile organic compounds, vitamin C content) of five Italian legume honeys (alfalfa, astragalus, carob, indigo, and sainfoin). Furthermore, we evaluated their potential health properties by studying their antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities and in vitro inhibitory effects on three enzymes involved in neurodegenerative diseases (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase). Alfalfa honey showed the highest total polyphenol content (TPC) (408 µg g-1 of product). Indigo honey showed the lowest TPC (110 µg g-1 of product). The antioxidant activity was noteworthy, especially in the case of sainfoin honey (IC50 = 6.08 mg), which also exhibited excellent inhibitory action against butyrylcholinesterase (74%). Finally, the correlation between the biochemical and functional results allowed us to identify classes of molecules, or even single molecules, present in these five honeys, which are capable of influencing the properties indicated above.
RESUMO
Thymus daenensis Celak (Lamiaceae family), known as denaian thyme, is an Iranian endemic plant, commonly used for its carminative, expectorant, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Previous studies report the chemical profile of the essential oil of T. daenensis aerial parts, but little is known about its non volatile constituents. Herein, phytochemical and biological investigation of the polar extract of T. daenensis aerial parts to provide further insight into traditional use of this plant has been accomplished. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to linear ion-trap and orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS) analysis of MeOH extract was performed to guide the isolation of specialized metabolites and successive characterization by NMR analysis. MeOH extract displayed antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH (EC50 = 48.99 ± 1.47 µg/mL) and TEAC assay (1.37 mg/mL). Successively, the biofilm inhibitory activity of extract and isolated compounds against mature biofilms of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, and their influence on the metabolism of sessile bacterial cells were evaluated. Two previously unreported thymol derivatives have been identified. The biofilm inhibitory activity of isolated compounds highlighted a promising antimicrobial action for the tested compounds. In particular, vanillic acid, (3S,5R,6R,7E,9S)-megastigm-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetrol 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, thymoquinol-2-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside and the never reported compound daenol resulted capable of exerting inhibitory activity vs all pathogenic strains. All compounds tested at a concentration of 10 µg/mL inhibited the metabolism of the sessile cells of E. coli at a percentage ranging between 37.7% and 77.39%, and of L.monocytogenes at a percentage ranging between 21.79% and 71.17%.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Compostos Fitoquímicos , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais , Thymus (Planta) , Thymus (Planta)/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Irã (Geográfico) , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Many plants can produce essential oils (EOs), having various biological properties. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-enzymatic and antimicrobial effects of the EOs derived from leaves of Eucalyptus cladocalyx, E. angulosa, E. microcorys, E. ovata, E. diversicolor, E. saligna, E. sargentii and E. resinifera. The antioxidant activity of the EOs was carried out with three different methods (ABTS, DPPH and FRAP). In addition, their anti-colinesterases, anti α-amylase and anti α-glucosidase effects were assessed by spectrophotometric assays. The antimicrobial activities were tested against six phytopathogenic bacterial strains, including two G + ve (Bacillus mojavensis and Clavibacter michiganensis) and four G-ve (Pseudomonas fluorescence, P. syringae, Xanthomonas campestris and E. coli). The current study has also investigated the inhibition of biofilm formation and the possible effect on bacterial cells biofilm metabolism of three Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) and two Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes). The ABTS and DPPH tests indicated that E. diversicolor and E. saligna EOs showed high antioxidant activities, whereas FRAP test suggested that E. diversicolor EO exhibited the better antioxidant activity. E. resinifera and E. ovata EOs were the most active against cholinesterases instead E. ovata and E. sargentii EOs were more active against enzymes involved in diabetes. Antibacterial assays revealed that E. ovata and E. saligna EOs possess significant activity closely to tetracycline. Whereas, the antifungal assay revealed that all EOs have effectively suppressed the tested fungal growth. E. saligna EO showed substantial efficacy inhibiting both the mature biofilm (85.40 %) and metabolic activities (89.80 %) of L. monocytogenes. These results demonstrate the wide range of possible uses for Eucalyptus EOs in both agriculture and medicine fields, suggesting potential uses as strong antibiofilm agents and for biocontrol of phytopathogens.