RESUMO
The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a highly invasive and aggressive species capable of transmitting a large number of etiological agents of medical and veterinary importance, posing a high risk for the transmission of emerging viruses between animals and humans. In this work, we evaluated the mosquitocidal activity of Neochloris aquatica against A. albopictus throughout its development and analyzed whether this effect was potentiated when the microalga was cultivated under stress conditions due to nutrient deprivation. Our results suggest that N. aquatica produces metabolites that have negative effects on these insects, including larval mortality, interruption of pupal development, and incomplete emergence of adults when fed on microalgae in the larval stages. When microalgae were cultured under stress conditions, an increase in molting defects was recorded, and the number of healthy adults emerged drastically decreased. Histological studies revealed severe signs of total disintegration of different tissues and organs in the thorax and abdomen regions. The muscles and fat bodies in the midgut and foregut were severely distorted. In particular, larval intestinal tissue damage included vacuolization of the cytoplasm, destruction of brush border microvilli, and dilation of the intercellular space, which are distinctive morphological characteristics of apoptotic cells. Evidence suggests that N. aquatica produces metabolites with mosquitocidal effects that affect development and, therefore, the ability to vector etiological agents of medical and veterinary importance.
Assuntos
Aedes , Clorofíceas , Microalgas , Humanos , Animais , Larva , MudaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Delay in initiating appropriate antimicrobial therapy prolongs hospitalization, increases in-hospital mortality, and raises economic costs. Currently, the identification and susceptibility testing of bacteria in positive blood cultures require a considerable amount of time. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the BCID2 FilmArray® (FA) panel on the timing of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and potential antimicrobial costs. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study focused on positive blood cultures in hospitalized patients. FA processing was conducted concurrently with routine sample processing. Changes in antibiotic treatments based on FA results were evaluated, and the reduction in antimicrobial therapy duration and associated cost savings were calculated. RESULTS: Eighty-seven bacteremia episodes were analysed. In 42 (48%) of them antimicrobial therapy was de-escalated to narrower spectrum agents, while in 7 (8%) therapy was escalated to broader spectrum antimicrobials. Additionally, in 8 (9%) antimicrobials were switched without changing spectrum and in 30 (34%) no changes were made based on FA results. Antimicrobial changes were made 2.3 days faster than with routine sample processing resulting in calculated potential savings of US$ 7408. CONCLUSION: The implementation of FA facilitated a faster administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, leading to a reduction in the duration of broadspectrum empirical antimicrobial therapy and subsequent economic savings.
Introducción: Los retrasos en el tratamiento antimicrobiano adecuado de las bacteriemias prolongan la estadía hospitalaria, aumentan la mortalidad e incrementan los costos. Aún hoy en día se requiere un tiempo considerable para obtener la identificación y antibiograma de los microorganismos en los hemocultivos positivos. El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto de la implementación del panel BCID2 de FilmArray® (FA) sobre el tiempo de inicio de tratamientos antimicrobianos adecuados y sobre los costos potenciales de los mismos. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de los hemocultivos positivos de pacientes hospitalizados, procesados por FA y por metodología tradicional. Se evaluaron los cambios de antimicrobianos en base a los resultados del FA. Se calcularon los días de reducción de tratamiento antimicrobiano y el ahorro potencial en el uso de los mismos, teniendo en cuenta también los costos del FA. Resultados: Se analizaron 87 episodios de bacteriemia. En 42 (48.3%) de ellos se desescaló el tratamiento a antimicrobianos de menor espectro, en 7 (8%) se escaló a antimicrobianos de mayor espectro, en 8 (9.2%) se cambió el antimicrobiano sin variar el espectro y en 30 (34.5%) no se realizaron cambios con los resultados del FA. Los cambios de antimicrobianos se realizaron en promedio 2.3 días más rápido que con los métodos convencionales. Se calculó un ahorro potencial de US$ 7408. Conclusión: La implementación del panel BCID2 de FilmArray® permitió adecuar los tratamientos antimicrobianos más rápidamente acortando la duración de los tratamientos empíricos de amplio espectro, lo cual resultó costo-efectivo.