Hypothyroidism induced by postnatal PTU (6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil) treatment decreases Sertoli cell number and spermatogenic efficiency in sexually mature pigs.

Studies with 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in laboratory rodents have shown that transient neonatal hypothyroidism leads to increased Sertoli cell (SC) number, testis size and sperm production. However, scarce and inconclusive data are available for farm animals. In the present study, Piau pigs received PTU in a gel capsule containing 8 mg/kg of body weight for 14 weeks starting from the first week of age, whereas control animals received only the vehicle. Blood samples were collected during the experimental period for hormonal evaluation in the serum. The animals were orchiectomized at adulthood and had their testes used for histomorphometric analysis. Indicating that the PTU concentration used was effective in promoting hypothyroidism, PTU-treated pigs showed a 30% lower body weight and reduced thyroxine levels (p < 0.05) during the treatment period. At adulthood, the body weight was similar in both groups but, surprisingly, PTU-treated pigs showed 30% lower testis weight (p < 0.05). In general, treated pigs presented increased follicle-stimulating hormone levels, whereas testosterone levels tended to be lower from 9 to 23 weeks of age. No significant differences were observed for estradiol, Leydig cell volume and number, tubular diameter, SC number per gram of testis, SC efficiency and meiotic index. However, seminiferous tubule occupancy, total tubular length, SC number per testis, and daily sperm production per testis and per gram of testis (DSP/g/T) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in PTU-treated pigs. Therefore, in contrast to laboratory rodents, our results showed that SC proliferation and DSP/g/T (spermatogenic efficiency) in Piau pigs is diminished by postnatal PTU treatment.

Antimicrobial Use in Pig Farms in the Midwestern Region of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The use of antimicrobials in swine production is an issue that concerns the whole world due to their impact on animal and public health. This study aimed to verify the antimicrobial use in 29 commercial full-cycle farms in the midwestern region of the state of Minas Gerais, since this region is a hub of intensive pig farming in Brazil, as well as the possible correlations between the use of antimicrobials, biosecurity, and productivity. A total of 28 different drugs used for preventive purposes were described. On average, the herds used seven drugs, exposing the piglets for 116 days and totaling 434.17 mg of antimicrobials per kilogram of pig produced. Just eight active ingredients made up 77.5% of the total number of drugs used on the studied herds. Significant differences were found between the variables, biosecurity score and number of sows, antimicrobial amount and number of drugs, number of drugs and number of sows, and between productivity and biosecurity scores. The use of antimicrobials was considered excessive in the swine farms in the state of Minas Gerais compared to what was reported in Brazil and in other countries. Educational measures and better control should be proposed to reduce the preventive use of antimicrobials.

Perceptions about exposure to pesticides among rural school students: identified controversies.

OBJECTIVES: to identify, according to students' perception, controversies related to the term "pesticide" and its influence on health. METHODS: field research, with qualitative analysis via discursive textual analysis. Collective interviews were carried out with students of ninth grade of elementary school from four rural schools in the western region of Paraná. RESULTS: when analyzing students' statements, it was identified that pesticides are part of their reality and that of the local community Controversies related to pesticides and health arose, with emphasis on the form of production and the understanding of the real harm generated by exposure and use of pesticides. CONCLUSIONS: approaching pesticides in the context of education and health is essential so that there is a strengthening of discussions, in a critical and contextualized way, in school spaces, expanding the look at the topic as a way of enriching understandings and discourses on the subject.

[An area within the hospital to talk about pain]. / Un espace au coeur de l'hôpital pour parler de la douleur.

2011, at the request of the French department of health, was devoted to patients and their rights. Various initiatives have been implemented in healthcare institutions to promote the place of users in our healthcare system. In Clermont-Ferrand, a new "pain health information area" has just been created.

COVID-19 among slaughterhouse workers: relationship between worker's health and food safety.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the entire society, as well as different work processes. The food industry remained operational since the first cases were reported in Brazil, and activities were only interrupted by municipal health surveillance agencies when COVID-19 cases were identified among workers. This has raised the debate about worker's health and sanitary measures in the work environment. Objectives: To analyze the number of COVID-19 cases between March and September of 2020 among slaughterhouse workers in the state of Paraná and its correlation with food security policies. Methods: This was a quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive study that analyzed secondary data from the Health Department of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Results: A significant number of COVID-19 cases were reported among slaughterhouse workers in Paraná. The importance of workers' health and food security should be discussed, including aspects such as food production, quality, and access. The workers included in this study represent an important workforce that influences food supply to different regions and countries. Considering that the virus is highly contagious and has impacted the lives of local workers and entire communities, the role of the government and collective actions should be emphasized. Conclusions: The monitoring of health surveillance agencies and new cases should be conducted as a strategy to promote prevention and care during the pandemic.

Performance, Fantasy, or Narrative: LGBTQ+ Asian American Identity Through Kpop Media and Fandom.

LGBTQ+ Asian Americans experience intersecting forms of oppression, and due to the limited research on this underserved population, it is important to understand their lived experiences and the factors that enhance and endanger their health. The absence of positive representations of LGBTQ+ Asian Americans in the media upholds stereotypes and feelings of invisibility that have harmful effects. Studying LGBTQ+ Asian Americans using Kpop media offers a new and timely way to understand these identities and outcomes of well-being. This study qualitatively explored how 16 college-aged LGBTQ+ Asian Americans identify with Kpop and reconstruct representations to protect themselves from negative influences surrounding their identities. Using grounded theory methodology, this study found that Kpop functions as a source of representation and social connection that supports LGBTQ+ Asian Americans. Findings also illustrate how LGBTQ+ Asian Americans engage in Kpop fan labor to create narratives that can mitigate the harmful effects of marginalization.

HOXB7 Overexpression Leads Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to a Less Aggressive Phenotype.

HOX genes appear to play a role in breast cancer progression in a molecular subtype-dependent way. The altered expression of HOXB7, for example, was reported to promote breast cancer progression in specific subtypes. Here we induced HOXB7 overexpression in MDA-MB-231 cells, a cellular model of the Triple-Negative breast cancer molecular subtype, and evaluated the phenotypic changes in cell viability, morphogenesis, migration, invasion, and colony formation. During the phenotypic characterization of the HOXB7-overexpressing cells, we consistently found less aggressive behavior represented by lower cell viability, inhibition of cell migration, invasion, and attachment-independent colony formation capacities added to the more compact and organized spheroid growth in 3D cultures. We then evaluated the expression of putative downstream targets and their direct binding to HOXB7 comparing ChIP-qPCR data generated from HOXB7-overexpressing cells and controls. In the manipulated cells, we found enriched biding of HOXB7 to CTNNB1, EGFR, FGF2, CDH1, DNMT3B, TGFB2, and COMMD7. Taken together, these results highlight the plasticity of the HOXB7 function in breast cancer, according to the cellular genetic background and expression levels, and provide evidence that in Triple-Negative breast cancer cells, HOXB7 overexpression has the potential to promote less aggressive phenotypes.

Methylation in HOX Clusters and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy.

HOX genes are commonly known for their role in embryonic development, defining the positional identity of most structures along the anterior-posterior axis. In postembryonic life, HOX gene aberrant expression can affect several processes involved in tumorigenesis such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Epigenetic modifications are implicated in gene expression deregulation, and it is accepted that methylation events affecting HOX gene expression play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. In fact, specific methylation profiles in the HOX gene sequence or in HOX-associated histones are recognized as potential biomarkers in several cancers, helping in the prediction of disease outcomes and adding information for decisions regarding the patient's treatment. The methylation of some HOX genes can be associated with chemotherapy resistance, and its identification may suggest the use of other treatment options. The use of epigenetic drugs affecting generalized or specific DNA methylation profiles, an approach that now deserves much attention, seems likely to be a promising weapon in cancer therapy in the near future. In this review, we summarize these topics, focusing particularly on how the regulation of epigenetic processes may be used in cancer therapy.

Dataset of HOXB7, HOXB8 and HOXB9 expression profiles in cell lines representative of the breast cancer molecular subtypes Luminal a (MCF7), Luminal b (BT474), HER2+ (SKBR3) and triple-negative (MDA231, MDA468), compared to a model of normal cells (MCF10A).

Alterations in HOXB genes expression in breast cancer have been described and related to therapy response and disease progression. However, due to breast cancer complexity and heterogeneity, added to the use of different technical approaches, the observed expression profiles are sometimes contradictory. Here, we provided the analyses of HOXB7, HOXB8 and HOXB9 expression profiles in cell lines extensively used in the literature addressing the putative role of HOXB genes in breast cancer (MCF7, BT474, SKBR3, MDA231 and MDA468) and representative of the clinical breast cancer molecular subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+ and Triple-negatives Claudin-low/Basal), compared to a normal breast model (MCF10A), using quantitative-PCR (qPCR). This technique allows a very sensitive quantification of gene expression and was performed using the fluorophore SYBR Green in order to obtain the expression levels relative to a reference gene, GAPDH in this case. We showed that HOXB7 is upregulated in all breast cancer cells analyzed, while HOXB8 and HOXB9 are significantly upregulated in MCF7 (Luminal A), BT474 (Luminal B) and MDA231 cells (Triple-negative Claudin-low). In addition, we found that the magnitude of the upregulation is highly subtype-specific, being the HER2+ cells the model with lowest HOXB7 upregulation, presenting very low or even null expression for HOXB8 and HOXB9, respectively. These results are analyzed in more detail in "HOX genes function in Breast Cancer development" [1] and are potentially relevant for a better understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of breast cancer, in addition to be a valuable tool assisting researchers in the choice of the most suitable cell models to perform functional assays concerning HOXB7, HOXB8 and HOXB9 genes.

HOX genes function in Breast Cancer development.

Breast cancer develops in the mammary glands during mammalian adulthood and is considered the second most common type of human carcinoma and the most incident and mortal in the female population. In contrast to other human structures, the female mammary glands continue to develop after birth, undergoing various modifications during pregnancy, lactation and involution under the regulation of hormones and transcription factors, including those encoded by the HOX clusters (A, B, C, and D). Interestingly, HOX gene deregulation is often associated to breast cancer development. Within the HOXB cluster, 8 out of the 10 genes present altered expression levels in breast cancer with an impact in its aggressiveness and resistance to hormone therapy, which highlights the importance of HOXB genes as potential therapeutic targets used to overcome the limitations of tamoxifen-resistant cancer treatments. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the role of HOX genes in breast cancer, specially focus on HOXB, discussing the causes and consequences of HOXB gene deregulation and their relevance as prognostic factors and therapeutic targets.

Roles of the HOX Proteins in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis.

Invasion and metastasis correspond to the foremost cause of cancer-related death, and the molecular networks behind these two processes are extremely complex and dependent on the intra- and extracellular conditions along with the prime of the premetastatic niche. Currently, several studies suggest an association between the levels of HOX genes expression and cancer cell invasion and metastasis, which favour the formation of novel tumour masses. The deregulation of HOX genes by HMGA2/TET1 signalling and the regulatory effect of noncoding RNAs generated by the HOX loci can also promote invasion and metastasis, interfering with the expression of HOX genes or other genes relevant to these processes. In this review, we present five molecular mechanisms of HOX deregulation by which the HOX clusters products may affect invasion and metastatic processes in solid tumours.

Perceptions about exposure to pesticides among rural school students: identified controversies / Percepciones sobre la exposición a plaguicidas entre estudiantes de escuelas rurales: controversias identificadas / Percepções sobre a exposição aos agrotóxicos entre estudantes de escolas do campo: controvérsias identificadas

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify, according to students' perception, controversies related to the term "pesticide" and its influence on health. Methods: field research, with qualitative analysis via discursive textual analysis. Collective interviews were carried out with students of ninth grade of elementary school from four rural schools in the western region of Paraná. Results: when analyzing students' statements, it was identified that pesticides are part of their reality and that of the local community Controversies related to pesticides and health arose, with emphasis on the form of production and the understanding of the real harm generated by exposure and use of pesticides. Conclusions: approaching pesticides in the context of education and health is essential so that there is a strengthening of discussions, in a critical and contextualized way, in school spaces, expanding the look at the topic as a way of enriching understandings and discourses on the subject.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar, en la percepción de los estudiantes, Ias controversias relacionadas con el término "pesticida" y su influencia en la salud. Métodos: investigación de campo, con análisis cualitativo a través del análisis textual discursivo. Se realizaron entrevistas colectivas con alumnos del noveno año de Ia enseñanza fundamental de cuatro escuelas rurales de la región occidental de Paraná. Resultados: al analizar las declaraciones de los estudiantes, se identificó que los plaguicidas son parte de su realidad y de la comunidad local. Surgieron controversias relacionadas con los plaguicidas y la salud, con énfasis en la forma de producción y la comprensión del daño real generado por Ia exposición y uso de plaguicidas. Conclusiones: abordar los plaguicidas en el contexto de Ia educación y la salud es fundamental para que haya un fortalecimiento de las discusiones, de forma crítica y contextualizada, en los espacios escolares, ampliando Ia mirada sobre ei tema como forma de enriquecer comprensiones y discursos sobre el tema.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar, na percepção de estudantes, as controvérsias relacionadas ao termo "agrotóxico" e sua influência na saúde. Métodos: pesquisa de campo, com análise qualitativa via análise textual discursiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas coletivas com alunos do nono ano do ensino fundamental de quatro escolas do campo da região Oeste do Paraná. Resultados: ao analisar as falas dos estudantes, identificou-se que os agrotóxicos fazem parte da realidade deles e da comunidade local. Surgiram controvérsias relacionadas aos agrotóxicos e saúde, com destaque para a forma de produção e a compreensão dos reais malefícios gerados pela exposição e uso dos agrotóxicos. Conclusões: abordar os agrotóxicos no contexto da educação e saúde é essencial para que haja um fortalecimento das discussões, de forma crítica e contextualizada, nos espaços escolares, ampliando o olhar para a temática como forma de enriquecer as compreensões e os discursos sobre o tema.

PHLDA1 (pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1) knockdown promotes migration and invasion of MCF10A breast epithelial cells.

PHLDA1 (pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1) is a multifunctional protein that plays distinct roles in several biological processes including cell death and therefore its altered expression has been identified in different types of cancer. Progressively loss of PHLDA1 was found in primary and metastatic melanoma while its overexpression was reported in intestinal and pancreatic tumors. Previous work from our group showed that negative expression of PHLDA1 protein was a strong predictor of poor prognosis for breast cancer disease. However, the function of PHLDA1 in mammary epithelial cells and the tumorigenic process of the breast is unclear. To dissect PHLDA1 role in human breast epithelial cells, we generated a clone of MCF10A cells with stable knockdown of PHLDA1 and performed functional studies. To achieve reduced PHLDA1 expression we used shRNA plasmid transfection and then changes in cell morphology and biological behavior were assessed. We found that PHLDA1 downregulation induced marked morphological alterations in MCF10A cells, such as changes in cell-to-cell adhesion pattern and cytoskeleton reorganization. Regarding cell behavior, MCF10A cells with reduced expression of PHLDA1 showed higher proliferative rate and migration ability in comparison with control cells. We also found that MCF10A cells with PHLDA1 knockdown acquired invasive properties, as evaluated by transwell Matrigel invasion assay and showed enhanced colony-forming ability and irregular growth in low attachment condition. Altogether, our results indicate that PHLDA1 downregulation in MCF10A cells leads to morphological changes and a more aggressive behavior.

Immunomodulation by maternal autoantibodies of the fetal serotoninergic 5-HT4 receptor and its consequences in early BALB/c mouse embryonic development.

BACKGROUND: The presence of functional 5-HT4 receptors in human and its involvement in neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) have prompted us to study the receptor expression and role during embryogenesis. Earlier we managed to demonstrate that female BALB/c mice immunized against the second extracellular loop (SEL) of the 5-HT4 receptor gave birth to pups with heart block. To explain this phenomenon we investigated the expression of 5-HT4 receptors during mouse embryogenesis. At the same time we looked whether the consequence of 5-HT4 receptor immunomodulation observed earlier is in relation to receptor expression. We studied the expression of 5-HT4 receptor at the mRNA level and its two isoforms 5-HT4(a) and 5-HT4(d) at the protein level in embryos from BALB/c mice, at 8th, 12th, 18th gestation days (GD) and 1 day post natal (DPN). Simultaneously the receptor activity was inhibited by rising antibodies, in female mice against SEL of the receptor. The mice were mated and embryos were collected at 8th, 12th, 18th GD and 1 DPN. RESULTS: 5-HT4 receptor mRNA increased in brain from 12th GD to 1 DPN. Its expression gradually decreased in heart and disappeared at birth. This was consistent with expression of the receptor isoforms 5-HT4(a) and (d). Abnormalities like decreased number of embryos, growth delay, spina bifida and sinus arrhythmia from 12th GD were documented in pups of mice showing anti-5-HT4 receptor antibodies. CONCLUSION: serotoninergic 5-HT4 receptor plays an important role in mouse foetal development. In BALB/c mice there is a direct relation between the expression of receptor and the deleterious effect of maternal anti-5-HT4 receptor autoantibodies in early embryogenesis.

Prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR4) expression modulates WNT signaling pathways in MCF7 breast cancer cells: A possible mechanism underlying PAR4-mediated docetaxel chemosensitivity.

Docetaxel is an effective drug for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. However, the exact mechanisms and/or markers associated with chemosensitivity or resistance to docetaxel remain unclear. We previously showed that the expression of prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR4) inhibits the growth of MCF7 breast cancer cells and increases their sensitivity to docetaxel. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we evaluated transcriptome changes in MCF7 cells expressing increased levels of PAR4 and control cells before and after docetaxel treatment. Some of the top gene networks generated from the differentially expressed genes were related to the wingless­type MMTV integration 1 (WNT) canonical (WNT/ß-catenin) and non­canonical (ß­catenin­independent) pathways. The Human WNT signaling pathway RT2 profiler™ PCR array was used to validate the effects of PAR4 on the expression pattern of genes involved in the WNT pathway. CACNAD2A3, GDF5 and IL6 were upregulated and NANOG was downregulated in the MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing increased levels of PAR4 after treatment with docetaxel, likely indicating inactivation of the WNT/ß-catenin pathway. Upregulation of FGF7, LEF1 and TWIST1 indicated activation of the WNT/ß­catenin pathway. Although preliminary, our findings could be of particular interest for understanding the action of PAR4 in chemosensitivity, particularly to increase the specificity and effectiveness of drug treatment and overcome resistance to chemotherapy. Further studies are needed to better understand the biological roles of PAR4 in the regulation of WNT pathways in breast cancer cells in response to docetaxel and other chemotherapeutic agents.

A high-affinity monoclonal antibody with functional activity against the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HT4) receptor.

Splenocytes from a BALB/c mouse immunised with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the 5-HT4 receptor were fused with SP2/O myeloma cells to produce a monoclonal antibody. The monoclonal antibody was of the IgG2b isotype. The antibody recognised the human 5-HT4(g) (h5-HT4(g)) receptor by immunoblots and by immunofluorescence on chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing this 5-HT4 receptor isoform. Epitope mapping of the antibody suggested the recognition of a conformational epitope, encompassing the N- and C-terminal fragments of the second extracellular loop. Kinetic experiments using surface plasmon resonance showed that the antibody had a picomolar affinity for its cognate peptide. Inhibition experiments using the same methodology confirmed the specificity of the interaction. The antibody at a concentration of 500 pM competitively inhibited inverse agonist GR113808 binding and showed an inverse agonist effect on the basal activity of CHO cells expressing the 5-HT4(g) receptor. The antibody decreased the effect of 5-HT at 500 and 50 pM concentrations but it increased 5-HT-induced cAMP levels at 5 pM. The dual effect of the monoclonal antibody could be ascribed to mono- or bivalent recognition of the receptor. The antibody described here is the first example of a high-affinity modulator of the 5-HT4 receptor.

Human chagasic IgGs bind to cardiac muscarinic receptors and impair L-type Ca2+ currents.

OBJECTIVES: Antibodies against cardiac G protein-coupled receptors have been reported in sera from chronic chagasic patients (CChP) and other non-parasitic cardiomyopathies, but the effects and underlying mechanism of interaction between these antibodies and heart cells are not fully established. To address this point, binding of antibodies purified from sera of CChP patients and normal blood donors (NBD) to cardiac muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and their effect on L-type Ca(2+) currents were examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Saturation [3H]NMS binding experiments with porcine atrial membranes showed that B(max) in the presence of CChP-immunoglobulin G (IgG) decreased from 280.2+/-16.08 fmol/mg (control) to 91.00+/-5.98 fmol/mg, with no apparent change in K(D), while NBD-IgG did not significantly alter these parameters. At the single channel level, CChP-IgG decreased both the fast and slow mean open times and P(o) (from 0.074+/-0.023 to 0.025+/-0.007) without changes in single channel conductance. I/V plots of isoproterenol-stimulated whole-cell L-type Ca(2+) currents (I(Ca)) from rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes showed a significant reduction in peak I(Ca) during perfusion with CChP-IgG (at 0 mV: from 10.61+/-2.97 to 8.45+/-2.54 pA/pF). NBD-IgGs had no effect on I(Ca). A CChP-IgG purified against a peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the M(2) receptor also impaired L-type Ca(2+) currents. All effects of CChP-IgG were blocked by atropine. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that antibodies from CChP bind to mAChR in a non-competitive manner and are able to activate the receptor in an agonist-like form resulting in L-type Ca(2+) current inhibition.

Perfil das intoxicações exógenas por agrotóxicos de uso agrícola / Profile of exogenous poisonings by agrotoxics for agricultural use

Objetivo: apresentar o perfil das intoxicações exógenas por agrotóxicos de uso agrícola. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, que correspondeu ao período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2015, descritivo, com elementos epidemiológicos de análise quantitativa e cunho documental. Para a análise utilizou-se dados das fichas de investigação disponíveis na base de dados DATASUS. De acordo com os dados analisados a faixa etária mais acometida por intoxicação devido ao uso de agrotóxicos foi a de 20 a 49 anos, sendo os principais casos acidentais e por tentativas de suicídio. A população acometida possui baixo grau de escolaridade e a principal via de intoxicação foi a via digestiva, seguida pela respiratória e cutânea. Conclui-se que a intoxicação pelo uso dos agrotóxicos precisa ser avaliada como um grave problema da saúde pública, uma vez que acomete não apenas a saúde do trabalhador, mas o meio ambiente e a comunidade.(AU)

Objective: to present the profile of exogenous intoxications by agricultural pesticides. This is a retrospective study, wich corresponded to the period from january 2007 to december 2015, descriptive, with epidemiological elements of quantitative analysis and documentary nature. For the analysis data from the research forms available in the DATASUS database were used. According to the data analyzed the age group most affected by intoxication due to the use of pesticides was 20 to 49 years, the main cases being accidental and due to suicide attempts. The affected population has low level of education and the main route of intoxication was to the digestive route, followed by respiratory and cutaneous. It is concluded that intoxication by the use of pesticides needs to be evaluated as a serious public health problem, since it affects not only the health of the worker, but the environment and the community.(AU)

Estudo de caso: gestão zoosanitária para a qualidade da carcaça de suínos em criação de pequeno porte em Minas Gerais / Case study: zoosanitary management of carcass quality of pigs in small ports creation in Minas Gerais

Controles zootécnicos e veterinários foram implantados em uma granja comercial de suínos após grave infestação por Ascaris suum, em 2016, levando a condenações pelo SIF. Estabeleceu-se uma abordagem integrada das práticas de manejo e atenção contínua aos fatores de risco sanitário, com a elaboração dos procedimentos operacionais padrão, análise periódica dos indicadores zootécnicos, manejo em lotes mensais, desinfecção e vazio sanitário das instalações, vacinação, vermifugação e avaliação clínica e treinamento de pessoal. Os resultados de 2016 a 2018 indicaram ausência de sinais clínicos de doenças entéricas ou respiratórias e aumento no ganho de peso médio diário do nascimento ao abate. O último lote abatido, em dezembro de 2018, não registrou condenações pelo SIF. Estes resultados confirmam a eficácia da gestão zoosanitária adotada.

Internato de enfermagem: conquistas e desafios na formação do enfermeiro / Internship in nursing: victories and challenges in the training of nurses / Internado de enfermería: conquistas y desafíos en la formación del enfermero

Resumo O internato de enfermagem representa a consolidação da prática e da teoria aplicadas na realidade dos serviços de saúde e é alvo constante de discussões curriculares para seu aperfeiçoamento. O estudo aqui apresentado teve por objetivo descrever a história do internato de enfermagem de uma universidade pública do norte do Paraná e divulgar as conquistas e os desafios encontrados para a formação do enfermeiro. Tratou-se de pesquisa histórica e documental com abordagem qualitativa, realizada no ano de 2013. O internato de enfermagem foi construído com a integração das mudanças nacionais e as influências sociais e políticas enfrentadas pelas universidades públicas. Ressalta-se que a universidade desempenha importante papel como formadora de profissionais que, desde a concepção dos estágios, são envolvidos em discussões e planejamentos em relação à práxis, de modo a potencializar metodologias inovadoras e valorizar os campos de estágios. O internato de enfermagem em questão passou por diversos desafios ao longo dos anos na busca de seguir preceitos educacionais e do sistema de saúde e alcançou efetividade, confirmada pelos atores envolvidos.

Abstract The internship in nursing represents the consolidation of practice and theory applied in the reality of health services, and improving it is a constant target of curricular discussions. The purpose of this study was to describe the history of the internship in nursing at a public university in northern Paraná state, Brazil, and to publicize the achievements made and challenges faced in the training of nurses. This was a historical and documentary research project with a qualitative approach carried out in the year 2013. The internship in nursing was built based on the integration of national changes and the social and political influences faced by public universities. It should be emphasized that the university plays an important role as a trainer of professionals who, from the conception of the internships, are involved in discussions on and in the planning of the praxis to potentiate innovative methodologies and to value the internship fields. The internship in nursing in question underwent several challenges over the years in the pursuit of educational and health system precepts, and it reached effectiveness, as confirmed by the players involved.

Resumen El internado de enfermería representa la consolidación de la práctica y la teoría aplicadas en la realidad de los servicios de salud y es constante centro de discusiones curriculares para su perfeccionamiento. El estudio aquí presentado tuvo por objetivo describir la historia del internado de enfermería de una universidad pública del norte del estado de Paraná, Brasil, y divulgar las conquistas y desafíos encontrados para la formación del enfermero. Se trató de una investigación histórica y documental con enfoque cualitativo, realizada en el año 2013. El internado de enfermería se construyó con la integración de los cambios nacionales y las influencias sociales y políticas enfrentadas por las universidades públicas. Se destaca que la universidad desempeña un importante papel como formadora de profesionales que, desde la concepción de las pasantías, se involucran en discusiones y planificaciones con relación a la praxis, de forma de potencializar metodologías innovadoras y valorizar los campos de pasantías. El internado de enfermería en cuestión pasó por diferentes desafíos a lo largo de los años en la búsqueda de seguir preceptos educativos y del sistema de salud, y logró efectividad, confirmada por los actos involucrados.