RESUMO
A review of publications devoted to the analysis of genetic polymorphisms of the gene encoding the glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor and some other genes directly and indirectly involved in the implementation of its physiological action is presented. The aim of the study: to search for information on genes polymorphism that can affect the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide type 1 agonists. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 recommendations, the search for publications was based on PubMed databases (including Medline), Web of Science, as well as Russian scientific electronic source eLIBRARY.RU from 1993 to 2022. The several genes polymorphisms (GLP1R, TCF7L2, CNR1, SORCS1, WFS1, PPARD, CTRB1/2) that may affect the course and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity, was described. Single nucleotide substitutions in some regions of these genes can both decrease and increase the clinical efficacy of the treatment of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome with the help of type 1 glucagon-like peptide agonists: exenatide, liraglutide. Data on the role of genetic variations in the structure of the products of these genes in the effectiveness of other type 1 glucacone-like peptide agonists have not been found.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Síndrome Metabólica , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Glucagon/uso terapêutico , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/uso terapêutico , Peçonhas/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos/genética , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Receptor do Peptídeo Semelhante ao Glucagon 1/genética , Receptor do Peptídeo Semelhante ao Glucagon 1/agonistas , Receptor do Peptídeo Semelhante ao Glucagon 1/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A review of publications devoted to the analysis of genetic polymorphisms and features of the functioning of genes that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is presented. Objective of the study was to reveal information about genes whose polymorphism may affect the effectiveness of SGLT2i. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 recommendations, the search for publications was carried out in the PubMed databases (including Medline), Web of Science, as well as Russian scientific electronic libraries eLIBRARY.RU from 1993 to 2022. Polymorphisms in the structure of several genes (SLC5A2, UGT1A9, ABCB1, PNPLA3) have been described that may affect the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diseases such as chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The information found on the genetic features of the development of the effects of SGLT2i is limited to a description of the differences in their pharmacokinetics. The relevance of currently available pharmacogenetic studies is largely constrained by small sample sizes.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose , Humanos , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologiaRESUMO
The administration of eplir (a phospholipid-containing hepatoprotector), as well as of the enterosorbents polyphepan and EST-1 (an agent obtained from dry peat extract), to rats with tetrachloromethane-induced hepatitis protect the liver parenchyma against dystrophy, necrosis, and inflammation, reduce hyperfermentemia, decrease the blood bilirubin, ammonia, phenols, and malonaldehyde, and increase the urea content in blood serum, while not fully restoring all these biochemical parameters on the normal level. The treatment of rats with toxic hepatitis by a combination of eplir and enterosorbents is accompanied by a synergistic increase in the therapeutic efficacy of each component, leading to normalization of the biochemical parameters reflecting the functional slate of liver.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/uso terapêutico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Enteroadsorção , Fosfolipídeos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/patologia , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/prevenção & controle , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , RatosRESUMO
In chronic CCl4-hepatitis in rats phospholipid-containing hepatoprotectors, essentiale and eplir differ in their influence on the therapeutic effect of prednisolone; essentiale does not change the antiproliferative effect of the glucocorticoid and weakens its membrane-stabilizing effect, eplir increases these therapeutic effects of prednisolone. Besides, eplir, in distinction from essentiale, reduces lipid accumulation in the liver and hypoproteinemia which are induced by prednisolone.