Hypoxic, Toxic, and Acquired Metabolic Encephalopathies at the Emergency Room: The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Our purpose is to describe typical computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in encephalopathies in the emergency. The focus of this article are the most frequent toxic and acquired metabolic diseases and their preferential sites of involvement, such as hepatic encephalopathy, hypoglicemia, nonketotic hyperglycemia, osmotic demyelination, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, uremia, illegal drug abuse, carbon monoxide poisoning, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The radiologist must be able to identify the most usual patterns of lesion in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in these settings.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of metastatic breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common type of tumor in women and an important cause of mortality in the female population. The early and precise diagnosis, staging, and treatment of this neoplasia are essential for public health purposes. Technological development, for example, of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging, made possible the adoption of new imaging modalities for a better approach for these patients. This imaging modality is helpful to staging, to therapy response assessment, and to the study of therapeutic changes in bone marrow, because it gives, at the same time, anatomical information using T1- and T2-weighted images, with high spatial resolution and tissue contrast, as well as functional sequences (diffusion-weighted images), which make possible the detection of hypercellular viable tumors.