RESUMO
The transcription factor Pax6 balances cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the mammalian developing neocortex by regulating the expression of target genes. Using microarray analysis, we observed the down-regulation of Dmrta1 (doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor-like family A1) in the telencephalon of Pax6 homozygous mutant rats (rSey(2) /rSey(2) ). Dmrta1 expression was restricted to the neural stem/progenitor cells of the dorsal telencephalon. Overexpression of Dmrta1 induced the expression of the proneural gene Neurogenin2 (Neurog2) and conversely repressed Ascl1 (Mash1), a proneural gene expressed in the ventral telencephalon. We found that another Dmrt family molecule, Dmrt3, induced Neurog2 expression in the dorsal telencephalon. Our novel findings suggest that dual regulation of proneural genes mediated by Pax6 and Dmrt family members is crucial for cortical neurogenesis.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Olho/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Neurogênese/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Box Pareados/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Telencéfalo/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Animais , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Mamíferos , Proteínas do Olho/metabolismo , Feminino , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/fisiologia , Fator de Transcrição PAX6 , Fatores de Transcrição Box Pareados/metabolismo , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Telencéfalo/embriologia , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
DEC1 and DEC2, members of the basic helix-loop-helix superfamily, are involved in various biological phenomena including clock systems, cell differentiation and metabolism. In clock systems, Dec1 and Dec2 expression are up-regulated by the CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer via E-box (CACGTG), exhibiting a circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central circadian pacemaker and other peripheral tissues. In this study, using assays of luciferase reporters, electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified novel nuclear receptor response elements, ROR response elements (RORE), in Dec1 and Dec2 promoters. These ROREs responded to the transcriptional activator RORα, but not to the repressor REVERBα, although the Bmal1 promoter responded to both RORα and REVERBα. Therefore, RORα, but not REVERBα, is involved in the regulation of Dec1 and Dec2 expression without significantly affecting their rhythmicity. Since RORα, DEC1 and DEC2 reportedly suppressed adipogenic differentiation, we examined expression of Rorα, Dec1, Dec2 and other clock-controlled genes in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results suggested that RORα suppresses adipogenic differentiation at a later stage of differentiation by RORE-mediated stimulation of Dec1 and Dec2 expression.
Assuntos
Adipogenia/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Membro 1 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição ARNTL/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular , Ritmo Circadiano/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Ordem dos Genes , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Elementos de RespostaRESUMO
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) is a regulator for differentiation of melanoblasts that are derived from the neural crest. The mouse homozygous for the black-eyed white (Mitf(mi-bw)) allele is characterized by the white coat color and deafness, with black eye that is associated with the lack of melanocytes in skin and inner ear. The Mitf(mi-bw) mutation is an insertion of the LINE1 retrotransposable element into intron 3 of the Mitf gene that causes the selective deficiency of the melanocyte-specific Mitf isoform, Mitf-M. Here, we show the expression of Mitf-M mRNA in the trunk region of the homozygous Mitf(mi-bw)(bw) mouse at embryonic days (E) 11.5 and E12.5, but Mitf-M mRNA is undetectable at E13.5. In addition, using bw mouse that carries the lacZ transgene under the control of a melanoblast-specific promoter, we show that the number of migrating melanoblasts in bw embryos was less than 10% of that in control embryos at E11.5 and E12.5, and melanoblasts disappear by E13.5. The loss of melanoblasts in bw embryos was probably caused by apoptosis. Finally, forced expression of Mitf-M in the cultured neural tube of bw embryos ensured the differentiation of melanoblasts. Therefore, the correct dose of Mitf-M is required for the normal development of melanoblasts.