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The act of recalling memories can paradoxically lead to the forgetting of other associated memories, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). Inhibitory control mechanisms, primarily mediated by the prefrontal cortex, are thought to contribute to RIF. In this study, we examined whether stimulating the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with transcranial direct current stimulation modulates RIF and investigated the associated electrophysiological correlates. In a randomized study, fifty participants (27 males and 23 females) received either real or sham stimulation before performing retrieval practice on target memories. After retrieval practice, a final memory test to assess RIF was administered. We found that stimulation selectively increased the retrieval accuracy of competing memories, thereby decreasing RIF, while the retrieval accuracy of target memories remained unchanged. The reduction in RIF was associated with a more pronounced beta desynchronization within the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (left-DLPFC), in an early time window (<500 msec) after cue onset during retrieval practice. This led to a stronger beta desynchronization within the parietal cortex in a later time window, an established marker for successful memory retrieval. Together, our results establish the causal involvement of the mPFC in actively suppressing competing memories and demonstrate that while forgetting arises as a consequence of retrieving specific memories, these two processes are functionally independent. Our findings suggest that stimulation potentially disrupted inhibitory control processes, as evidenced by reduced RIF and stronger beta desynchronization in fronto-parietal brain regions during memory retrieval, although further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying this effect.Significance statement Retrieval can induce forgetting of competing memories, a phenomenon known as Retrieval Induced Forgetting (RIF). Inhibitory control mechanisms, primarily mediated by the frontal cortex, are thought to contribute to RIF. In this study, we modulated a key region (medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)) involved in this process using brain stimulation to investigate its influence on RIF and its electrophysiological correlates. Stimulation of mPFC lead to an increased retrieval of non-target memories and reduced RIF. The reduction in RIF was accompanied by stronger beta desynchronization in the frontoparietal brain regions, with beta desynchronization in the left-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predicting the extent of reduction in RIF.
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How do people limit awareness of unwanted memories? When such memories intrude, a control process engages the right DLPFC (rDLPFC) to inhibit hippocampal activity and stop retrieval. It remains unknown how the need for control is detected, and whether control operates proactively to prevent unwelcome memories from being retrieved, or responds reactively, to counteract intrusions. We hypothesized that dorsal ACC (dACC) detects the emergence of an unwanted trace in awareness and transmits the need for inhibitory control to rDLPFC. During a memory suppression task, we measured in humans (both sexes) trial-by-trial variations in the theta power and N2 amplitude of dACC, two EEG markers that are thought to reflect the need for control. With simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings, we tracked interactions among dACC, rDLPFC, and hippocampus during suppression. We found a clear role of dACC in detecting the need for memory control and upregulating prefrontal inhibition. Importantly, we identified distinct early (300-450 ms) and late (500-700 ms) dACC contributions, suggesting both proactive control before recollection and reactive control in response to intrusions. Stronger early activity was associated with reduced hippocampal activity and diminished BOLD signal in dACC and rDLPFC, suggesting that preempting retrieval reduced overall control demands. In the later window, dACC activity was larger, and effective connectivity analyses revealed robust communication from dACC to rDLPFC and from rDLPFC to hippocampus, which are tied to successful forgetting. Together, our findings support a model in which dACC detects the emergence of unwanted content, triggering top-down inhibitory control, and in which rDLPFC countermands intruding thoughts that penetrate awareness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Preventing unwanted memories from coming to mind is an adaptive ability of humans. This ability relies on inhibitory control processes in the prefrontal cortex to modulate hippocampal retrieval processes. How and when reminders to unwelcome memories come to trigger prefrontal control mechanisms remains unknown. Here we acquired neuroimaging data with both high spatial and temporal resolution as participants suppressed specific memories. We found that the anterior cingulate cortex detects the need for memory control, responding both proactively to early warning signals about unwelcome content and reactively to intrusive thoughts themselves. When unwanted traces emerge in awareness, anterior cingulate communicates with prefrontal cortex and triggers top-down inhibitory control over the hippocampus through specific neural oscillatory networks.
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Giro do Cíngulo , Rememoração Mental , Feminino , Giro do Cíngulo/fisiologia , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Humanos , Inibição Psicológica , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologiaRESUMO
Most studies, aimed at determining the incidence and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in children and teenagers, have been developed in school settings. Our study conducted surveillance and inferred attack rates focusing on the practice of sports. Prospective and observational study of those attending the sports facilities of Fútbol Club Barcelona (FCB), in Barcelona, Spain, throughout the 2020-2021 season. Participants were young players (from five different sports) and adult workers, who belonged to stable teams (shared routines and were involved in same quarantine rules). Biweekly health questionnaires and SARS-CoV-2 screening were conducted. From the 234 participants included, 70 (30%) both lived and trained in the FCB facilities (Recruitment Pathway 1;RP1) and 164 (70%) lived at their own household and just came to the facilities to train (RP2). During the study, 38 positive cases were identified; none had severe symptoms or needed hospitalization. The overall weekly incidence in the cohorts did not differ compared to the one expected in the community, except for 2 weeks when an outbreak occurred. The attack rate (AR) was three times higher for the participants from RP1, in comparison to those from RP2 (p < 0.01). A Basketball team showed a significant higher AR. Conclusion: Physical activities in stable teams are not related to an increased risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, since there were the same observed cases than expected in the community. The risk is higher in indoor sports (Basketball vs. Football), and in closed cohort living settings (RP1 vs. RP2). The fulfilment of preventive measures is essential. What is Known: ⢠Despite the low numerical impact caused in paediatric hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic, the social impact has been maximum. ⢠The transmission potential in children and teenagers is limited, and it had been widely demonstrated in school settings. What is New: ⢠Group physical activities in children and teenagers are not also related to an increased risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, when preventive measures, such as washing hands, and screening protocols are applied. ⢠Routine and semi-professional sports activities seem safe environments to promote during this pandemic.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Criança , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , QuarentenaRESUMO
The hippocampus, a hub of activity for a variety of important cognitive processes, is a target of increasing interest for researchers and clinicians. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an attractive technique for imaging spectro-temporal aspects of function, for example, neural oscillations and network timing, especially in shallow cortical structures. However, the decrease in MEG signal-to-noise ratio as a function of source depth implies that the utility of MEG for investigations of deeper brain structures, including the hippocampus, is less clear. To determine whether MEG can be used to detect and localize activity from the hippocampus, we executed a systematic review of the existing literature and found successful detection of oscillatory neural activity originating in the hippocampus with MEG. Prerequisites are the use of established experimental paradigms, adequate coregistration, forward modeling, analysis methods, optimization of signal-to-noise ratios, and protocol trial designs that maximize contrast for hippocampal activity while minimizing those from other brain regions. While localizing activity to specific sub-structures within the hippocampus has not been achieved, we provide recommendations for improving the reliability of such endeavors.
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Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Magnetoencefalografia/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether therapeutic mechanisms assumed to explain the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) concerning temporomandibular symptoms are confirmed by structural equation modelling. METHOD: Patients were randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving CBT (N = 41) or a standard therapy control group (N = 31). Subjects were assessed before and after intervention using mediator variables hypothesized according to the CBT model, as well as outcome variables and other socio-demographic and clinical measures. RESULTS: The results confirm that the effect of treatment on pain intensity was partially mediated by distress, catastrophizing, perceived control, distraction, and mental self-control. The self-medication frequency was partially mediated by distraction. Pain interference was partially mediated by distress, distraction, and mental self-control. Reduction in the number of painful points on palpation was partially explained by distress, although in this case, there was a significant direct effect of treatment not mediated by other variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results could set the principles for the development of more efficient and effective cognitive behavioural interventions for chronic pain.
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Dor Crônica/etiologia , Dor Crônica/terapia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/complicações , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Dor Crônica/psicologia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Human hippocampal theta oscillations play a key role in accurate spatial coding. Associative encoding involves similar hippocampal networks but, paradoxically, is also characterized by theta power decreases. Here, we investigated how theta activity relates to associative encoding of place contexts resulting in accurate navigation. Using MEG, we found that slow-theta (2-5Hz) power negatively correlated with subsequent spatial accuracy for virtual contextual locations in posterior hippocampus and other cortical structures involved in spatial cognition. A rare opportunity to simultaneously record MEG and intracranial EEG in an epilepsy patient provided crucial insights: during power decreases, slow-theta in right anterior hippocampus and left inferior frontal gyrus phase-led the left temporal cortex and predicted spatial accuracy. Our findings indicate that decreased slow-theta activity reflects local and long-range neural mechanisms that encode accurate spatial contexts, and strengthens the view that local suppression of low-frequency activity is essential for more efficient processing of detailed information.
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Eletrocorticografia/métodos , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Magnetoencefalografia/métodos , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Navegação Espacial/fisiologia , Lobo Temporal/fisiologia , Ritmo Teta/fisiologia , Adulto , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the most frequent malformation of the inner ear associated with sensorineural hearing loss (5-15%). It exists when the diameter in imaging tests is greater than 1.5â¯mm at its midpoint. The association between hearing loss and EVA has been described in a syndromic and non-syndromic manner. It can appear as a familial or isolated form and the audiological profile is highly variable. The gene responsible for sensorineural hearing loss associated with EVA is located in the same region described for Pendred syndrome, where the SCL26A4 gene is located. OBJECTIVE: To describe a series of children diagnosed with EVA in order to study their clinical and audiological characteristics, as well as the associated genetic and vestibular alterations. METHOD: Retrospective study of data collection of children diagnosed with EVA, from April 2014 to February 2023. RESULTS: Of the 17 cases, 12 were male and 5 were female. 5 of them were unilateral and 12 bilateral. In 5 cases, a cranial traumatism triggered the hearing loss. Genetic alterations were detected in 3 cases: 2 mutations in the SCL26A4 gene and 1 mutation in the MCT1 gene. 13 patients (76.5%) were rehabilitated with hearing aids and 9 of them required cochlear implantation. DISCUSSION: The clinical importance of AVD lies in the fact that it is a frequent finding in the context of postneonatal hearing loss. It is convenient to have a high suspicion to diagnose it with imaging tests, to monitor its evolution, and to rehabilitate early.
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Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial , Aqueduto Vestibular , Humanos , Aqueduto Vestibular/anormalidades , Aqueduto Vestibular/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/etiologia , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Transportadores de Sulfato/genética , Surdez/genética , Surdez/etiologia , Adolescente , MutaçãoRESUMO
Drugs do not disappear once they have been excreted. In fact, 992 active principles have already been measured in the different environmental matrices. A recent study led by scientists from the University of York has studied the presence of drugs in the rivers of more than 100 different countries, showing that environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals is a global issue and that, concentrations found are frequently harmful to the environment. In this work, we have tried to briefly expose the problem of environmental contamination with medicines, but above all, we have tried to address the possible solutions, with a perspective from the field of hospital pharmacy. This is a very complex matter (a wicked problem), since it involves multiple stakeholders with different visions and interests regarding medicines. In order to find solutions, we will probably need to act at all steps of the drug's life cycle. Until now, health professionals have been part of the problem. It is time for us to be part of the solution.
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Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar , Humanos , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
Drugs do not disappear once they have been excreted. In fact, 992 active principles have already been measured in the different environmental matrices. A recent study led by scientists from the University of York has studied the presence of drugs in the rivers of more than 100 different countries, showing that environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals is a global issue and that, concentrations found are frequently harmful to the environment. In this work, we have tried to briefly expose the problem of environmental contamination with medicines, but above all, we have tried to address the possible solutions, with a perspective from the field of hospital pharmacy. This is a very complex matter (a wicked problem), since it involves multiple stakeholders with different visions and interests regarding medicines. In order to find solutions, we will probably need to act at all steps of the drug's life cycle. Until now, health professionals have been part of the problem. It is time for us to be part of the solution.
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Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar , Humanos , Preparações FarmacêuticasRESUMO
Different cortical dynamics of alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz) have been associated with increased working memory load, which have been mostly interpreted as a neural correlate of functional inhibition. This study aims at determining whether different manifestations of load-dependent amplitude and phase dynamics in the alpha band can coexist over different cortical regions. To address this question, we increased information load by manipulating the number and spatial configuration of domino spots. Time-frequency analysis of EEG source activity revealed (i) load-independent increases of both alpha power and interregional alpha-phase synchrony within task-irrelevant, posterior cortical regions and (ii) load-dependent decreases of alpha power over areas of the left pFC and bilateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC) preceded in time by load-dependent decreases of alpha-phase synchrony between the left pFC and the left PPC. The former results support the role of alpha oscillations in inhibiting irrelevant sensorimotor processing, whereas the latter likely reflect release of parietal task-relevant areas from top-down inhibition with load increase. This interpretation found further support in a significant latency shift of 15 msec from pFC to the PPC. Together, these results suggest that amplitude and phase alpha dynamics in both local and long-range cortical networks reflect different neural mechanisms of top-down control that might be crucial in mediating the different working memory processes.
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Ritmo alfa/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Sincronização Cortical/fisiologia , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Memória/fisiologia , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Estimulação Luminosa , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the percentage of children with permanent bilateral postnatal hearing loss in order to study its incidence, related risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Retrospective study to collect data on children diagnosed with hearing loss outside the neonatal period in the Hearing Loss Unit of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, from April 2014 to April 2021. RESULTS: 52 cases met the inclusion criteria. The detection rate of congenital hearing loss in the neonatal screening programme in the same study period was 1.5 children per thousand newborns per year, adding postnatal hearing loss results in a rate of infant bilateral hearing loss of 2.7 children per thousand (55.5% and 44.4% respectively). Thirty-five children presented risk factors for hearing loss, of which 23 were at retrocochlear risk. The mean age at referral was 91.9 (18-185) months. Hearing aid fitting was indicated in 44 cases (84.6%). Cochlear implantation was indicated in eight cases (15.4%). DISCUSSION: Although congenital hearing loss accounts for the majority of childhood deafness, postnatal hearing loss has a significant incidence. This may be mainly due to: (1) that hearing impairment may arise in the first years of life, (2) that mild hearing loss as well as hearing loss in severe frequencies are undetectable by neonatal screening in some cases, (3) that some children may have false negative results. CONCLUSION: postnatal hearing loss requires identification of risk factors and long-term follow-up of children with hearing loss, as it needs to be detected and treated early.
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Surdez , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial , Perda Auditiva , Lactente , Criança , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Bilateral/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Bilateral/epidemiologia , Perda Auditiva Bilateral/etiologia , AudiçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Despite the decrease of hepatitis C in Spanish prisons in the last years, it still remains a reservoir for infection. The aim of this work is to analyze the characteristics of these patients and the response to antiviral treatment over the last 18 years. METHODS: Retrospective observational study in inmates of Araba penitentiary center diagnosed with HCV infection between 2002 and 2020. A descriptive analysis of patient characteristics and the response to the three antiviral treatment modalities was performed: peg-interferon and ribavirin, peg-interferon, ribavirin and a first-generation protease inhibitor and different combinations of direct-acting antivirals. RESULTS: A total of 248 antiviral treatments were prescribed. Treatment response rate up to 2015 was 65% and 93,7% after that year. Interferon non-responders were the main cause of non-response to treatment in periods 1 and 2 (40%-50%). Conversely, in period 3 viral breakthrough (67%) was the main culprit. CONCLUSION: After 18 years, active hepatitis C infection in prison inmates has resolved with treatment according to clinical criteria. Therefore, the stay in prison may represent an opportunity to reduce the reservoir of the disease in the community, together with continued health care for those released from prison.
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HopPmaL is a member of the HopAB family of type III effectors present in the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Using both X-ray crystallography and solution nuclear magnetic resonance, we demonstrate that HopPmaL contains two structurally homologous yet functionally distinct domains. The N-terminal domain corresponds to the previously described Pto-binding domain, while the previously uncharacterised C-terminal domain spans residues 308-385. While structurally similar, these domains do not share significant sequence similarity and most importantly demonstrate significant differences in key residues involved in host protein recognition, suggesting that each of them targets a different host protein.
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Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Pseudomonas syringae/química , Pseudomonas syringae/patogenicidade , Proteínas de Bactérias/fisiologia , Sequência Conservada , Cristalografia por Raios X , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Família Multigênica , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/fisiologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Ligação Proteica , Dobramento de Proteína , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/química , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
Growing evidence suggests that age-related deficits in associative memory are alleviated when the to-be-associated items are semantically related. Here we investigate whether this beneficial effect of semantic relatedness is paralleled by spatio-temporal changes in cortical EEG dynamics during incidental encoding. Young and older adults were presented with faces at a particular spatial location preceded by a biographical cue that was either semantically related or unrelated. As expected, automatic encoding of face-location associations benefited from semantic relatedness in the two groups of age. This effect correlated with increased power of theta oscillations over medial and anterior lateral regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and lateral regions of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in both groups. But better-performing elders also showed increased brain-behavior correlation in the theta band over the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) as compared to young adults. Semantic relatedness was, however, insufficient to fully eliminate age-related differences in associative memory. In line with this finding, poorer-performing elders relative to young adults showed significant reductions of theta power in the left IFG that were further predictive of behavioral impairment in the recognition task. All together, these results suggest that older adults benefit less than young adults from executive processes during encoding mainly due to neural inefficiency over regions of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). But this associative deficit may be partially compensated for by engaging preexistent semantic knowledge, which likely leads to an efficient recruitment of attentional and integration processes supported by the left PPC and left anterior PFC respectively, together with neural compensatory mechanisms governed by the right VLPFC.
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Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Memória/fisiologia , Semântica , Idoso , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estimulação Luminosa , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Ritmo Teta , Adulto JovemRESUMO
CV_2116 is a small hypothetical protein of 82 amino acids from the Gram-negative coccobacillus Chromobacterium violaceum. A PSI-BLAST search using the CV_2116 sequence as a query identified only one hit (E = 2e(-07)) corresponding to a hypothetical protein OR16_04617 from Cupriavidus basilensis OR16, which failed to provide insight into the function of CV_2116. The CV_2116 gene was cloned into the p15TvLic expression plasmid, transformed into E. coli, and (13)C- and (15)N-labeled NMR samples of CV_2116 were overexpressed in E. coli and purified for structure determination using NMR spectroscopy. The resulting high-quality solution NMR structure of CV_2116 revealed a novel α + ß fold containing two anti-parallel ß-sheets in the N-terminal two-thirds of the protein and one α-helix in the C-terminal third of the protein. CV_2116 does not belong to any known protein sequence family and a Dali search indicated that no similar structures exist in the protein data bank. Although no function of CV_2116 could be derived from either sequence or structural similarity searches, the neighboring genes of CV_2116 encode various proteins annotated as similar to bacteriophage tail assembly proteins. Interestingly, C. violaceum exhibits an extensive network of bacteriophage tail-like structures that likely result from lateral gene transfer by incorporation of viral DNA into its genome (prophages) due to bacteriophage infection. Indeed, C. violaceum has been shown to contain four prophage elements and CV_2116 resides in the fourth of these elements. Analysis of the putative operon in which CV_2116 resides indicates that CV_2116 might be a component of the bacteriophage tail-like assembly that occurs in C. violaceum.
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Chromobacterium , Prófagos/química , Proteínas Virais/química , Chromobacterium/química , Chromobacterium/virologia , Bases de Dados de Proteínas , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Estrutura Terciária de ProteínaRESUMO
Growing evidence suggests that theta oscillations play a crucial role in episodic encoding. The present study evaluates whether changes in electroencephalographic theta source dynamics mediate the positive influence of semantic congruence on incidental associative learning. Here we show that memory for episodic associations (face-location) is more accurate when studied under semantically congruent contexts. However, only participants showing RT priming effect in a conceptual priming test (priming group) also gave faster responses when recollecting source information of semantically congruent faces as compared with semantically incongruent faces. This improved episodic retrieval was positively correlated with increases in theta power during the study phase mainly in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and left lateral posterior parietal lobe. Reconstructed signals from the estimated sources showed higher theta power for congruent than incongruent faces and also for the priming than the nonpriming group. These results are in agreement with the attention to memory model. Besides directing top-down attention to goal-relevant semantic information during encoding, the dorsal parietal lobe may also be involved in redirecting attention to bottom-up-driven memories thanks to connections between the medial-temporal and the left ventral parietal lobe. The latter function can either facilitate or interfere with encoding of face-location associations depending on whether they are preceded by semantically congruent or incongruent contexts, respectively, because only in the former condition retrieved representations related to the cue and the face are both coherent with the person identity and are both associated with the same location.
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Aprendizagem por Associação/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Memória/fisiologia , Semântica , Ritmo Teta/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Formação de Conceito/fisiologia , Discriminação Psicológica/fisiologia , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Feminino , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Análise de Regressão , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Engagement and co-production in healthcare research and innovation are crucial for delivering person-centred interventions in underserved communities, but the knowledge of effective strategies to target this population is still vague, limiting the provision of person-centred care. Our research aimed to identify essential knowledge to foster engagement and co-production. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A meta-synthesis research design was used to compile existing qualitative research papers on health communication, engagement, and empowerment in vulnerable groups in high-income countries (HICs) from 2008 to 2018. A total of 23 papers were selected and analysed. RESULTS: 'Design and recruitment' and 'engagement and co-production' thematic areas are presented considering the factors related to researcher-communities attunement and the strategical plans for conducting research. The insights are discussed in light of the literature. Long-term alliances, sustainable structures, and strengthened bonds are critical factors for producing real long-term change, empowering persons and communities, and paving the way to person-centred care. CONCLUSIONS: The enhancement of the recruitment, involvement, and empowerment of traditionally disengaged communities and individuals depends on the awareness and analysis of social determinants, power differentials and specific tactics, and the capacity of researchers and individuals to apply all these principles in real-world practice.
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Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Autocuidado , Humanos , Assistência Centrada no Paciente , Pesquisa Qualitativa , PesquisadoresAssuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Ilusões Ópticas/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Coaching is an adult learning method which is supported by psychological, pedagogical, philosophical bases as well as managerial aspects. Powerful questions and action plans are its essential tools. By means of a narration, the authors want to transmit the basic principles of Coaching plus its applications and benefits.