SlRBP1 promotes translational efficiency via SleIF4A2 to maintain chloroplast function in tomato.

Many glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBPs) have critical functions in RNA processing and metabolism. Here, we describe a role for the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) GR-RBP SlRBP1 in regulating mRNA translation. We found that SlRBP1 knockdown mutants (slrbp1) displayed reduced accumulation of total chlorophyll and impaired chloroplast ultrastructure. These phenotypes were accompanied by deregulation of the levels of numerous key transcripts associated with chloroplast functions in slrbp1. Furthermore, native RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (nRIP-seq) recovered 61 SlRBP1-associated RNAs, most of which are involved in photosynthesis. SlRBP1 binding to selected target RNAs was validated by nRIP-qPCR. Intriguingly, the accumulation of proteins encoded by SlRBP1-bound transcripts, but not the mRNAs themselves, was reduced in slrbp1 mutants. Polysome profiling followed by RT-qPCR assays indicated that the polysome occupancy of target RNAs was lower in slrbp1 plants than in wild-type. Furthermore, SlRBP1 interacted with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor SleIF4A2. Silencing of SlRBP1 significantly reduced SleIF4A2 binding to SlRBP1-target RNAs. Taking these observations together, we propose that SlRBP1 binds to and channels RNAs onto the SleIF4A2 translation initiation complex and promotes the translation of its target RNAs to regulate chloroplast functions.

Exploring clinical evaluation indicators for predicting coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit in hemodialysis patients receiving individualized regional citrate anticoagulation-A single-center, retrospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Citrate anticoagulation is an important anticoagulation method in hemodialysis (HD) but cannot completely prevent the occurrence of coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation (ECC) circuit, and the clinical coagulation status can significantly affect the effect of citrate anticoagulation. In this study, the relationships between clinical coagulation status indicators and coagulation in the ECC circuit in HD patients receiving individualized citrate anticoagulant were studied to explore indicators that may predict coagulation in the ECC circuit. METHODS: This study was a single-center, retrospective clinical study, and clinical data and laboratory tests related to the coagulation status of HD patients receiving individualized regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) were collected. The relationships between indicators commonly used in clinical practice to evaluate clinical coagulation status and coagulation in the ECC circuit were statistically analyzed to find indicators that can predict the occurrence of coagulation in the ECC circuit. RESULTS: The individualized RCA had a good anticoagulation effect, and the actual citrate infusion rate in nearly 80% of the patients was within ±10% of the theoretical infusion rate. The combined diseases or conditions that affect the coagulation status in vivo may increase the incidence of coagulation in the ECC circuit. The clinical D-dimer level is an independent risk factor that affects and can predict coagulation in the ECC circuit, with a cutoff value of 2.03 mg/L, sensitivity of 59%, and specificity of 78%. CONCLUSION: Individualized RCA can meet the needs of most HD treatments. Abnormal coagulation status in HD patients may increase the incidence of coagulation in the ECC circuit during individualized RCA for HD, and the D-dimer level can predict the occurrence of coagulation in the ECC circuit during this treatment.

Helicobacter pylori induce circ_0046854 to regulate microRNA-511-3p/CSF1 axis and enhance the resistance of gastric cancer to cisplatin.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is considered a major risk factor for gastric cancer (GC) and during this process, cytotoxin­associated gene A (CagA) plays in essence. The study mainly focused on the molecular mechanism of circular RNA 0046854 (circ_0046854) in HP-induced GC. Clinically, 56 cases of GC and normal tissues were collected, and the GC tissues were divided into HP-negative GC tissues (HP-) and 33 HP-positive GC tissues (HP+). Tissue expression of circ_0046854, microRNA (miR)-511-3p and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) was tested. BGC-823/Cisplatin (DDP) resistant strain was induced and cell growth and DDP resistance were detected after HP infection. In vivo experiments were performed using a mouse xenograft model. The relationship between circ_0046854, miR-511-3p and CSF1 was confirmed. GC tissues especially HP+ cancer tissues expressed high circ_0046854 and CSF1 and low miR-511-3p. HP-induced circ_0046854 expression in GC cells through CagA. Inhibition of circ_0046854 or miR-511-3p elevation inhibited the growth and DDP resistance in GC cells. Circ_0046854 acted as a sponge for miR-511-3p, which targeted CSF1. Restoring CSF1 could abolish the inhibitory effect of miR-511-3p overexpression on CagA+ HP-induced GC progression in vitro. Circ_0046854 silencing repressed tumor growth and aggrandized the inhibiting effects of DDP on tumorigenesis in vivo. Circ_0046854/miR-511-3p/CSF1 axis may be involved in the development of HP-induced GC, thus providing new ideas for studying the mechanism of HP-related gastric diseases.

The influence of cooperative action intention on object affordance: evidence from the perspective-taking ability of individuals.

In complex interactive scenarios, action understanding lies at the heart of social interactions. Nevertheless, the ability to understand action intention may differ among people. The current study distinguished two groups of participants with different social intention-understanding abilities (high and low) based on a perspective-taking task to investigate the influence of social intention on object affordance under conditions of individual and cooperative action intention. In the affordance perception experiment, participants were shown a video with the presenter reaching to grasp an object in different grips and asked to classify objects into kitchen or non-kitchen items by pressing the left- or right-hand button under the two intention conditions. The results showed that the object affordance effects were modulated by the participants' understanding of social intention in the interactive scenarios. Specifically, the object affordance effects were observed only in the high perspective-taking ability group under the condition of cooperative action intention. However, under the condition of individual action intention, object affordance effects were shown in both the high and low perspective-taking ability groups, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. This study suggests that processing of object affordance depends greatly on the contextual correspondence of perception and action and that the understanding of cooperative action intention can affect the activation of object affordance.

Realization of flexible and parallel laser direct writing by multifocal spot modulation.

In this investigation, we propose a strip segmentation phase (SSP) method for a spatial light modulator (SLM) to generate independent multifocal spots when the beam passes through a high numerical aperture (NA) lens. With the SSP method, multifocal spots can be generated with each spot independently, flexibly and uniformly distributed. The performance of the SSP method is first validated with numerical simulation. Then, by applying the modulation method with SLM and importing the beams into an inverted fluorescence microscopy system with a high-NA lens, the spot distribution and their shapes can be observed by fluorescent image. The fluorescent image exhibits high uniformity and high consistency with the aforementioned numerical simulations. Finally, we dynamically load a series of phase maps on SLM to realize continuous and independent spot movement in a multifocal array. By laser direct writing on photoresist, a complex NWU-shape structure can be realized flexibly with multi-task fabrication capability. The SSP method can significantly improve the efficiency and flexibility of laser direct writing. It is also compatible with most recent techniques, e.g., multiphoton absorption, stimulated emission depletion and photo-induced depolymerization etc., to realize parallel super-resolution imaging and fabrications.

Application of Iron-Based Materials for Remediation of Mercury in Water and Soil.

Mercury contamination in soil and water has become a major concern to environmental quality and human health. Among the existing remediation technologies for mercury pollution control, sorption via iron-based materials has received wide attention as they are environmental friendly and economic, and their reactivity is high and controllable through modulating the morphology and surface properties of particulate materials. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on environmental application of a variety of iron-based sorbents, namely, zero valent iron, iron oxides, and iron sulfides, for mercury remediation. Techniques to improve the stability of these materials while enhancing mercury sequestration, such as nano-scale size control, surface functionalization, and mechanical support, were summarized. Mechanisms and factors affecting the interaction between mercury and iron-based materials were also discussed. Current knowledge gaps and future research needs are identified to facilitate a better understanding of molecular-level reaction mechanisms between iron-based materials and mercury and the long-term stability of the immobilized mercury.

Critical role of top-down processes and the push-pull mechanism in semantic single negative priming.

The present study investigated the roles of bottom-up mask-triggered inhibition and top-down inhibition in semantic categorization using the single negative priming (NP) paradigm. The masking (bottom-up) and ignore instructions (top-down, i.e., instructing participants to ignore the primes) were manipulated in Experiments 1-3 and Experiment 4, respectively. No priming was observed when only the masking was manipulated (Experiments 2 and 3), but NP was observed when a possible top-down ignore strategy (Experiment 1) or an ignore instruction (Experiment 4) was added. The results indicate that bottom-up mask-triggered inhibition cannot elicit semantic single NP by itself. However, top-down inhibition from an ignore instruction or ignore strategy is critical for triggering reliable semantic single NP. The findings suggest that semantic single NP originates from a push-pull mechanism by facilitating responses to unrelated trials and inhibiting responses to related trials. The experimental evidence also suggests that unconscious processes can be modulated by top-down control.

Combined zero valent iron and hydrogen peroxide conditioning significantly enhances the dewaterability of anaerobic digestate.

The importance of enhancing sludge dewaterability is increasing due to the considerable impact of excess sludge volume on disposal costs and on overall sludge management. This study presents an innovative approach to enhance dewaterability of anaerobic digestate (AD) harvested from a wastewater treatment plant. The combination of zero valent iron (ZVI, 0-4.0g/g total solids (TS)) and hydrogen peroxide (HP, 0-90mg/g TS) under pH3.0 significantly enhanced the AD dewaterability. The largest enhancement of AD dewaterability was achieved at 18mg HP/g TS and 2.0g ZVI/g TS, with the capillary suction time reduced by up to 90%. Economic analysis suggested that the proposed HP and ZVI treatment has more economic benefits in comparison with the classical Fenton reaction process. The destruction of extracellular polymeric substances and cells as well as the decrease of particle size were supposed to contribute to the enhanced AD dewaterability by HP+ZVI conditioning.

Immobilization of mercury by carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized iron sulfide nanoparticles: reaction mechanisms and effects of stabilizer and water chemistry.

Iron sulfide (FeS) nanoparticles were prepared with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer, and tested for enhanced removal of aqueous mercury (Hg(2+)). CMC at ≥0.03 wt % fully stabilized 0.5 g/L of FeS (i.e., CMC-to-FeS molar ratio ≥0.0006). FTIR spectra suggested that CMC molecules were attached to the nanoparticles through bidentate bridging and hydrogen bonding. Increasing the CMC-to-FeS molar ratio from 0 to 0.0006 enhanced mercury sorption capacity by 20%; yet, increasing the ratio from 0.0010 to 0.0025 diminished the sorption by 14%. FTIR and XRD analyses suggested that precipitation (formation of cinnabar and metacinnabar), ion exchange (formation of Hg0.89Fe0.11S), and surface complexation were important mechanisms for mercury removal. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model was able to interpret the sorption kinetics, whereas a dual-mode isotherm model was proposed to simulate the isotherms, which considers precipitation and adsorption. High mercury uptake was observed over the pH range of 6.5-10.5, whereas significant capacity loss was observed at pH < 6. High concentrations of Cl(-) (>106 mg/L) and organic matter (5 mg/L as TOC) modestly inhibited mercury uptake. The immobilized mercury remained stable when preserved for 2.5 years at pH above neutral.

Effects of oil and dispersant on formation of marine oil snow and transport of oil hydrocarbons.

This work explored the formation mechanism of marine oil snow (MOS) and the associated transport of oil hydrocarbons in the presence of a stereotype oil dispersant, Corexit EC9500A. Roller table experiments were carried out to simulate natural marine processes that lead to formation of marine snow. We found that both oil and the dispersant greatly promoted the formation of MOS, and MOS flocs as large as 1.6-2.1 mm (mean diameter) were developed within 3-6 days. Natural suspended solids and indigenous microorganisms play critical roles in the MOS formation. The addition of oil and the dispersant greatly enhanced the bacterial growth and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content, resulting in increased flocculation and formation of MOS. The dispersant not only enhanced dissolution of n-alkanes (C9-C40) from oil slicks into the aqueous phase, but facilitated sorption of more oil components onto MOS. The incorporation of oil droplets in MOS resulted in a two-way (rising and sinking) transport of the MOS particles. More lower-molecular-weight (LMW) n-alkanes (C9-C18) were partitioned in MOS than in the aqueous phase in the presence of the dispersant. The information can aid in our understanding of dispersant effects on MOS formation and oil transport following an oil spill event.

Construction of a coagulation prediction model of the extracorporeal circulation circuit during hemodialysis with regional citrate anticoagulant (RCA).

OBJECTIVE: To construct a prediction model of coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit during hemodialysis with regional citrate anticoagulant(RCA) conditions. METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective study. The clinical data of patients who received hemodialysis with RCA from February 2021 to March 2022 were collected. The risk predictors of coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit were screened by LASSO regression. On this basis, we used multivariate logistic regression analysis to establish a nomogram prediction model. RESULTS: A total of 98 patients received RCA hemodialysis for 362 times. Among them, 155 treatments with complete data were included in the study. Among the 155 treatments, coagulation of the extracorporeal circulation circuit occurred 12 times. The use of arteriovenous fistulas(AVF), the venous pressure at 4 h after hemodialysis initiation, blood flow velocity, dialyzer manufacturer, Systemic iCa2+ at 1 h after hemodialysis initiation, plasma albumin level, and plasma d-dimer level were influencing factors of coagulation in the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis with RCA (p < 0.05). A nomogram model was made out of the above indicators. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting coagulation in the circuit was 0.967 (95% CI: 0.935-0.998). The internal validation result of the memory testing (bootstrap method) showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.967 (95% CI: 0.918-0.991). CONCLUSION: The nomogram model has good discrimination and calibration and can intuitively and succinctly predict the risk of coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit during hemodialysis with RCA.

Fast and efficient remediation of antimony-contaminated surface water and field soil using alumina supported Fe-Mn binary oxide.

Antimony (Sb) pollution in surface water and soil has earned extensive attention. Our previous study synthesized a new class of alumina supported Fe-Mn binary oxide (Fe-Mn@Al2O3) and found that MnO2 in the composite oxidized Sb(III) to Sb(V) and FeOOH and Al2O3 played an indispensable role in adsorption of Sb(III) and Sb(V). This study further explored the removal of Sb in surface water and in situ sequestration of Sb in Sb-contaminated field soil via Fe-Mn@Al2O3. Sb removal from water was pH independent and the removal efficiencies of Sb(III) and total Sb kept constant at 95.4% and 60.5%, respectively, over a pH range of 5.0-10.0. Increasing dissolved organic matter (DOM) from 0 to 22.8 mg/L had negligible effect on Sb(III) removal whereas inhibited the total Sb removal from 60.5% to 51.2%. Dissolved oxygen cannot oxidize aqueous Sb(III), yet, enhanced the Sb(III) removal whereas decreased the total Sb removal. The composite performed well in natural surface water with high DOM and inorganic ligands. In addition, the composite effectively immobilized Sb in field soil. 5% of the composite significantly inhibited the H2SO4 and HNO3 leachable Sb by 93.6% after 30 d. The amendment transformed the Sb speciation from more easily available fractions (i.e., exchangeable, carbonate-bound, and Fe-Mn oxides-bound species) into more stable fractions (i.e., organic material bound and residual species), leading to declined Sb bioaccessibility and reduced environmental risk. The composite facilitated a long-term stability of Sb in soil. The study demonstrated an easy, fast, and effective strategy for efficient immobilization of Sb in water and soil.

In situ remediation of mercury-contaminated groundwater through an in situ created reactive zone enabled by carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized FeS nanoparticles.

Faced with worldwide mercury (Hg) contamination in groundwater, efficient in situ remediation technologies are urgently needed. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) stabilized iron sulfide (CMC-FeS) nanoparticles have been found effective for immobilizing mercury in water and soil. Yet, the potential use of the nanoparticles for creating an in situ reactive zone (ISRZ) in porous geo-media has not been explored. This study assessed the transport and deliverability of CMC-FeS in sand media towards creating an ISRZ. The nanoparticles were deliverable through the saturated sand bed and the particle breakthrough/deposition profiles depended on the injection pore velocity, initial CMC-FeS concentration, and ionic strength. The transport data were well interpreted using an advection-dispersion transport model combined with the classical filtration theory. The resulting ISRZ effectively removed mercury from contaminated groundwater under typical subsurface conditions. While the operating conditions are yet to be optimized, the Hg breakthrough time can be affected by groundwater velocity, influent mercury concentration, dissolved organic matter, and co-existing metals/metalloids. The one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation well simulated the Hg breakthrough data. CMC-FeS-laden ISRZ effectively converted the more easily available Hg species to stable species. These findings reveal the potential of creating an ISRZ using CMC-FeS for in situ remediation of Hg contaminated soil and groundwater.

An individualized regional citrate anticoagulation protocol for hemodialysis: a real-world retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an individualized regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) protocol for hemodialysis. METHODS: In this single-center, retrospective study, blood coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation, adverse reactions, in vivo ionized calcium (iCa2+) concentrations, and the infusion dose of citrate during RCA in hemodialysis were observed in 98 patients from February 2021 to March 2022. RESULTS: A total of 98 patients underwent RCA during hemodialysis 362 times, and blood coagulation occurred in the extracorporeal circulation 29 times. Among the 29 cases of coagulation, most of the patients exhibited hypercoagulability, and among approximately 80% of the treatments, the deviation between the actual infusion rate of citrate in the extracorporeal circulation and the theoretical value was ± 10%. After hemodialysis, pH values and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) levels were clearly improved, and online conductivity monitoring (OCM) values and blood coagulation scores in the extracorporeal circulation were identical to those measured in similar studies. CONCLUSION: An individualized RCA protocol for hemodialysis is safe, effective, simple, and inexpensive and can meet the needs of individualized treatment; therefore, its application is worthy of promotion.

Green remediation of mercury-contaminated soil using iron sulfide nanoparticles: Immobilization performance and mechanisms, effects on soil properties, and life cycle assessment.

Mercury (Hg) pollution in soil has grown into a severe environmental issue. Effective in situ immobilization techniques are crucially demanded. In this study, we explored the application of carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized iron sulfide nanoparticles (CMC-FeS) for in situ immobilization of Hg in soil. CMC-FeS (a CMC-to-FeS molar ratio of 0.0004) was prepared via the reaction between FeSO4 and Na2S using CMC as a stabilizer. Remedying the Hg-polluted soil using 0.03 % CMC-FeS via batch experiments effectively reduced the acid leachable Hg by 97.5 % upon equilibrium after 71 days. Column elution tests demonstrated that the addition of CMC-FeS decreased the peak Hg concentration by 89.9 % and the total Hg mass eluted by 94.9 % after 523 pore volumes. CMC-FeS immobilized Hg in soil via chemical precipitation, ion exchange, and surface complexation. After the CMC-FeS treatment, Hg was transformed from more available exchangeable, carbonate-bound, and organic material-bound forms into the less available residual fraction, reducing the environmental risk of soil Hg from medium to low. The application of CMC-FeS boosted the soil enzyme activities and enhanced the soil bacterial diversity whereas decreased the production of methylmercury. CMC-FeS also facilitated long-term immobilization of Hg in soil. The acid leachable Hg and relative Hg bioaccessibility was decreased. Lift cycle assessment indicated that the preparation and application of CMC-FeS for in situ Hg remediation in soil met green chemistry principles. The present study confirms that CMC-FeS can be applied as an efficient and "green" amending agent for long-term Hg immobilization in soil/sediment.

Deep learning-assisted detection and segmentation of intracranial hemorrhage in noncontrast computed tomography scans of acute stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Deep learning (DL)-assisted detection and segmentation of intracranial hemorrhage stroke in noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans are well-established, but evidence on this topic is lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed and Embase databases were searched from their inception to November 2023 to identify related studies. The primary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, and the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC); while the secondary outcomes were positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), precision, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), processing time, and volume of bleeding. Random-effect model and bivariate model were used to pooled independent effect size and diagnostic meta-analysis data, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 36 original studies were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that DL technologies have a comparable performance in intracranial hemorrhage detection and segmentation with high values of sensitivity (0.89, 95% CI: 0.88-0.90), specificity (0.91, 95% CI: 0.89-0.93), AUROC (0.94, 95% CI: 0.93-0.95), PPV (0.92, 95% CI: 0.91-0.93), NPV (0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.96), precision (0.83, 95% CI: 0.77-0.90), DSC (0.84, 95% CI: 0.82-0.87). There is no significant difference between manual labeling and DL technologies in hemorrhage quantification (MD 0.08, 95% CI: -5.45-5.60, P =0.98), but the latter takes less process time than manual labeling (WMD 2.26, 95% CI: 1.96-2.56, P =0.001). CONCLUSION: This systematic review has identified a range of DL algorithms that the performance was comparable to experienced clinicians in hemorrhage lesions identification, segmentation, and quantification but with greater efficiency and reduced cost. It is highly emphasized that multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials will be needed to validate the performance of these tools in the future, paving the way for fast and efficient decision-making during clinical procedure in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke.

Nanoporous Carbon Materials Derived from Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Peel and Seed for Electrochemical Supercapacitors.

In order to prepare biomass-derived carbon materials with high specific capacitance at a low activation temperature (≤700 °C), nanoporous carbon materials were prepared from zanthoxylum bungeanum peels and seeds via the pyrolysis and KOH-activation processes. The results show that the optimal activation temperatures are 700 °C and 600 °C for peels and seeds. Benefiting from the hierarchical pore structure (micropores, mesopores, and macropores), the abundant heteroatoms (N, S, and O) containing functional groups, and plentiful electrochemical active sites, the PAC-700 and SAC-600 derive the large capacities of ~211.0 and ~219.7 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 in 6 M KOH within the three-electrode configuration. Furthermore, the symmetrical supercapacitors display a high energy density of 22.9 and 22.4 Wh kg-1 at 7500 W kg-1 assembled with PAC-700 and SAC-600, along with exceptional capacitance retention of 99.1% and 93.4% over 10,000 cycles at 1.0 A g-1. More significantly, the contribution here will stimulate the extensive development of low-temperature activation processes and nanoporous carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage and beyond.

Cloning, expression of a feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus usamii E001 and its applicability in generating ferulic acid from wheat bran.

A cDNA gene (AufaeA), which encodes a mature polypeptide of the type-A feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus usamii E001 (abbreviated to AuFaeA), was cloned and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. One transformant, labeled as P. pastoris GSFaeA4-8, expressing the highest recombinant AuFaeA (reAuFaeA) activity of 10.76 U/ml was selected by the flask expression test. The expressed reAuFaeA was purified to homogeneity with an apparent molecular weight of 36.0 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis, and characterized using the model substrate of methyl ferulate (MFA). The purified reAuFaeA was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 45 °C, and highly stable at pH 4.0-6.5 and 45 °C or below. Its activity was not significantly affected by metal ions tested and EDTA. The K m and V max of reAuFaeA towards MFA were 4.64 mM and 115.5 U/mg, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that only 9.7 % of total alkali-extractable ferulic acid (FA) was released from destarched wheat bran by reAuFaeA alone. The released FA increased to 36.5 % when reAuFaeA was used together with a recombinant Aspergillus usamii GH family 11 xylanase A, indicating a synergistic interaction between them.

Non-anticoagulant factors affecting coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit and the development of an individualized regional citrate anticoagulation protocol for hemodialysis: A real-world retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate non-anticoagulant factors that affect blood coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation (ECC) circuit of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) protocol for hemodialysis (HD). METHOD: The clinical characteristics of patients undergoing an individualized RCA protocol for HD between February 2021 and March 2022 were collected; Coagulation scores, pressures in various parts of the ECC circuit, the incidence of coagulation, and citrate concentrations in the ECC circuit during treatment were determined, and non-anticoagulant factors affecting coagulation in the ECC circuit were analyzed. RESULT: The lowest clotting rate was 2.8% in patients with arteriovenous fistula in various vascular access. Patients on Fresenius dialysis had a lower rate of clotting in the cardiopulmonary bypass line than patients on other brands of dialyzer. Low-throughput dialyzers are less likely to clot than high-throughput dialyzers. There are significant differences in the incidence of coagulation among different nurses during citrate anticoagulant hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: In the process of citrate anticoagulant hemodialysis, non-anticoagulant factors such as coagulation status, vascular access, dialyzer selection, and operator quality will affect the anticoagulant effect.

Treatment of atrazine-containing wastewater by algae-bacteria consortia: Signal transmission and metabolic mechanism.

Atrazine is a toxic endocrine disruptor. Biological treatment methods are considered to be effective. In the present study, a modified version of the algae-bacteria consortia (ABC) was established and a control was simultaneously set up to investigate the synergistic relationship between bacteria and algae and the mechanism by which atrazine is metabolized by those microorganisms. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of the ABC reached 89.24% and the atrazine concentration was reduced to below the level recommended by the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory standards within 25 days. The protein signal released from the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by the microorganisms triggered the resistance mechanism of the algae, and the conversion of humic acid to fulvic acid and electron transfer constituted the synergistic mechanism between the bacteria and algae. The mechanism by which atrazine is metabolized by the ABC mainly consists of hydrogen bonding, H-pi interactions, and cation exchange with atzA for hydrolysis, followed by a reaction with atzC for decomposition to non-toxic cyanuric acid. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum for bacterial community evolution under atrazine stress, and the analysis revealed that the removal of atrazine within the ABC was mainly dependent on the proportion of Proteobacteria and the expression of degradation genes (p < 0.01). EPS played a major role in the removal of atrazine within the single bacteria group (p < 0.01).