Energy Dispatch for CCHP System in Summer Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning.

Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system is an effective solution to solve energy and environmental problems. However, due to the demand-side load uncertainty, load-prediction error, environmental change, and demand charge, the energy dispatch optimization of the CCHP system is definitely a tough challenge. In view of this, this paper proposes a dispatch method based on the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, DoubleDQN, to generate an optimal dispatch strategy for the CCHP system in the summer. By integrating DRL, this method does not require any prediction information, and can adapt to the load uncertainty. The simulation result shows that compared with strategies based on benchmark policies and DQN, the proposed dispatch strategy not only well preserves the thermal comfort, but also reduces the total intra-month cost by 0.13~31.32%, of which the demand charge is reduced by 2.19~46.57%. In addition, this method is proven to have the potential to be applied in the real world by testing under extended scenarios.

Impact of changes in energy structure and industrial structure on green total factor productivity in the context of environmental protection-evidence from China.

To achieve high-quality economic development in the process of promoting the development of China's environment quality, and green economy, green total factor productivity is an important indicator to measure high-quality economic development. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the impact of changes in energy and industrial structure on green total factors. Each specific province in China is taken as the research object, and the green total factor productivity index into green technology efficiency and green technology progress are decomposed in this paper. On the basis of constructing the industrial structure upgrading index and energy structure upgrading index, a fixed-effect model and threshold regression model are used to analyze the influence of industrial structure and energy structure on green total factor productivity and its internal mechanism. Results shows that green total factor productivity, industrial structure and energy structure all show a trend of "continuous rise in small fluctuations," but there is a spatial disequilibrium; the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure and energy structure can effectively promote the improvement of green total factor productivity, and the growth mainly comes from the improvement of green technology progress, not the improvement of green technology efficiency; the impact of the improvement of industrial structure and energy structure on green technology efficiency has a significant nonlinear trend of increasing marginal effect; the upgrading of the industrial structure has a stronger role in promoting green total factor productivity in the central and western regions than in the eastern region; while the optimization of the energy structure has a significant promoting effect on green total factor productivity in the eastern region, but has a certain inhibitory effect on the central and western regions.

Cu(I)-catalyzed highly exo-selective and enantioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with acrylates.

[reaction: see text] A novel Cu(I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with acrylates has been developed. Up to 98/2 exo/endo selectivity and up to 98% enantiomeric excess have been achieved.

Triazole-based monophosphines for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and amination reactions of aryl chlorides.

[reaction: see text] A new class of triazole-based monophosphine 1 (ClickPhos) has been prepared via efficient 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of readily available azides and acetylenes. Palladium complexes derived from these ligands provide highly active catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and amination reactions of aryl chlorides.

Tuning the reaction paths in palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling-cyclization reaction of beta-amino allenes with organic halides: a substituent switch.

[reaction: see text] Substituent effects on the allene moiety and the N-protecting group were found to be the dominant factor in determining the reaction paths in the Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling-cyclization reaction of beta-amino allenes with organic halides.

Carcinoid tumor of the common bile duct in children: a case report.

Carcinoid tumors of common bile duct (CBD) are rare, with fewer than 60 cases reported worldwide. Typically, jaundice is the most common presenting symptom. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult because methods for obtaining adequate specimens for histologic analysis are limited. Surgery is the primary treatment for CBD carcinoids to have disease-free survival. This is a case report concerning a 10-year-old boy with a carcinoid tumor of the CBD. An overview of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, radiologic workup, surgical treatment, histologic features, and prognosis of carcinoid tumor is provided.

Studies on Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization of N-3,4-alkadienyl toluenesulfonamides with organic halides: selective synthesis of 2,3-dihydropyrroles, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrridines, and azetidines.

The palladium-catalyzed coupling-cyclization of beta-amino allenes with organic halides ranging from aryl halide to 1-alkenyl halide was studied. 2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrroles were obtained by reaction of 3-substituted-5-unsubstituted-3,4-allenyl amides under conditions A, while the reaction of 5-substituted-3,4-allenyl amides afforded 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines and/or azetidines with high de under conditions B or C. The skeleton and relative configuration of the six-membered products were established by the X-ray diffraction studies of 10 ka. Allenyl amide 4 q reacted with 1,4-diiodobenzene 6 r to afford double cyclization product 15. The structure of its major stereoisomer was also determined by the X-ray diffraction study.

Triazole-based monophosphine ligands for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides.

A variety of triazole-based monophosphines (ClickPhos) have been prepared via efficient 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of readily available azides and acetylenes. Their palladium complexes provided excellent yields in the amination reactions and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of unactivated aryl chlorides. Ligand 7i, which has a 2,6-dimethoxybenzene moiety, provided good results in Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to form hindered biaryls. A CAChe model for the Pd/7i complex shows that the likelihood of a Pd-arene interaction might be a rationale for its high catalytic reactivity.

Giant omental lipoma in children.

Lipoma is a rare benign neoplasm of mature fat cells. Asymptomatic abdominal mass, progressive abdominal distension, and intraperitoneal radiolucent fat density mass on computed tomography are the main clinical symptoms and signs. An unusual case is presented in this report. A complete excision was performed on an 11-month-old boy with a giant omental lipoma, and no recurrence was found in the 12-month follow-up.

Efficient synthesis of 4-(2'-alkenyl)-2,5-dihydrofurans and 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans via the Pd-catalyzed cyclizative coupling reaction of 2,3- or 3,4-allenols with allylic halides.

In the absence of a base, palladium(II) catalysts, such as PdCl(2), PdCl(2)(CH(3)CN)(2), Pd(OAc)(2), and [(pi-C(3)H(5))PdCl](2), can catalyze the cyclizative coupling reaction of 2,3- or 3,4-allenols with allylic halides in DMA at room temperature to provide 2,5-dihydrofurans and 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans, respectively, in moderate to good yields. Under similar reaction conditions, nonsubstituted 2,3-allenol 1s affords bimolecular cyclizative coupling product 5s as the major product. The scope of the reaction and its mechanism have been studied briefly. On the basis of the experimental results, the transformation was believed to proceed via a divalent palladium-catalyzed pathway.

Studies on Pd(II)-catalyzed coupling-cyclization of alpha- or beta-amino allenes with allylic halides.

The palladium-catalyzed coupling-cyclization of alpha- or beta-amino allenes with allylic halides leading to 3-allylic 2,5-dihydropyrroles and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines, respectively, was studied. The starting materials are easily available. The skeletons of both two classes of products were established by the X-ray diffraction studies of 7i and 9b. Through the study of the reaction of 2b with 3-chloro-1-butene, 1-chloro-2-butene, and pi-allyl palladium species and the stereochemical outcome of the coupling cyclization of (S)-2m and (R)-2n, it is believed that the current transformation most likely proceeded via a Pd(II)-catalyzed pathway, although a Pd(0) pathway cannot be completely excluded.

Novel fluorogenic substrates for imaging beta-lactamase gene expression.

A new class of small nonfluorescent fluorogenic substrates becomes brightly fluorescent after beta-lactamase hydrolysis with up to 153-fold enhancement in the fluorescence intensity. Less than 500 fM of beta-lactamase in cell lysates can be readily detected, and beta-lactamase expression in living cells can be imaged with a red fluorescence derivative. These new fluorogenic substrates should find uses in clinical diagnostics and facilitate the applications of beta-lactamase as a biosensor.