[Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis - a 3-year study in four medical centers].

BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common infection of the lower genital tract among women of reproductive age. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of BV and the important etiological agent Gardnerella vaginalis in Bulgarian patients of different age groups, as well as, the risk factors forBV METHODS: One thousand five hundred and twenty-three (1523) women aged 16 to 45 years without previous antimicrobial therapy were included in this study. The methods used were: scoring of Gram staining of vaginal smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for G. vaginalis. RESULTS: Positive for BV according to the microscopic examination criteria were 47.80% from the 1523 tested women. In 88.87% from the positive samples G. vaginalis was detected using PCR, thus demonstrating high comparability of the both methods and the leading role of G. vaginalis. The most affected with BV is the age group of 21-25 years (33.21% of all subjects with BV). The most important detected risk factors were: smoking (more than 55% with BV), single marital status (only 15% with BV are married), more than I sexual partner (more than 36% had changed the sexual partner), early onset of sexual activity (75% of B V asocciated subjects started their sexual activity by the age 15-18 years). CONCLUSIONS: The established early age for aquiring BV among Bulgarian women is very important and alarming sign. This is the first study on the etiological role of G. vaginalis and on the risk factors for BV in Bulgaria.

Synthesis, analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of new metal complexes of sulbactam.

Complexes of copper(II), nickel(II) and iron(III) with beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam have been synthesized, characterized and identified by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. These complexes have been then tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity in combination with ampicillin against various bacterial species.

Synthesis and beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of new 6beta-cysteinesulfonamidopenicillanic acids.

New 6beta-cysteinesulfonamidopenicillanic acids and their sulfoxides were synthesized by sulfonylation of 6beta-aminopenicillanic acid or its (S)-sulfoxide with (R)-N-benzyloxycarbonylcysteinesulfonyl chloride ethyl ester (2a, 1b) and (R)-N-benzyloxycarbonylcysteinesulfonyl chloride benzyl ester (2a, 2b). The corresponding 6beta-cysteinesulfonamidopenicillanic acids sulfones 1c and 2c were prepared by oxidation of the sulfoxides 1b and 2b with potassium permanganate in aqueous medium. When combined with ampicillin some of the compounds reduced the minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin against beta-lactamase producing strains.