Food Aversion during Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Individuals with cancer often present food aversion after initiation of anti-tumor treatment, which may impair nutritional status. We aim to assess the prevalence and factors associated with food aversion during cancer treatment. Articles from three databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. English was used, with no restriction on the year of publication. Inclusion criteria were original articles that evaluated food aversion in adults and the elderly undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment. Fifteen articles were included. A high prevalence of food aversion (21-62%) was observed, with meat considered the most aversive food. The aversion is usually transient and may be due to gastrointestinal problems, such as nausea and vomiting, caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment, and even psychological and emotional issues. Offering a new food before the beginning of treatment seems to be an effective strategy to reduce aversion, combined with nutritional and psychological monitoring. Cancer patients have a high prevalence of food aversion. Multidisciplinary care can minimize the consequences of cancer treatment.

Effects of cinnamon supplementation on metabolic biomarkers in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) has been rising significantly over the years. Recent studies have shown beneficial effects of cinnamon on metabolic biomarkers. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to assess the effect of cinnamon supplementation on metabolic biomarkers in patients with DM2. DATA SOURCES: The Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase databases were searched up to November 10, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION: A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of cinnamon supplementation on metabolic biomarkers, in adults and the elderly with DM2, and comparing the data for a cinnamon intervention group with that for a placebo group or a control group. The main exclusion criteria were studies (1) with other types of diabetes (ie, gestational diabetes or type 1 diabetes), (2) without cinnamon consumption, (3) that did not evaluate metabolic biomarkers, or (4) in vitro and animal studies. Two researchers independently screened 924 records, evaluated full-text studies, extracted data, and appraised their quality. A third researcher was consulted to resolve any discrepancies. The data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and quantified using I2 statistics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instrument. Sensitivity analysis and the GRADE system were used to assess the robustness and certainty of the findings. DATA ANALYSIS: In total, 28 RCTs with a duration ranging from 30 to 120 days and a total enrollment of 3054 patients with DM2 were included. Participants consuming cinnamon showed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: -15.26 mg/dL; 95% CI: -22.23 to -8.30; I2 = 88%), postprandial glucose (WMD: -39.22 mg/dL; 95% CI: -63.90 to -14.55; I2 = 100%), HbA1c (WMD: -0.56 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.13; I2 = 94%), and HOMA-IR (WMD = -0.76, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.39; I2 = 22%) compared with the control group. An intervention of cinnamon in capsule form reduced FBG (WMD:-18.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: -26.32 to -10.53; I2 = 89%), postprandial glucose (WMD: -44.83 mg/dL, 95% CI: -70.67 to -18.99; I2 = 100%), HbA1c (WMD: -0.56 mg/dL, 95% CI: -1.02 to -0.09; I2 = 94%), total cholesterol (WMD: -13.39 mg/dL; 95% CI: -24.71 to -2.07; I2 = 96%), LDL-C (WMD: -6.49 mg/dL, 95% CI: -12.69 to -0.29; I2 = 92%), and triglycerides (WND: -19.75 mg/dL; 95% CI, -33.71 to -5.80; I2 = 88%). Both doses (≤2 g/day and >2 g/day) reduced FBG and postprandial glucose. Only cinnamon doses of ≤2 g/day reduced HbA1c (WMD: -0.68 mg/dL, 95% CI: -1.16 to -0.1; I2 = 92%), HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.94 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.67; I2 = 0%), and BMI (WMD: -1.18 kg/m2; 95% CI: -1.97 to -0.39; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION: The data suggest that cinnamon improves the glycemic and lipid profile and reduces the BMI, particularly in DM2 patients who receive cinnamon supplementation in capsule form and at a dose of ≤2 g/day. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022370332.

Prevalence and factors associated with dietary adherence in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazil: a systematic review with meta-analysis / Prevalência e fatores associados à adesão à dieta em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no Brasil: Uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise

Introduction: Low adherence to the treatment is a major challenge faced by health professionals during the management of type 2 diabetes. Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors related to dietary adherence in individuals living with type 2 diabetes in Brazil. Material and Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and SciELO/Lilacs were searched without restriction to a year of publication and language. Results: From 3713 studies, 14 articles involving 2962 individuals living with type 2 diabetes were eligible. The combined proportion of adherence to the diet was 41% (95% CI: 0.267-0.562, p< 0.001; I2= 98.81%, p<0.001), with the highest 78% and lowest 3%. The combined proportion of nonadherence to the diet was 51% (95% CI: 0.268-0.754, p<0.001; I²= 99.25%, p<0.001), with the highest being 98% and the lowest being 9%. The main risk factors for nonadherence to nutritional treatment were low education, low income, and multimorbidity. Conclusion: Low adherence to the diet is a concern during nutritional counseling of individuals living with type 2 diabetes in Brazil.

Introdução: A baixa adesão ao tratamento é um dos principais desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais de saúde durante a gestão da diabetes tipo 2. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores de risco relacionados à adesão à dieta em indivíduos vivendo com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no Brasil. Material e Métodos: Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library e SciELO/Lilacs, sem restrição de ano de publicação e idioma. Resultados: De 3713 estudos, 14 artigos envolvendo 2962 indivíduos vivendo com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 foram elegíveis. A proporção combinada de adesão à dieta foi de 41% (IC 95%: 0,267-0,562, p<0,001; I2= 98,81%, p<0,001), sendo a maior 78% e a menor 3%. A proporção combinada de não adesão à dieta foi de 51% (IC 95%: 0,268-0,754, p<0,001; I²= 99,25%, p<0,001), sendo a mais elevada de 98% e a mais baixa de 9%. Os principais fatores de risco para a não adesão ao tratamento nutricional foram a baixa escolaridade, a baixa renda e a multimorbidade. Conclusão: A baixa adesão à dieta é uma preocupação durante o aconselhamento nutricional de indivíduos vivendo com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no Brasil.