RESUMO
The implementation of immunotherapy has radically changed the treatment of oncological patients. Currently, immunotherapy is indicated in the treatment of patients with head and neck tumors, melanoma, lung cancer, bladder tumors, colon cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, liver cancer, leukemia and lymphomas. However, its efficacy is restricted to a limited number of cases. The challenge is, therefore, to identify which subset of patients would benefit from immunotherapy. To this end, the establishment of immunotherapy response criteria and predictive and prognostic biomarkers is of paramount interest. In this report, a group of experts of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM), and Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SEMNIM) provide an up-to-date review and a consensus guide on these issues.
Assuntos
Consenso , Imunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias/terapia , Sociedades Médicas , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Oncologia , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias/imunologia , Medicina Nuclear , Radiologia , Critérios de Avaliação de Resposta em Tumores Sólidos , Espanha , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Ewing's sarcoma is an uncommon malignancy that usually occurs in children. A case of Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible is presented, and the radiologic appearance is described, with special consideration given to the magnetic resonance imaging features.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neoplasias Mandibulares/diagnóstico , Sarcoma de Ewing/diagnóstico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Criança , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Neoplasias Mandibulares/patologia , Radiografia Panorâmica , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Sarcoma de Ewing/patologia , Sarcoma de Ewing/secundário , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 44-year-old woman, with a history of cigarette smoking (60 per day) and hyperthyroidism. She presented a bilateral ocular ischemic syndrome, and a bilateral occlusive carotid artery disease which showed reverse ophthalmic artery flow that resulted in a steal phenomenon, characterized by a shunt to the low resistance intracranial circuits and reduction of blood flow to the eyes. DISCUSSION: Young patients with severe bilateral occlusive carotid artery disease may be at greater risk of developing ocular ischemic syndrome, while this reverse flow decreases the patient's risk of stroke and death.