RESUMO
Objective: The aim of this review was to summarize the process and results of the Region of Murcia's 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Methods: Indicators from the Global Matrix initiative (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport & Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Active Play, Active Transport, Sedentary Behaviors, Family & Peers, School, Community & Environment, and Government) were evaluated based on the best available data in the Region of Murcia. Results: Active play was the indicator with the highest grade (B+), followed by Organized Sport & Physical Activity (B) and Active Play (B). School and Family and Peers indicators obtained a C+ and C grade, respectively. Both Community and Environment and Sedentary Behaviors indicators received a D+ grade. The grade for Overall Physical Activity and Government indicators was D. Physical Fitness was the indicator with the lowest grade of this Report Card (D-). None of the indicators received an incomplete grade (INC) because of a lack of available information. Conclusions: The present Report Card offers evidence highlighting the low level of physical activity in Spanish children and adolescents living in the Region of Murcia. Further studies and surveillance efforts are urgently needed for most of the indicators analyzed, which should be addressed by researchers and the Region of Murcia's Government for this specific population. A strong commitment from the Government of the Region of Murcia is needed at all levels to promote a cultural change that will lead children and young people in this region to improve the current situation.
RESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the effects of a 9-month Pilates exercise programme on the sagittal spinal posture and hamstring extensibility of adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial with blinded examiner. PATIENTS: One-hundred and three adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomly placed into an experimental group which participated in a Pilates exercise programme implemented for a total of 38 weeks (two sessions/week, 15 min/session) (Pilates group (PG), sample = 49, or control group (CG), sample = 48). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures were the thoracic curve in sagittal spinal curvature in relaxed standing, sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in relaxed standing and sit-and-reach positions, and hamstring extensibility. RESULTS: There was a significant adjusted mean difference between groups in favour of the PG in the thoracic curve in relaxed standing position (-5.6°, p = 0.003), pelvic tilt (-2.9°, p = 0.03) and all straight leg tests (p<0.001). The PG showed a significant change in thoracic curve (-5.9, p<0.001) and in lumbar angle (4.0, p = 0.001) in relaxed standing position and in all straight leg raise tests (+6.4 to +15°, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis from the PG had a decreased thoracic kyphosis in relaxed standing position, and improved hamstring extensibility as compared with the CG. More than 50% of the participants obtained kyphosis values inside normality, showing an adjusted mean difference between groups in the thoracic curve of about 73% of the baseline mean, resulting in a large improvement and high clinical importance. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03831867.
Assuntos
Cifose , Curvaturas da Coluna Vertebral , Humanos , Adolescente , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Cifose/terapia , Curvaturas da Coluna Vertebral/terapia , Postura , Exercício FísicoRESUMO
Previous research analyzing the differences in physical fitness and body composition between active and sedentary adolescents aged 12-16 has not provided conclusive results. For this reason, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to provide an overview of the results obtained to date. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to investigate the differences in the physical fitness and body composition of adolescents who engaged in daily physical activity and those who were inactive. A search in PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Sciences databases was performed. A total of 13,884 articles were reviewed and 11 were included in the meta-analysis. In the physical fitness performance, significantly higher values in cardiorespiratory fitness, hamstring and lower back flexibility, sit-ups and upper limb resistance were found in active compared to the inactive participants. In body composition, the inactive group showed significantly higher values in variables related to body fat, mainly in body fat percentage, fat mass and fat mass index compared to the active group. The results revealed that maintaining an active lifestyle through physical activity is a determining factor in improving the physical fitness and body composition of adolescents aged 12-16 years. The study design of the systematic review was previously registered in PROSPERO with code CRD42021241975. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=241975 .
Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Aptidão Física , Adolescente , Composição Corporal , Criança , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Comportamento SedentárioRESUMO
The "fat but fit paradox" states that people who are fit have a lower cluster cardiometabolic risk (CCMR), even if they are overweight or obese. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the CCMR between four categories based on the "fat but fit paradox" variable, in different fitness categories-cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and physical fitness-in adolescents. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle fitness, blood samples, and blood pressure were assessed in 230 adolescents, and cardiometabolic risk and three different "fat but fit paradox" variables were calculated. Participants with a higher CRF exhibited a lower CCMR within their body mass index (BMI) category (p < 0.05). Participants with a high BMI and high muscular fitness showed a lower CCMR than participants with a low muscular fitness and a similar BMI, or low BMI and low muscular fitness (p < 0.05). When both variables, CRF and muscular fitness, were combined, their effectabove CCMR increased (p < 0.05). Across all fitness categories, the fat and unfit group, whether considered individually or combined, exhibited the highest risk of CCMR (p < 0.05). This study confirms the "fat but fit paradox" in different physical fitness categories, showing the importance of both CRF and muscular fitness as predictors of CCMR, with the combination of both variables showing a greater agreement.
Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Obesidade , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
This study examined the effect of outdoor-fitness-equipment-based resistance training on the health parameters of middle-aged and older adults, as well as analyzing the effect of age on the results found. A total of 149 volunteers were randomly assigned to the training (TG) and control (CG) groups. The TG performed two weekly sessions of resistance training for 8 weeks using outdoor fitness equipment, while the CG continued with their regular daily activities. Body composition was measured using DXA, and the maximal isometric voluntary contraction in knee extension, elbow flexion, and hand grip were assessed, along with the 4 m walk test, the Timed Up and Go Test, and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire. The TG showed a significant increase in the lean mass index (p = 0.002) and maximal isometric voluntary contraction in both legs (p < 0.001) and arms (p < 0.001), as well as in physical functioning (p < 0.001) and the role physical dimension (p = 0.006) of the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire, compared to the CG, which showed a decrease in all these variables. In addition, the TG showed a greater decrease in fat mass (p < 0.001), fat mass index (p = 0.003), and the Timed Up and Go Test (p < 0.001) than the CG. Age conditioned the evolution of most of the variables analyzed (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resistance training with outdoor fitness equipment may be useful for improving the health of middle-aged and older adults, although age is a factor that could influence the adaptations found.
RESUMO
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HIIT and SIT programmes on body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose, cardiorespiratory fitness, and strength of adolescents and to compare the effect between those different protocols. Methods: Sixty adolescents were recruited from a high school and were randomly placed into three groups. SIT and HIIT undertook a training for 8 weeks, twice a week, for 12 min per session, during their Physical Education lessons. SIT group performed 6 sets of 60 s of work (90-95%HRmax) / 60 s of rest (50-55%HRmax), and HIIT group performed 3 sets of 2 min of work (80-85%HRmax) / 2 min of rest (50-55%HRmax). Results: After adjustment by sex, both experimental groups exhibited a significant reduction in fat mass (p < 0.01), and trunk fat mass (p < 0.01), as well as a significant increase in lean mass (p = 0.01; <0.01), hand-grip strength (p < 0.01) and standing long jump (p = 0.05-0.04, respectively). In addition, HIIT showed a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and VO2max, and a tendency toward a significant reduction in low density lipoprotein. Conclusion: The implementation of a HIIT protocol within high school Physical Education sessions, maintained for 8 weeks, at a rate of 3 sets of 2 min of work (80-85% RHR)/2 min of rest (50-55% RHR) generated adaptations such as improved fitness condition, changes in body composition, and improvements in blood parameters and blood pressure. However, the group of adolescents who performed SIT, shorter but more intense sets, did not experience as many benefits.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Composição Corporal , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Aptidão Física , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória/fisiologia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Glicemia/análiseRESUMO
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sprint interval training (SIT) and [high intensive interval training (HIIT)] carried out during the cool-down period of the physical education classes on body composition, blood pressure variables (BP) and pulse rate (PR), and cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescents who are overweight and obese, and to compare the differences in enjoyment in response to SIT vs. HIIT. Methods: For this randomized controlled trial, forty-five adolescents were recruited from a high school and were randomly placed into three groups. SIT and HIIT trained for 8 weeks, twice a week, for 12 min/session. Experimental group (EG) 3 was the control, and they maintained their regular physical education class schedule. The SIT group performed 6 sets of 60 s of work (90-95%HRmax) / 60 s of rest (50-55%HRmax), and the HIIT group performed 3 sets of 2 min of work (80-85%HRmax) / 2 min of rest (50-55%HRmax). Results: Both experimental groups showed a significant improvement in fat mass (FM) (%) and trunk FM (kg). In addition, EG2 reported a significance improvement in lean mass (kg), blood pressure BP (mmHG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg), PR (bpm), and VO2max (ml/kg/min). Conclusion: The present study found that a HIIT protocol performed during the cool-down period of the physical education classes generated adaptations such as improvement in body composition, BP variables and PR, and cardiorespiratory fitness, in overweight and obese adolescents. In contrast, the group of overweight and obese adolescents who performed SIT showed limited benefits, with changes in fat mass only.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Sobrepeso , Educação Física e Treinamento , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Sobrepeso/terapia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Composição Corporal , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Obesidade/terapiaRESUMO
Introduction: For years, gender inequality has conditioned women's participation in sport, exposing them to difficult situations and numerous barriers to face. However, no previous research has analyzed the situation of women in sport from the perspective of the athletes themselves, or from the perspective of the coaches, teachers or managers who work with them. Methods: This study examines the perspectives of European women athletes, sports managers, physical education teachers, and sports coaches, on gender equity in sports across six European countries: Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey. The research design was consistent with a critical realist epistemology, and the sampling method was non-probabilistic by convenience. A total of 42 female athletes (mean age: 24.37 ± 8.27 years old; mean sport experience: 6.67 ± 7.76 years) and 45 sports managers, physical education teachers or coaches (mean age: 47.00 ± 11.99 years old; mean sport experience: 9.62 ± 10.60 years), participated in six focus groups in the same countries, in groups of 6 to 10 participants per focus group. Focus groups were conducted to stimulate collective discussions, build upon and question ideas, and reach a consensus on questions drawn up by a group of experts, following previous methodologies. The data analysis involved transcribing, translating, and contextualizing the focus group recordings into English. Inductive thematic analysis, reflexive thematic analysis, and codes and themes within the data were created using NVivo 12 Pro. Results: The main topics discussed by the female athletes were "gender inequality in general and in sport," "barriers to gender equity," "reasons for abandonment," "needs," "environment role models" and "tools for the gender equity in sport." The main topics discussed by the sports managers, physical education teachers, and coaches were "gender inequality in general," "gender inequality in sports," "tools" and "reasons, motives, drivers." The results of the study revealed that gender inequality in sports is influenced by a broader social context, where stereotypes, biases, and discrimination persist. The participants also highlighted the challenges, barriers, and needs that women athletes face in their careers, such as a lack of resources, support, visibility, and recognition. Moreover, the participants suggested some strategies to promote gender equity in sports, such as increasing investment, awareness, and education, creating policies and legislation, fostering women's leadership and role modeling, and developing mixed and inclusive sports projects. Discussion: According to athletes and sports managers/teachers/coaches, gender inequality is still present in sport. There are barriers and challenges that need to be addressed such as lack of resources, visibility, and recognition for female athletes. Among the strategies that can be used to reverse this situation are increasing investment, awareness, and education, creating policies and legislation, fostering women's leadership, and developing mixed and inclusive sport projects.
RESUMO
(1) Background: Non-pharmacological interventions have demonstrated efficacy in the prevention, management, and control of hypertension. Multicomponent training confers a host of benefits to the general populace. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of multicomponent training on the blood pressure of adults with hypertension and ascertain the nature of the dose-response relationship. (2) Methods: This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. Eight studies were included, following a literature search across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EBSCO. Randomized controlled trials implementing multicomponent training interventions on adults with hypertension were considered for inclusion. A quality assessment was performed using the PEDro scale, with a random-effects model utilized for all analyses. (3) Results: Multicomponent training yielded a significant reduction in systolic (MD = -10.40, p < 0.001) and diastolic (MD = -5.97, p < 0.001) blood pressure relative to the control group. Interventions lasting over 14 weeks with a minimum frequency of three sessions per week, each lasting 60 min, were deemed most effective. (4) Conclusion: An optimal training intensity was achieved with 30 min of aerobic exercise at 75% of the heart rate reserve, whereas sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of one repetition maximum produced the best outcomes in strength training.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic ability of GDLAM and SPPB batteries to classify people with sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP19). STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study recruited 584 participants (240 men, 65.33 ± 8.68 years old). The diagnostic criteria of the EWGSOP19 for probable, confirmed and severe sarcopenia were used as the standard. Then, the Latin American Group for Maturity battery-GDLAM- and the short physical performance battery-SPPB- were measured. The ability as screening methods of these two batteries were determined by specific indicators including sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the ROC curves (AUC). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometric variables (Body mass, height, triceps, thigh and calf skinfolds and relaxed arm, middle-thigh and calf girths), handgrip strength (HG), chair stand, 4 m walk, and timed-up-and-go-tests (TUG) as well as the Latin American Group for Maturity battery (GDLAM) and the short physical performance battery (SPPB) were performed. RESULTS: The GDLAM battery shows a sensitivity from moderate to high (60.1-72.2 %), and specificity from moderate (57.6 %) to very high (90.7 %) to identify sarcopenia categories (probable, confirmed and severe). However, the SPPB battery shows a lack of classification ability for probable sarcopenia (AUC = 0.436; p = 0.123), confirmed sarcopenia (AUC = 0.499; p = 0.959) and severe sarcopenia (AUC = 0.484; p = 0.532). Those participants classified as probable sarcopenia or confirmed sarcopenia measured by GDLAM battery according to the cut-off points obtained in the ROC curve showed a higher probability to be in the probable sarcopenia (OR = 2.8; p = 0.001) or confirmed sarcopenia categories (OR = 10; p = 0.002), respectively, based on EWGSOP19 criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The GDLAM screening battery showed improved properties in terms of distinguishing individuals at risk for sarcopenia from those who were not.
Assuntos
Sarcopenia , Masculino , Idoso , Humanos , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Força da Mão , Vida Independente , Estudos Transversais , Avaliação GeriátricaRESUMO
The performance of male soccer players (MSP) depends on multiple factors such as body composition. The physical demands of modern soccer have changed, so the ideal body composition (BC) requirements must be adapted to the present. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the anthropometric, BC, and somatotype characteristics of professional MSP and to compare the values reported according to the methods and equations used. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science following the PRISMA statement. Random-effects meta-analysis, a pooled summary of means, and 95% CI (method or equation) were calculated. Random models were used with the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method. Seventy-four articles were included in the systematic review and seventy-three in the meta-analysis. After comparing the groups according to the assessment method (kinanthropometry, bioimpedance, and densitometry), significant differences were found in height, fat mass in kilograms, fat mass percentage, and fat-free mass in kilograms (p = 0.001; p < 0.0001). Taking into account the equation used to calculate the fat mass percentage and ∑skinfolds, significant differences were observed in the data reported according to groups (p < 0.001). Despite the limitations, this study provides useful information that could help medical technical staff to properly assess the BC of professional MSP, providing a range of guidance values for the different BC.
Assuntos
Futebol , Humanos , Masculino , Composição Corporal , Antropometria , SomatotiposRESUMO
Different authors have reported on the influence of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) intervention on game performance and psychosocial variables. This review aimed: (a) to explore the TGfU experimental studies; (b) to compare the effects of the TGfU vs. technical approach pedagogy on game performance; and (c) to determine the effect of the TGfU approach on game performance and psychosocial variables (motivational climate, task orientation, perceived competence and enjoyment). This systematic review with meta-analysis adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, WOS, EBSCO and Google scholar metasearch) were searched. Study quality was measured with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score. Thirteen studies were included. A pooled analysis of all interventions demonstrated a large significant improvement in decision making for TGfU when compared to technical approach pedagogy (SMD = 5.93, I2 = 98%; CI (95%) = 2.15-9.71; p = 0.004) and no differences between groups for skill execution (SMD = 1.70; I2 = 8%; CI (95%) = -5.34-8.73; p = 0.60). The effect of a TGfU intervention on game performance is strong (decision making, execution skills and tactical skills). Moderate evidence is reported by psychosocial variables (motivational climate, task orientation, perception of motivation and achievement in physical education). In addition, it is unclear its effect on perceived competence, enjoyment, knowledge of the game and intention to be physically active. TGfU intervention could be an appropriate approach for males and females in the context of education or sport. There is a need for a greater number of studies.
RESUMO
Introduction: Objective: this study analyzed the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and proxy-reported physical fitness among Spanish and Brazilian youths during the COVID-19 lockdown according to several inequality indicators. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study with parents and guardians of children and adolescents from Spain and Brazil. The evaluation process was through the use of online questionnaires. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents. Proxy-reported physical fitness was determined using the International Fitness Scale. Inequality indicators (gender, nationality, socioeconomic status, and parents/guardians' education level) were evaluated with a survey completed by the participants' parents/guardians. Binary logistic regression models estimated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and proxy-reported physical fitness, with stratification according to inequality variables. A total sample of 1,099 Spanish and Brazilian individuals (47.6% girls, aged 3 to 17 years) were included in the analysis. Results: compared to the "improvement needed to Mediterranean diet" category, the "optimal Mediterranean diet" group was significantly associated with "very good" physical fitness in boys (OR = 1.5; 95 % CI: 1.0-2.1) and in participants with parents/legal guardians' education level without university studies (OR = 1.5; 95 % CI: 1.0-2.4). Conclusions: gender and parents/guardians' education level plays a significant role in the association between the "optimal Mediterranean Diet" and "very good" physical fitness level in Spanish and Brazilian children and adolescents. Future prospective studies are needed to investigate the role of inequality indicators in this relationship.
Introducción: Objetivo: este estudio analizó la asociación entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la aptitud física autoinformada entre jóvenes españoles y brasileños durante el confinamiento de COVID-19 según varios indicadores de desigualdad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal con padres y tutores de niños y adolescentes de España y Brasil. El proceso de evaluación fue a través del uso de cuestionarios online. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se evaluó mediante el Índice de Calidad de la Dieta Mediterránea en Niños y Adolescentes. La aptitud física declarada por los padres se determinó mediante la Escala Internacional de Aptitud Física. Los indicadores de desigualdad (género, nacionalidad, estatus socioeconómico y nivel educativo de los padres/tutores) se evaluaron con una encuesta completada por los padres/tutores de los participantes. Los modelos de regresión logística binaria estimaron la asociación entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la aptitud física informada por los progenitores, estratificando según las variables de desigualdad. Se incluyó en el análisis una muestra total de 1099 individuos españoles y brasileños (47,6 % niñas, de 3 a 17 años). Resultados: en comparación con la categoría de "necesidad de mejorar la dieta mediterránea", la de "dieta mediterránea óptima" se asoció significativamente con una aptitud física "muy buena" en los chicos (OR = 1,5; IC del 95 %: 1,0-2,1) y en los participantes con nivel educativo de los padres/tutores sin estudios universitarios (OR = 1,5; IC del 95 %: 1,0-2,4). Conclusiones: el género y el nivel educativo de los padres/tutores legales desempeñan un papel significativo en la asociación entre la "dieta mediterránea óptima" y el nivel de condición física "muy bueno" en niños y adolescentes españoles y brasileños. Se necesitan futuros estudios prospectivos para investigar el papel de los indicadores de desigualdad en esta relación.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Dieta Mediterrânea , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Aptidão Física , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to examine the influence of exogenous factors related to nutritional and hydration strategies and environmental conditions, as modulators of fatigue, including factors associated with performance fatigability and perceived fatigability, in endurance tests lasting 45 min to 3 h. A search was carried out using four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and EBSCO. A total of 5103 articles were screened, with 34 included in the meta-analysis. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022327203) and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. The study quality was evaluated according to the PEDro score and assessed using Rosenthal's fail-safe N. Carbohydrate (CHO) intake increased the time to exhaustion (p < 0.001) and decreased the heart rate (HR) during the test (p = 0.018). Carbohydrate with protein intake (CHO + PROT) increased lactate during the test (p = 0.039). With respect to hydration, dehydrated individuals showed a higher rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (p = 0.016) and had a higher body mass loss (p = 0.018). In hot conditions, athletes showed significant increases in RPE (p < 0.001), HR (p < 0.001), and skin temperature (p = 0.002), and a decrease in the temperature gradient (p < 0.001) after the test. No differences were found when athletes were subjected to altitude or cold conditions. In conclusion, the results revealed that exogenous factors, such as nutritional and hydration strategies, as well as environmental conditions, affected fatigue in endurance sports, including factors associated with performance fatigability and perceived fatigability.
Assuntos
Resistência Física , Esportes , Humanos , Carboidratos , Fadiga , Estado Nutricional , Resistência Física/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max) and muscular strength with indicators related to the risk scale, such as perceived competence, sensation seeking, competitiveness, risk taking and risk perception in sports. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: High schools from the Region of Murcia (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Three-hundred-and-seventeen adolescents participated (mean age: 13.69±1.2 years old). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass, body height, Course-Navette test, upper limb strength and psychoeducational factors that determine the propensity towards sports accidents in school children, the Sports Accident Propensity Scale were evaluated. It was performance t-test for independent samples, stepwise multiple linear regression models and a multiple mediation analysis. RESULTS: The analysis showed significant differences with respect to sex in height, VO2 max, handgrip strength and in all factors of the questionnaire (p=0.02-<0.01). Adolescents who presented greater VO2 max, strength in the handgrip test and age showed a higher score in factors 1 and 3. Higher scores in factor 2 were associated with better VO2 max and strength in handgrip test. Youngers and better values of strength in the handgrip showed higher score in factors 4 and 5. The mediation analysis with two mediating variables (handgrip strength and VO2 max) showed a significant indirect effect. When handgrip strength and VO2 max were included in the equations, the association between sex and each factor ceased to be significant. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the potential benefits of muscular strength (handgrip) and VO2 max in the perceived risk scale, and the variable of age on this. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Clinical trial: NCT05544370 (pre-results).
Assuntos
Força da Mão , Aptidão Física , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Personalidade , PercepçãoRESUMO
This project will investigate the effectiveness of an 8-week outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) programme on health parameters in healthy community-dwelling middle and older adults, corresponding to the present paper to the study protocol, which follows a single-blind randomised controlled trial design. The training intervention will involve participation in an OFE programme implemented over 8 weeks, two sessions/week. Rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, training volume and adherence to the exercise programme will be registered each session. The control group will not receive any structured exercise programme. Blinded examiners will evaluate before and after the training programme muscle strength with both maximum knee extension and elbow flexion isometric tests, handgrip strength test and five time sit-to-stand test; cardiovascular fitness with 400-metre walking test; postural stability with the balance tests of the short physical performance battery (SPPB) battery; dynamic balance with Timed Up and Go (TUG) test; body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; functional performance by gait speed, TUG and SPPB battery; blood pressure; and sagittal spine disposition and pelvic tilt. Information will also be collected about demographic characteristics, health-related quality of life, satisfaction with life and adherence to the Mediterranean diet questionnaires. After that, sarcopenia, osteoporosis and fracture risk will be calculated. The results derived from this research will increase the knowledge of the effectiveness of OFE training for improving the health of healthy community-dwelling middle and older adults.
RESUMO
There are only a few studies that have examined the interaction between physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and overweightness/obesity in adolescents, and these studies have shown some limitations. The objective of this study was to examine whether the association between PA (moderate-vigorous PA [MVPA], moderate PA [MPA], and vigorous PA [VPA]) and obesity is mediated by CRF. This cross-sectional study was conducted in six middle and high-schools in the Porto district (Portugal), comprising 632 children and adolescents. Fat mass (FM), CRF, MVPA, MPA, and VPA were assessed. The Process macro for SPSS was used. CRF was significantly associated with PA for both children and adolescents. Likewise, FM was negatively and significantly associated with CRF for both children (ß = -0.337) and adolescents (ß = -0.255). FM was associated with PA in children (MVPA: ß = -0.102; MPA: ß = -0.118; VPA: ß = -0.305) and adolescents (MVPA: ß: -0.103; MPA: ß = -0.082; VPA: ß = -0.204). The mediation analysis showed that the association between PA (MVPA//MPA/VPA) and obesity was mediated by CRF, in both children and adolescents, with a significant value in the Sobel test. Obesity is associated with CRF and MVPA, MPA, and VPA. However, CRF acted as a complete mediator between the association of obesity and PA.
Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso , Aptidão FísicaRESUMO
OBJETIVES: To analyse the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on mental well-being variables of older women, and to determine the influence of lifestyle and age on such effects. The hypothesis of the study was that all parameters related to mental well-being would worsen in older women during the COVID-19 lockdown. DESIGN: Observational follow-up study. Pre lockdown measurements were taken before the lockdown. Post lockdown measurements were taken as soon as began the de-escalation. SETTING: Senior centres in the Region of Murcia (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: The sample was composed of 40 older women volunteers, over 54 years of age (mean age=62.35±8.15 years). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre lockdown and post lockdown evaluations were carried out face to face. The following questionnaires were completed: Satisfaction with Life Scale, The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, The Short Form 36 Health Survey, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet. RESULTS: Post lockdown, a worsening was found in the variables of life satisfaction (p=0.001); depression (p<0.001), quality of life in physical role (p=0.006), pain (p=0.004), emotional role (p<0.001) and mental health (p<0.001); and sleep quality (p=0.018), sleep latency (p=0.004), sleep disturbances (p=0.002) and global sleep quality score (p=0.002). It was found how age influenced the variables of pain (p=0.003) and social role (p=0.047), as well as the influence of a healthy lifestyle on the variables analysed (F=6.214; p=0.017). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was shown to be a protective factor against increased depression (p=0.03). Spending time sitting was shown to be a risk factor for physical role health (p=0.002), as was advanced age on health due to worsening pain (p=0.005), or an unhealthy lifestyle on increased consumption of sleeping aids (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: The lockdown had a great negative impact on Spanish older women on mental well-being variables. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04958499.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Idoso , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor , Satisfação Pessoal , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Qualidade do SonoRESUMO
There is a lack of studies that analyze the interaction between risk variables as predictors of back pain (BP) in adolescents. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between BP and several risk variables, and to analyze the effect of the mediation of gender in this association. This cross-sectional study included n = 617 adolescents (mean age: 14.10 ± 1.18 years old) who completed the BP Adolescent Survey and who performed the bench trunk curl (BTC) and Sorensen (SOR) tests. Males showed a significantly lower prevalence (OR: 0.67) and frequency (contingency coefficient: 1.73) of BP than females, less participation in leisure-time sedentary behaviors (LRSBs) per day of more than 2 h (Cramer's V: 0.110), a higher sufficient Physical Activity (PA) (Cramer's V: 0.323) and a higher score in the BTC test (Contingency coefficient: 0.346). A high BTC score indicated significantly lower risk of BP than mid (OR: 1.74; p = 0.025) or low (OR: 1.62; p = 0.022) BTC. The mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect with a significant value for the Sobel test (z = 7.45 ± 0.111). When the BTC test value was included in the equations, the connection between gender and BP was no longer significant. There was a difference in the prevalence between gender in BP and LRSB and PA. BP was associated with the SOR test. The association between BP and gender was mediated by SOR results.
RESUMO
OBJETIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 13-week COVID-19 lockdown on health-related parameters in women aged 60-70 years. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty women participated in this longitudinal study. All the assessments were performed before and 13 weeks after the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (March to June 2020). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A sociodemographic questionnaire was provided, and tests were performed to assess muscle strength, anthropometric measurements, densitometry, blood pressure, blood parameters, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity levels. RESULTS: After the lockdown, both healthy and unhealthy lifestyle groups showed a significant worsening of HDL, cholesterol/HDL lipids, and isometric knee extension strength parameters. However, individuals with an unhealthy lifestyle also showed a significant worsening in LDL lipids, Non-HDL lipids, bone mineral density of the femoral neck, fat mass/height (%), truncal fat mass (absolute and percentage), total fat mass (absolute and percentage) and handgrip strength. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the overall health status of Spanish older women, potentially increasing their susceptibility to comorbidities, such as lipid cholesterol, body fat, and decreased muscle strength.