[The evaluation of bone mineral density and selected markers of bone turnover in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Ocena gestosci mineralnej kosci i wybranych markerów przebudowy kosci u chorych na cukrzyce insulinozalezna.

The aim of study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine (AP Spine), total body (Total Body) and distal site of radius (Forearm), and selected markers of bone formation: serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin(OC), and bone resorption: pyridinoline (PIR) and deoxy-pyridinoline (DPIR) in urine, in patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), in comparison to healthy controls. Additionally, the influence of age, sex, smoking, duration of IDDM, the degree of metabolic control, or coexisting chronic complications of diabetes (retinopathy, incipient nephropathy, polyneuropathy) on the studied indices of bone metabolism in patients with IDDM were evaluated. The study was carried on 54 diabetic patients (23 F, 31 M) and 25 healthy individuals (13 F, 12 M). BMD was measured by DEXA (LUNAR DPX-L System). ALP was assessed by enzymatic method, and OC by RIA (Incstar Corporation). PIR and DPIR were assessed by EIA (Metra Biosystems). It was found that patients with long-standing IDDM have significantly lower BMD than healthy controls. The incidence rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis is significantly higher in this group of patients in comparison to the controls. In comparison to healthy subjects, patients with IDDM have significantly higher, but within normal reference range, serum ALP and OC, accompanied by similar PIR and not significantly increased DPIR. Duration and metabolic control of diabetes, or the coexistence of its chronic complications do not correlate with BMD or the studied indicies of bone turnover.

Iodized salt consumption, urinary iodine concentration and prevalence of goiter in children from four districts of north-western Poland (Szczecin coordinating center).

The study was aimed at evaluation of iodized salt consumption, urinary iodine concentration and incidence of goiter in children from four districts of north-western Poland: Szczecin, Koszalin, Slupsk and Gorzów Wlkp. The study was a part of the national programme: "Investigations of iodine deficite and iodine prophylaxis in Poland". The investigations were performed in ten schools randomly selected by Coordinating Centre in Kraków. Altogether 1793 children attending these schools (838 boys and 955 girls) of age between 6 ad 13 years, living in the cities and villages of coastal and lowland region were studied. The examination included interview in the form of a standard questionnaire, physical examination of the thyroid according to the WHO criteria, ultrasonographic evaluation of thyroid volume and determination of iodine concentration in single urine specimen. It appeared that only 11.2% of children used to consume iodized salt. Mean iodine concentration in urine was 76.2 micrograms/l both in children consuming and not consuming iodized salt, indicating dietary iodine deficiency. The incidence of goiter in country population of children (12.9%), indicated that the region of north-western Poland should be considered as an area of mild goiter endemy. These results suggest a need for iodine supplementation of edible salt in this region of Poland.