Exploring parenthood in first episode of psychosis: the potential role of the offspring in the outcome of women.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to explore the role of parenthood at first episode of psychosis (FEP) on recovery, with a focus on potential sex differences. METHODS: Sociodemographic, clinical, and neurocognitive information was considered on 610 FEP patients form the PAFIP cohort (Spain). Baseline and three-year follow-up comparisons were carried out. Chi-square tests and ANCOVA analysis were performed controlling for the effect of age and years of education. RESULTS: Men comprised 57.54% of the sample, with only 5.41% having offspring when compared to 36.29% of women. Parenthood was related to shorter duration of untreated illness (DUI) in women with children (12.08 months mothers vs. 27.61 months no mothers), showing mothers better premorbid adjustment as well. Childless men presented the worst premorbid adjustment and the highest cannabis and tobacco consumption rates. Mothers presented better global cognitive function, particularly in attention, motor dexterity and executive function at three-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Diminished parental rates among FEP men could be suggested as a consequence of a younger age of illness onset. Sex roles in caregiving may explain the potential role of parenthood on premorbid phase, with a better and heathier profile, and a more favorable long-term outcome in women. These characteristics may be relevant when adjusting treatment specific needs in men and women with and without offspring.

Unsupervised Bayesian classification for models with scalar and functional covariates.

We consider unsupervised classification by means of a latent multinomial variable which categorizes a scalar response into one of the L components of a mixture model which incorporates scalar and functional covariates. This process can be thought as a hierarchical model with the first level modelling a scalar response according to a mixture of parametric distributions and the second level modelling the mixture probabilities by means of a generalized linear model with functional and scalar covariates. The traditional approach of treating functional covariates as vectors not only suffers from the curse of dimensionality, since functional covariates can be measured at very small intervals leading to a highly parametrized model, but also does not take into account the nature of the data. We use basis expansions to reduce the dimensionality and a Bayesian approach for estimating the parameters while providing predictions of the latent classification vector. The method is motivated by two data examples that are not easily handled by existing methods. The first example concerns identifying placebo responders on a clinical trial (normal mixture model) and the other predicting illness for milking cows (zero-inflated mixture of the Poisson model).

Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis population.

BACKGROUND: The intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and their unaffected relatives may be related to the genetic burden of schizophrenia (SCZ). The polygenic score approach can be useful for testing this question. AIM: To assess the contribution of the polygenic risk scores for SCZ (PGS-SCZ) and polygenic scores for IQ (PGS-IQ) to the individual IQ and its difference from the mean IQ of the family (named family-IQ) through a family-based design in an FEP sample. METHODS: The PAFIP-FAMILIES sample (Spain) consists of 122 FEP patients, 131 parents, 94 siblings, and 176 controls. They all completed the WAIS Vocabulary subtest for IQ estimation and provided a DNA sample. We calculated PGS-SCZ and PGS-IQ using the continuous shrinkage method. To account for relatedness in our sample, we performed linear mixed models. We controlled for covariates potentially related to IQ, including age, years of education, sex, and ancestry principal components. RESULTS: FEP patients significantly deviated from their family-IQ. FEP patients had higher PGS-SCZ than other groups, whereas the relatives had intermediate scores between patients and controls. PGS-IQ did not differ between groups. PGS-SCZ significantly predicted the deviation from family-IQ, whereas PGS-IQ significantly predicted individual IQ. CONCLUSIONS: PGS-SCZ discriminated between different levels of genetic risk for the disorder and was specifically related to patients' lower IQ in relation to family-IQ. The genetic background of the disorder may affect neurocognition through complex pathological processes interacting with environmental factors that prevent the individual from reaching their familial cognitive potential.

Breaking down processing speed: Motor and cognitive insights in first-episode psychosis and unaffected first-degree relatives.

INTRODUCTION: Processing speed (PS) deficits represent a fundamental aspect of cognitive impairment, evident not only in schizophrenia but also in individuals undergoing their first episode of psychosis (FEP) and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Heterogeneity in tests assessing PS reflects the participation of motor and cognitive subcomponents to varying degrees. We aim to explore differences in performance of the subcomponents of PS in FEP patients, parents, siblings, and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Results from tests, including Trail Making Test part A and part B, Digit Symbol Coding Test, Grooved Pegboard Test, and Stroop Word and Stroop Color subtests, were obtained from 133 FEP patients, 146 parents, and 202 controls. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed in controls to establish the structure, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify if the other groups share this structure. RESULTS: EFA revealed a two-factor model: Factor 1 for the motor subcomponent and Factor 2 for the cognitive subcomponent. Subsequently, CFA indicated a good fit for the remaining groups with differences in the relationship between the factors. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the relationships of factors within a common structure suggest the involvement of different compensatory strategies among groups, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of PS deficits in patients and relatives.

Processing speed in first episode of psychosis and first-degree relatives: A candidate endophenotype of spectrum schizophrenia disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The processing speed (PS) is highly impacted in individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis (FEP). Conducting family studies can help to determine whether PS can serve as an endophenotype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), offering valuable insights into the prevention and diagnosis of SSDs. METHOD: A comprehensive cognitive battery, encompassing tests for PS, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive functions, motor dexterity, and attention, was administered to a sample consisting of 133 FEP patients, 146 parents, 98 siblings, and 202 healthy controls (HCs). Univariate analyses (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]) were conducted to compare the different cognitive domains between groups, utilizing sex, age, and years of education as covariates and Bonferroni corrections. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated for estimating the magnitude of differences between groups. RESULTS: Group comparisons revealed significant differences in all cognitive domains. PS was the most impaired function in patients. Parents and siblings had intermediate PS performance between FEP patients and HC. Large ES were observed in PS between FEP versus siblings, FEP versus controls, parents versus controls, and parents versus siblings. CONCLUSIONS: Despite not meeting all the necessary criteria, the PS observed in FEP patients and their first-degree relatives suggests its potential as a promising endophenotype of SSDs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

First large-scale study reveals important losses of managed honey bee and stingless bee colonies in Latin America.

Over the last quarter century, increasing honey bee colony losses motivated standardized large-scale surveys of managed honey bees (Apis mellifera), particularly in Europe and the United States. Here we present the first large-scale standardized survey of colony losses of managed honey bees and stingless bees across Latin America. Overall, 1736 beekeepers and 165 meliponiculturists participated in the 2-year survey (2016-2017 and 2017-2018). On average, 30.4% of honey bee colonies and 39.6% of stingless bee colonies were lost per year across the region. Summer losses were higher than winter losses in stingless bees (30.9% and 22.2%, respectively) but not in honey bees (18.8% and 20.6%, respectively). Colony loss increased with operation size during the summer in both honey bees and stingless bees and decreased with operation size during the winter in stingless bees. Furthermore, losses differed significantly between countries and across years for both beekeepers and meliponiculturists. Overall, winter losses of honey bee colonies in Latin America (20.6%) position this region between Europe (12.5%) and the United States (40.4%). These results highlight the magnitude of bee colony losses occurring in the region and suggest difficulties in maintaining overall colony health and economic survival for beekeepers and meliponiculturists.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII AND NEOSPORA CANINUM INFECTION IN GOATS FROM AGUASCALIENTES, MEXICO.

The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection by estimating seroprevalence and its association with certain risk factors in goats from Aguascalientes, Mexico. A total of 150 blood samples was taken from 10 farms and serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indirect test to detect T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies; the association between seroprevalence and some potential risk factors was estimated through logistic regression analysis. The general seroprevalence for T. gondii was 12.6%, observed in the farms in a range of 6.6 to 60%, finding seropositive animals in 80% of them; for N. caninum the seroprevalence was 3.3% and in farms a range of 6.6 to 13.3% was identified and 30% of them had at least 1 seropositive animal. The coinfection was 0.66%. The risk analysis for T. gondii identified a history of abortions (odds ratio 9.25) as a factor associated with seroprevalence; for N. caninum, no risk factor was identified.

Sex differences in cognitive reserve among first episode of psychosis patients.

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive reserve (CR) has recently been considered a key factor in the onset of a first episode of psychosis (FEP). However, the differences in CR in FEP patients according to sex have not yet been investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CR was estimated among 443 FEP patients (246 men and 197 women) and 156 healthy controls (96 men and 60 women) by using the proxies premorbid IQ, years of education and employment status. A neuropsychological battery was administrated to measure neurocognitive specific domains. Analyses of variance were used to make comparisons between groups. RESULTS: FEP women had greater CR than FEP men. This circumstance was not observed in healthy controls. Among the group of patients with low CR, FEP women outperformed FEP men in the cognitive domains verbal memory and processing speed. Meanwhile, among the FEP patients with high CR, men showed better performance in attention than women. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in CR observed between FEP men and women could be related to a number of specific factors, such as, age at illness onset, education level, and variability in performance in verbal memory, processing speed, and attention domains. These results provide background information about CR in FEP patients that will be useful in the design of sex specific cognitive remediation interventions.

Theory of Mind as an endophenotype for schizophrenia spectrum disorder: Study in first episode of psychosis patients and first-degree relatives.

BACKGROUND: Deficits in Theory of Mind (ToM) had been suggested as a possible endophenotype for unaffected relatives of first episode of psychosis (FEP) patients. There are a limited number of studies which have evaluated ToM deficits among the siblings and parents of FEP patients. AIM: This study aimed to explore ToM deficits and its correlates among FEP patients, their siblings, parents, and controls. METHODOLOGY: FEP patients (N=102), their parents (N=135), siblings (N=97), and controls (N=167) were evaluated on ToM performance with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes Test). Interview for sociodemographic variables of age, sex, years of education, and IQ estimation and neurocognitive tests were administered to all groups. RESULTS: FEP patients had a significantly lower performance on the Eyes Test compared to their siblings and controls. However, no significant differences were found between siblings and parents or siblings and controls. CONCLUSION: Attending our results, we found no evidence for ToM deficits as an endophenotype of SSDs. Furthermore, ToM accuracy may be mediated by interaction with other cognitive domains and play a protective role against psychosis in unaffected siblings.

Maternal Exposure to Arsenic and Its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Review.

Arsenic exposure is a significant public health issue, with harmful effects caused by its use in commercial products such as car batteries, pesticides, and herbicides. Arsenic has three main compounds: inorganic, organic, and arsine gas. Inorganic arsenic compounds in water are highly toxic. The daily intake of arsenic from food and beverages is between 20 and 300 mcg/day. Arsenic is known for its carcinogenic properties and is classified as a human carcinogen by different institutions. Exposure can lead to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and epigenetic deregulation, which can cause endocrine disorders, altered signal transduction pathways, and cell proliferation. In addition, arsenic can easily cross the placenta, making it a critical concern for maternal and fetal health. Exposure can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes, anemia, low birth weight, miscarriage, and congenital anomalies. Female babies are particularly vulnerable to the negative impact of arsenic exposure, with a higher risk of low weight for gestational age and congenital cardiac anomalies. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and regulate the levels of arsenic in drinking water and food sources to prevent these adverse health outcomes. Further research is necessary to fully understand the impact of arsenic exposure on human health, especially during pregnancy and infancy, by implementing preventative measures and monitoring the levels of arsenic in the environment.

Adaptation Strategies in Students with Motor Functional Diversity / Estrategias de adaptación en los estudiantes con diversidad funcional motora / Estratégias de adaptação de alunos com diversidade motora funcional

Objective. The work sough to know the adaptation strategies of students from Universidad del Quindío with motor functional diversity. Method. Descriptive qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through an in-depth interview with nine undergraduate students with moderate motor functional diversity, in face-to-face class attendance modality during the period 2022-2 at Universidad del Quindío (Colombia) with age ≥ 18 years and having scored from 20 - 40 in the Barthel index. The definition of the number of participants was conducted through theoretical saturation. Results. Seven categories emerged from the descriptive analysis of the interviews: 1) support; 2) affection; 3) life project; 4) personal growth; 5) spirituality; 6) autonomy, and 7) education. Together, they reveal important aspects on the way students have adapted to the university campus and how interpersonal relations can contribute to promoting resilience processes Conclusion. Support and affection provided by the social setting play a fundamental role in the adaptation of students with motor functional diversity, improving their mental health, generating resilience, and increasing their self-esteem. Noting that in spite of lifestyle changes after the acquisition of the diversity, the students set novel goals and develop new abilities that contribute to complying with their life project; likewise, they have set into practice and can recognize their coping mechanisms, acquiring qualities, like resilience and autonomy.

Objetivo. Conocer las estrategias de adaptación de los estudiantes con diversidad funcional motora de la universidad del Quindío. Método. Estudio cualitativo de tipo descriptivo con enfoque fenomenológico. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una entrevista a profundidad con 9 estudiantes de pregrado con diversidad funcional motora moderada, en modalidad presencial en el período 2022-2 de la Universidad del Quindío (Colombia) con una edad igual o mayor a 18 años y haber puntuado de 20-40 en el índice de Barthel. La definición del total de participantes se realizó por saturación teórica. Resultados. Del análisis descriptivo de las entrevistas surgieron siete categorías: 1) apoyo; 2) afecto; 3) proyecto de vida; 4) crecimiento personal; 5) espiritualidad; 6) autonomía y 7) educación. En conjunto, revelan aspectos importantes sobre la forma en que los estudiantes se han adaptado al campus universitario y cómo las relaciones interpersonales pueden contribuir a la promoción de procesos de resiliencia Conclusión. El apoyo y el afecto brindado por el entorno social juega un papel fundamental en la adaptación de los estudiantes con diversidad funcional motora, mejorando su salud mental, generando resiliencia y aumentando su autoestima. Constatando que a pesar de los cambios en el estilo de vida tras la adquisición de la diversidad los alumnos se plantean novedosas metas y desarrollan nuevas habilidades que contribuyen al cumplimiento de su proyecto de vida, así mismo, han puesto en práctica y pueden reconocer sus mecanismos de afrontamiento adquiriendo cualidades como la resiliencia y la autonomía.

Objetivo. Conheça as estratégias de adaptação de alunos com diversidade motora funcional na Universidade de Quindío, (Colômbia). Método. Estudo qualitativo do tipo descritivo com abordagem fenomenológica. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevista em profundidade a 9 alunos de graduação com moderada diversidade motora funcional, na modalidade presencial no período 2022-2, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos e com pontuação 20-40 no índice de Barthel. A definição do número total de participantes foi feita por saturação teórica. Resultados. Da análise descritiva das entrevistas emergiram sete categorias: 1) apoio; 2) afeto; 3) projeto de vida; 4) crescimento pessoal; 5) espiritualidade; 6) autonomia e 7) educação. Juntos, eles revelam aspectos importantes sobre a forma como os alunos se adaptaram ao campus universitário e como as relações interpessoais podem contribuir para promover processos de resiliência. Conclusão. O apoio e o afeto proporcionado pelo meio social têm papel fundamental na adaptação de alunos com diversidade motora funcional, melhorando sua saúde mental, gerando resiliência e aumentando sua autoestima. Constatando que apesar das mudanças no estilo de vida após a aquisição da diversidade, os alunos traçam novas metas e desenvolvem novas habilidades que contribuem para a realização de seu projeto de vida, da mesma forma, colocam em prática e conseguem reconhecer seus mecanismos de enfrentamento adquirindo qualidades como resiliência e autonomia.

Los significados de la menopausia, una mirada desde la teoría de las transiciones

Introducción: La menopausia es una etapa, si bien normal, de profundos cambios en la vida de la mujer; la transición hacia la menopausia impone un reto al profesional de enfermería, encaminado a promover la salud, facilitar la transición y apoyar la búsqueda de solución a las necesidades que se presentan. Objetivo: El presente estudio está orientado a comprender los significados de la menopausia en mujeres de Armenia, Quindío, Colombia. Metodología: Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, fenomenológico e interpretativo desde la teoría de las transiciones de Meléis. Se efectuaron entrevistas a profundidad a seis mujeres de Armenia, previo consentimiento informado, con muestreo intencional, grabación y diario de campo; la información se analizó con apoyo de la base de datos ATLAS.ti, mediante codificación, categorización inductiva, triangulación y contestación con la literatura. Resultados: Se encontró una percepción negativa de la menopausia por sensación de fogajes, desasosiego, depresión y disfunción sexual; para los síntomas recurren a terapias complementarias y medicación, al respecto, algunas refieren una experiencia tranquilizadora y agradable. Urgen redes de acompañamiento en salud para promoción, prevención y apoyo familiar. Las participantes solicitan programas educativos específicos desde edades tempranas. Discusión: Los resultados coinciden con la literatura en cuanto a la experiencia de las participantes y la necesidad de apoyo y orientación. Desde la teoría de Meléis, la transición es de desarrollo, organizacional, con patrones múltiples, simultáneos y relacionados. La experiencia fue sentida y vivida negativamente, se necesitan espacios de análisis, reflexión y acompañamiento desde edades tempranas, para deconstruir el concepto de menopausia y climaterio como problema de salud, y abordarlo como evento vital y de renacimiento, como apertura a una nueva forma de vivir, con estilos de vida saludables. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la menopausia es percibida y experimentada como una etapa de ansiedad, desasosiego, tristeza y desesperanza, por el poco acompañamiento, deficiente educación y preparación de la mujer; las mujeres adultas "menopaúsicas" son poco reconocidas, rechazadas, y muchas veces solo toleradas por personas cercanas. Urgen redes de acompañamiento en salud.

Introduction: Menopause is a stage, although normal, of profound changes in a woman's life. The transition to menopause imposes a challenge on the nursing professional, aimed at promoting health, facilitating the transition and supporting the search for a solution to the needs that arise. Objective: The present study is aimed at understanding the meanings of menopause in women from Armenia, Quindio Department, Colombia. Metodology: A qualitative, phenomenological and interpretative approach was used, based on Meleis's theory of transitions. In-depth interviews were carried out on six women from Armenia, with prior informed consent, with intentional sampling, recording, and field diary; the information was analyzed with support of the ATLAS.ti database, through coding, inductive categorization, triangulation, and comparison with the literature. Results: A negative perception of menopause was found due to hot flashes, restlessness, depression and sexual dysfunction; for the symptoms they resort to complementary therapies and medication, as a result, some report a calming and pleasant experience; health accompaniment networks are urgently needed for promotion and prevention, and family support. They request specific educational programs from an early age. Discussion. The results coincide with the literature regarding the experience of the participants and the need for support and guidance. From Meleis's theory, the transition is developmental, organizational, with multiple, simultaneous and related patterns. The experience was felt and lived negatively, spaces for analysis, reflection and accompaniment are needed from an early age, to deconstruct the concept of menopause and climacteric as a health problem, and address it as a vital and rebirth event, as an opening to a new way of living, with healthy lifestyles. Conclusions: It is concluded that the menopause is perceived and experienced as a stage of anxiety, restlessness, sadness and hopelessness, due to the lack of accompaniment, poor education and preparation of women; "menopausal" adult women are little recognized, rejected and, many times, only tolerated by close people. Health support networks are urgently needed.

Conocimientos sobre la COVID-19 y el lavado de manos / Knowledge of COVID-19 and hand washing

RESUMEN La mejor forma de prevenir el COVID-19 es el lavado de manos. Sin embargo, existe poca difusión sobre la importancia que tiene y desafortunadamente no se le ha dado la importancia que merece. Objetivo Determinar conocimientos y prácticas que tienen los familiares de los estudiantes de 5 semestres de enfermería Universidad del Quindío Armenia Colombia, sobre el COVID-19 y el lavado de manos. Método Investigación descriptiva, con un muestreo intencional de 83 personas para responder a un pretest y postes con una capacitación preventiva e informativa como herramienta mediadora del aprovechamiento de los presaberes, se realizó entre marzo y mayo de 2020. Resultados Los informantes tenían un saber previo básico y adecuado acerca de lo que implica la práctica del lavado de manos. Se realizó una interpretación reflexiva con el diseño de una infografía que visibilizó el estado de opinión a partir de una comparación entre los instrumentos. Los resultados y la discusión plantearon que la práctica de lavado de manos es algo más que un acto sencillo. Conclusiones Existían conocimientos previos que fueron fortalecidos por la capacitación y se interpretó que la salud es un patrimonio que debe salvaguardarse con responsabilidad y bioseguridad.(AU)

ABSTRACT The best way to prevent counting the COVID-19 is hand washing. However, there is little dissemination about the importance that it has and unfortunately it has not been given the importance it deserves. Objective To determine the knowledge and practices that the relatives of the 5 semester nursing students have about COVID-19 and hand washing. Method Descriptive research, with an intentional sampling of 83 people to respond to a pretest and posts with a preventive and informative training as a mediating tool for the use of presaberes, was carried out between March and May 2020. Results The informants had basic and adequate prior knowledge of what is involved in the practice of hand washing. A reflective interpretation was made with the design of an info graphic that visualized the state of opinion from a comparison between the instruments. The results and discussion suggested that the practice of hand washing is more than just a simple act. Conclusions There was prior knowledge that was strengthened by training and it was interpreted that health is a heritage that must be safeguarded with responsibility and biosecurity.(AU)

Configuraciones familiares de los pacientes con enfermedad crónica no transmisible (ecnt) de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud de tercer nivel en la ciudad de armenia, quindío

El propósito fundamental del estudio fue caracterizar la configuración de la familias de los pacientes con ECNT, en términos de composición, valoración de componentes del estilo de vida, estructura y tipología, para reflexionar sobre la importancia de conocer el contexto familiar de la persona con ECNT, en el establecimiento de planes de alta y continuidad del cuidado de los pacientes. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa descriptiva con una muestra de 360 entre 2973 pacientes adultos consultantes de una IPS de tercer nivel de atención, en la ciudad de Armenia. La información fue recolectada a través de encuesta. Los datos fueron llevados a Bases de Datos construidas en Access y procesadas en el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21. Resultados: Existe gran heterogeneidad en las familias con relación a la distribución por sexo, edad, estado civil, nivel de escolaridad y ocupación. La estructura de las familias es diversa encontrándose desde la existencia de familias unipersonales hasta las conformadas por más de 17 integrantes; familias sin núcleo, y personas con ECNT que viven solas por situaciones como viudez, separación y solterismo. Existen diferentes tipologías de familia en el contexto del departamento del Quindío, desde la familia nuclear completa, pasando por familias tipo asociación, donde se comparte la vivienda con amigos, que incluye familias extensas completas e incompletas, y familias nucleares incompletas. En los aspectos propios de la convivencia de la persona con su enfermedad, se encontró que al haber conciencia de la misma por parte del paciente, este manifiesta tristeza, debido a que sienten que, no obstante haber sido tratados y variado sus hábitos alimenticios, su estado de salud sigue igual. Otros, en cambio, continúan llevando estilos de vida poco saludables mientras que algunos buscan compensación adicionando terapias complementarias a su tratamiento al tiempo que afirman que no todo el equipo de salud les brinda acompañamiento. Conclusión: Es importante evitar procesos de estandarización de cuidado de la salud del paciente con ECNT y de su familia. Se debe procurar que durante el proceso de diseño de los planes de acompañamiento y alta se incluyan aspectos particulares tanto del contexto familiar como de las personas con ECNT; también, se deberían incluir aspectos relacionados con la vivencia y la experiencia de la persona con ECNT para posibilitar el uso de terapias complementarias como apoyo al tratamiento.

The main purpose of this research was to characterize the configurations of the families of patients with NTCD, in terms of composition, structure and family typologies, the assessment of lifestyle factors, and finally, to reflect on the need to know the characteristics of the families and individuals of the person with NTCD, in the establishment of plans of high-continuity care. The research was descriptive quantitative, the subjects constituted by the Families that consult an IPS of third level of attention in the city of Armenia, 2973 Adult patients, there were 360. Samples. The information was gathered through survey. The data was registered in Databases built in Access and processed in the statistical package SPSS version 21. Results: There is great heterogeneity in families in relation to distribution by sex, age, marital status, schooling level and occupation. The family structure is diverse and appears from the existence of single-person families to those formed with more than 17 members, families without a nucleus, people with NTCD who live alone, due to different conjugal situations such as: widowhood, separation, singleness. There are different types of family in in the department of Quindío, starting by the complete nuclear family through association family type, in this case those who live with friends, including complete and incomplete extended families, incomplete nuclear families. According to the experience of the person with this illness, it was found that they know about this disease, there are feelings of sadness, they have felt that despite the treatment chose, their health process remains the same, some of them have modified their eating habits, although, others continue practicing an unhealthy lifestyle, and other ones seek for compensation by adding to treatment complementary therapies and they assure that not all the health staff" provides them assistance. Conclusion: It is important to avoid processes of standardization of health care of the patients with NTCD and their families; that is to say, when designing the monitoring process and discharge plans, it is important to keep in mind to include the characteristics of families and people with NTCD in particular, and include aspects about the personal experience of the person with NTCD and enable the use of complementary therapies to support treatment.

O objetivo principal foi caracterizar as configurações das famílias de pacientes com DCNT, em termos de composição, estrutura e tipologias familiares, a avaliação dos componentes do estilo de vida e, por fim, refletir sobre a necessidade de conhecer as características das famílias e as características específicas da pessoa com DCNT, para estabelecer planos de alta e continuidade de cuidados. A investigação foi quantitativa descritiva, o universo foi constituído pelas famílias que consultam uma IPS (instituição de prestação de serviços) de terceiro nível de atenção da cidade de Armenia, 2973 pacientes adultos, a amostra foi de 360. A informação foi coletada por meio de questionários. Os dados foram introduzidos nas bases de dados construídas no Access e processadas com o software estatístico SPSS versão 21. Resultados: Existe grande heterogeneidade nas famílias em relação à distribuição por sexo, idade, estado civil, nível de escolaridade e ocupação. A estrutura familiar é diversificada, da existência de lares unipessoais até famílias com mais de 17 membros, famílias sem núcleo, pessoas com DCNT que vivem sozinhas devido à várias situações conjugais: viuvez, separação, solteirismo. Existem diferentes tipos de famílias no contexto do departamento do Quindío, incluída a família nuclear completa, a famílias de tipo associação, neste caso a convivência com amigos, e também famílias ampliadas completas e incompletas, famílias nucleares incompletas. Nos aspectos da experiência da pessoa com sua doença, constatou-se que há conhecimento por parte do paciente em relação a ela, sentimento de tristeza, que sentiram que apesar do tratamento estabelecido seu processo de saúde permanece o mesmo, alguns têm modificado seus hábitos alimentares embora outros continuam com práticas de estilos de vida não saudáveis e outros procuram terapias complementares ao tratamento e afirmam que nem toda a equipe de saúde oferece acompanhamento. Conclusão: É importante evitar processos de padronização de cuidados de saúde do paciente com DCNT e sua família; ou seja, que no momento de projetar o processo de acompanhamento e os planos de alta devem estar presentes as particularidades das famílias, em geral, e das pessoas, com DCNT, em particular, e incluir aspectos da experiência e forma de vida da pessoa com DCNT e facilitar o uso de terapias complementares para apoiar o tratamento.

Configuraciones familiares de los pacientes con enfermedad crónica no trasmisible ECNT de una institución prestación de servicios de tercer nivel en la ciudad de Armenia Quindío / Family configurations of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases NCDs in a tertiary care institution in the city of Armenia, Quindío / Configurações familiares de pacientes com doenças crónicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) numa instituição de cuidados terciários na cidade de Arménia, Quindío

El propósito fundamental del estudio fue caracterizar la configuración de la familia de los pacientes con ECNT, en términos de composición, valoración de componentes del estilo de vida, estructura y tipología, para reflexionar sobre la importancia de conocer el contexto familiar de la persona con ECNT, en el establecimiento de planes de alta y continuidad del cuidado de los pacientes. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa descriptiva con una muestra de 360 entre 2973 pacientes adultos consultantes de una IPS de tercer nivel de atención, en la ciudad de Armenia. La información fue recolectada a través de encuesta. Los datos fueron llevados a Bases de Datos construidas en Access y procesadas en el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21. Resultados: existe gran heterogeneidad en las familias con relación a la distribución por sexo, edad, estado civil, nivel de escolaridad y ocupación. La estructura de las familias es diversa encontrándose desde la existencia de familias unipersonales hasta las conformadas por más de 17 integrantes; familias sin núcleo, y personas con ECNT que viven solas por situaciones como viudez, separación y solterísmo.

The main purpose of the study was to characterize the configuration of the family of patients with NCD, in terms of composition, assessment of lifestyle components, structure and typology, in order to reflect on the importance of knowing the family context of the person with NCD, in the establishment of discharge plans and continuity of care of patients. A descriptive quantitative research was carried out with a sample of 360 among 2973 adult patients consulting an IPS of third level of care, in the city of Armenia. The information was collected through a survey. The data were entered into databases built in Access and processed in the SPSS version 21 statistical package. Results: there is great heterogeneity in the families in relation to the distribution by sex, age, marital status, level of schooling and occupation. The structure of the families is diverse, ranging from single-person families to families with more than 17 members, families without a nucleus, and people with NCD who live alone due to situations such as widowhood, separation and bachelorhood.

O principal objetivo do estudo foi caraterizar a configuração da família dos doentes com doenças não transmissíveis, em termos de composição, avaliação dos componentes do estilo de vida, estrutura e tipologia, a fim de refletir sobre a importância de conhecer o contexto familiar da pessoa com doenças não transmissíveis, no estabelecimento de planos de alta e na continuidade dos cuidados aos doentes. Foi realizada uma investigação quantitativa descritiva com uma amostra de 360 dos 2973 pacientes adultos que consultaram um IPS de terceiro nível de cuidados, na cidade da Arménia. A informação foi recolhida através de um inquérito. Os dados foram introduzidos em bases de dados construídas em Access e processados no pacote estatístico SPSS versão 21. Resultados: existe uma grande heterogeneidade nas famílias no que respeita à distribuição por sexo, idade, estado civil, nível de escolaridade e profissão. A estrutura das famílias é diversa, variando de famílias unipessoais a famílias com mais de 17 membros, famílias sem núcleo e pessoas com DCNT que vivem sozinhas devido a situações como viuvez, separação e solteirice.

Nivel de conocimientos en pacientes con traumatismo dental / Level of knowledge in patients with dental trauma

Introducción: el traumatismo de los dientes es uno de los accidentes más dramáticos que le suceden a una persona y su frecuencia en la clínica odontológica es cada día mayor, por lo que se requieren conocimientos en la población para su manejo inmediato y adecuado. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos de pacientes con traumatismos dentales. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en la población del Área de Salud Pueblo Nuevo, Policlínico Docente “Carlos Verdugo” en el período comprendido del 2009 al 2014. La población estudiada fueron los pacientes que acudieron a consulta de urgencia, con traumatismos en dientes anteriores (215 pacientes), previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: mayor afectación del sexo masculino (65,1 %), así como mayor frecuencia de traumatismos en dientes permanentes que en dientes temporales. La escuela y el estomatólogo fueron las principales fuentes de información acerca del tema (7 % en ambos casos). El nivel de conocimientos que predominó fue el bajo (83,7 %), la población considera que se puede esperar días, como el criterio de actuación ante un trauma dentario. Conclusiones: predominó el sexo masculino, el traumatismo dental fue más frecuente en edades de 4 hasta 11 años y en dientes permanentes. Las fuentes de información reconocidas fueron el estomatólogo y la escuela. Se apreció un desconocimiento general, sobre todo en el manejo inmediato de esta afección (AU).

Introduction: dental trauma is one of the most dramatic accidents a person can suffer and its frequency in dental clinic is higher and higher; therefore it is required the population knowledge on its immediately and adequate handling. Aim: to determine the knowledge level of patients with dental trauma. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the population of Pueblo Nuevo Health Area, Teaching Policlinic "Carlos Verdugo", in the period from 2009 to 2014. Results: male sex was the most affected one (65.1 %), and the frequency of trauma in permanent teeth was higher than in deciduous ones. School and dentist were the main information sources on the theme (7 % in both cases). The predominant knowledge level was low (83.7 %). Population considers that waiting several days could be the behavioural criteria in the case of dental trauma. Conclusions: male sex was the predominant one; dental trauma was more frequent in 4-11 years age. The recognized information sources were the dentist and school. A general lack of knowledge was appreciated, above all in the immediate handling of the affection (AU).

Caracterización de pacientes diabéticos de tipo 2 con complicaciones vasculares y riesgo de ateroesclerosi / Characterization of diabetic patients type 2 with vascular complications and atherosclerosis risk

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo para caracterizar a 200 pacientes diabéticos de tipo 2, diagnosticados con complicaciones vasculares y riesgo de ateroesclerosis, los cuales fueron ingresados en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde junio del 2010 hasta igual mes del 2011. Entre las complicaciones más frecuentes figuraron: enfermedades cardiovasculares (29,5 %), neuropatía (21,5 %) y retinopatía (19,5 %). Prevalecieron los afectados con 3 complicaciones (40,5 %), los que tenían un tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad de 11-15 años (38,0 %); además de la hiperlipidemia (35,0 %), la hipertensión arterial (32,0 %) y el tabaquismo (26,5 %) como factores de riesgo. Se concluye que con un enfoque multidisciplinario en el tratamiento y control de esta enfermedad se logra mejorar el pronóstico de los afectados.

An observational, descriptive and prospective study was carried out to characterize 200 diabetic patients type 2, diagnosed with vascular complications and atherosclerosis risk, who were admitted in the Internal Medicine Service of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from June, 2010 to the same month of 2011. Among the most frequent complications there were: cardiovascular (29.5%), neuropathy (21.5%) and retinopathy (19.5%). The affected patients with 3 complications prevailed (40.5%), those who had a clinical course of 11-15 years (38.0%); besides the hyperlipidemia (35.0%), hypertension (32.0%) and tabaquism (26.5%) as risk factors. It is concluded that with a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment and control of this disease, it is possible to improve the prognosis of the affected patients.

Manejo nutricional en una paciente con fístula biliocutánea / Nutritional management in a patient with enterocutaneous fistula

Paciente de sexo masculino de 29 años de edad. Ingresa a sala de emergencia el 23 de febrero del 2013 por 3 punciones por arma de fuego (PAF) , la primera a la altura de la tibia izquierda lo que le causa la fractura de este hueso, la segunda y tercera a nivel abdominal; por ello es intervenido para extracción de proyectiles. Producto de la intervención se genera una fistula biliocutanea por lo que es enviado a la sala de cirugía para que se realice los cuidados necesarios hasta cierre de fistula y posterior alta. Sala: Cirugía 4to A. Fecha de nacimiento: 11 de noviembre de 1984. Edad: 29 años. Sexo: Masculino. Fecha de ingreso al hospital: 23/02/2013. Fecha de ingreso a servicio: 25/02/2013. Diagnóstico médico: trauma toraco-abdominal abierto por punción por arma de fuego, fistula biliopleurocutanea derecha y fractura de tibia izquierda.

Male patient, 29 years of age. Patient is admitted to the emergency room on February 23,2013 because of 3 hurts firearm (PAF) , the first at the level of the left tibia which causes the fracture of this bone, the second and third abdominallevel so he is submitted to surgery. A fistula biliocutanea was one of the results of surgery becuase of that patient is sent to the operating room for the necessary care. Room: At the 4th Surgery. Date of Birth: November 11 , 1984. Age: 29 years. Gender: Male. Hospital admission date: 23/02/2013. Serviceentrydate: 25/02/2013. Medical diagnosis: open thoracoabdominal trauma puncture gunshot, biliocutanea fistula right and left tibia fracture.

Manejo nutricional en una paciente con estenosis esofágica y desnutricion severa / Nutritional management in a patient withesophageal stenosis and severe malnutrition

Paciente de sexo femenino, 18 años de edad. Hace 8 meses ingiere soda caustica de modo casual; por esa razón fue lIevada al Hospital Regional de Piura donde se le realizó un esofagograma que evidencio estrechez de esófago: luego, fue derivada al Hospital de Chiclayo donde se le estirnulódilataciones en más de 20 oportunidades en un lapso de 8 meses, sin lograr mejoría. En vista de los resultados, la paciente es derivada al Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, donde le vuelven a realizar dilataciones en el esófago, sin obtener resultados favorables. Finalmente, se decide someterla a terapia de repleción nutricional antes de practicarle una reconstrucción esofágica.

Female patient, 18 years of age. She swallowed caustic soda by chance 8 months ago, which is why she was taken to Piura Regional Hospital where she underwent an esophagogram that revealed narrow esophagus; then she was transferred to the Chiclayo Hospital where more than 20 esophagus dilatations were practiced over a period of eight months, without improvement. In view of the results, the patient is referred to the Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital, where esophagus dilatations were practiced again, without favorable results. Finally, we decided to submit to nutritional repletion therapy before practice an esophageal reconstruction.