Patient-derived models: Promising tools for accelerating the clinical translation of breast cancer research findings.

Breast cancer has become the highest incidence of cancer in women. It was extensively and deeply studied by biologists and medical workers worldwide. However, the meaningful results in lab researches cannot be realized in clinical, and a part of new drugs in clinical experiments do not obtain as good results as the preclinical researches. It is urgently that promote a kind of breast cancer research models that can get study results closer to the physiological condition of the human body. Patient-derived models (PDMs) originating from clinical tumor, contain primary elements of tumor and maintain key clinical features of tumor. So they are promising research models to facilitate laboratory researches translate to clinical application, and predict the treatment outcome of patients. In this review, we summarize the establishment of PDMs of breast cancer, reviewed the application of PDMs in clinical translational researches and personalized precision medicine with breast cancer as an example, to improve the understanding of PDMs among researchers and clinician, facilitate them to use PDMs on a large scale of breast cancer researches and promote the clinical translation of laboratory research and new drug development.

Curcumin and its nano-formulations combined with exercise: From molecular mechanisms to clinic.

Curcumin is a strong substance derived from turmeric, a popular spice, renowned for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. The study delved deeply into a thorough examination of various sources to evaluate the impact of both regular curcumin and nano-formulated curcumin on elements that impact physical performance, including muscular strain, discomfort, swelling, and oxidative tension. While engaging in exercise, the body experiences a rise in reactive oxygen species and inflammation. As a result, it is important to ensure a proper balance between internal and external sources of antioxidants to maintain stability in the skeletal muscle. Without this balance, there is a risk of muscle soreness, damage, and ultimately, a decline in exercise performance. Curcumin possesses the ability to enhance physical performance and reduce the symptoms of muscle fatigue and injury by virtue of its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Including curcumin supplements appears to have advantageous effects on various aspects of exercise, such as enhancing performance, assisting with recovery, lessening muscle damage and discomfort, and lowering levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, a thorough assessment is necessary to precisely gauge the healing advantages of curcumin in enhancing exercise ability and reducing recovery time.

PDPN positive CAFs contribute to HER2 positive breast cancer resistance to trastuzumab by inhibiting antibody-dependent NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody, and has been clinical employed to treat human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer. However, drug resistance to trastuzumab remains a challenge due to the generally uncharacterized interactive immune responses within the tumor tissue. In this study, by means of single-cell sequencing, we identified a novel podoplanin-positive (PDPN+) cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) subset, which was enriched in trastuzumab resistant tumor tissues. Furthermore, we found that PDPN+ CAFs promote resistance to trastuzumab in HER2+ breast cancer by secreting immunosuppressive factors indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) as well as tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2), thereby suppressing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), which was mediated by functional NK cells. A dual inhibitor IDO/TDO-IN-3 simultaneously targeting IDO1 and TDO2 showed a promising effect on reversing PDPN+ CAFs-induced suppression of NK cells mediated ADCC. Collectively, a novel subset of PDPN+ CAFs was identified in this study, which induced trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer of HER2+ status via inhibiting ADCC immune response mediated by NK cells, hinting that PDPN+ CAFs could be a novel target of treatment to increase the sensitivity of HER2+ breast cancer to trastuzumab.

The persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic, and resistance (PBTR) risk assessment framework of antibiotics in the drinking water sources.

Antibiotics are emerging pollutants largely considered to have a lower risk based on persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic (PBT) risk assessments. However, an increasing number of studies have illustrated that antibiotics are responsible for the global increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which suggests that the risk of antibiotics has been largely underestimated by using PBT risk assessment. Here, we designed an integrated innovation risk assessment framework of persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic, and resistance (PBTR) that accounts for antibiotic resistance to better represent the antibiotic environmental risk. This novel antibiotic risk assessment framework was further verified via application to 39 target antibiotics in the 23 drinking water sources of the lower Yangtze River (LYR), China, during the normal and flood seasons. In contrast with the PBT assessment, single toxicity assessment and single resistance assessment, in the PBTR assessment, 7 of 39 target antibiotics with bacterial insensitivity were observed to represent a more prominent risk, as were the sites sampled during the flood season with low concentrations but high pollution loads, which confirmed that the sensitivity of PBTR risk assessment was instructive. The PBTR risk assessment for the screened priority antibiotics contributes not only representative data but also an innovative approach for identifying resistance risks. Using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, the sources of priority antibiotics can be predicted and thus supported the corresponding policy. Overall, this study first constructed a PBTR risk assessment framework, then applied it to facilitate the accurate management of antibiotic pollution at the basin level.

Ascorbic Acid-Caused Quenching Effect of Protein Clusteroluminescence Probe: The Fast Fluorescent Detection of Ascorbic Acid in Vegetables.

It is interesting and meaningful to explore fluorescent probes for novel rapid detection methods. In this study, we discovered a natural fluorescence probe, bovine serum albumin (BSA), for the assay of ascorbic acid (AA). Due to clusterization-triggered emission (CTE), BSA has the character of clusteroluminescence. AA shows an obvious fluorescence quenching effect on BSA, and the quenching effect increases with increasing concentrations of AA. After optimization, a method for the rapid detection of AA is established by the AA-caused fluorescence quenching effect. The fluorescence quenching effect reaches saturation after 5 min of incubation time and the fluorescence is stable within more than one hour, suggesting a rapid and stable fluorescence response. Moreover, the proposed assay method shows good selectivity and a wide linear range. To further study the mechanisms of AA-caused fluorescence quenching effect, some thermodynamic parameters are calculated. The main intermolecular force between BSA and AA is electrostatic, presumably leading to the inhibiting CTE process of BSA. This method also shows acceptable reliability for the real vegetable sample assay. In summary, this work will not only provide an assay strategy for AA, but also open an avenue for the application expansion of CTE effect of natural biomacromolecules.

Design, synthesis and bioactive evaluation of geniposide derivatives for antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects.

Hyperuricemia is a principal factor mediating gout and kidney damage, and xanthine oxidase (XOD) is a key enzyme in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia. In this context, a series of geniposide derivatives were designed and synthesized, and antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of all derivatives was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Compound 2e emerged as the most potent XOD inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 6.67 ± 0.46 µM. Simultaneously, cell viability, ROS generation, and SOD levels assay showed that compound 2e could repair the damage of HKC cells by inhibiting the oxidative stress response. The results of the study indicated compound 2e significantly decreased uric acid levels by inhibiting the XOD activity, and repaired kidney damage by inhibiting the expression of TLR4/TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB and NALP3/ASC/caspase-1 signaling pathways. Enzyme inhibition kinetics suggested that compound 2e functioned via reversible mixed competitive inhibition. Moreover, a molecular docking study was performed to gain insight into the binding mode of compound 2e with XOD. These results suggest that geniposide derivatives were potential to be developed into a novel medicine to reveal healthy benefits in natural prevention and reduction risk of hyperuricemia and kidney damage.

Progesterone-induced RNA Hand2os1 regulates decidualization in mice uteri.

Decidualization is a critical process for successful embryo implantation and subsequent placenta formation. The characterization and physiological function of lncRNA during decidualization remain largely unknown. In the present study, we conducted RNA-sequencing analysis to compare gene expression between decidua of days 6 and 8, and normal pregnant endometrium (day 4). A total of 2332 high-confidence putative lncRNA transcripts were expressed. Functional clustering analysis of cis and trans lncRNA targets showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs may regulate multiple gene ontology terms and pathways that have important functions in decidualization. Subsequent analyses using qRT-PCR validated that eight of all lncRNAs were differentially regulated in mice uteri during decidualization, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that differentially expressed lncRNA of Hand2os1 was specifically detected in stromal cells on days 2 to 5 of pregnancy and was strongly upregulated in decidual cells on days 6-8 of pregnancy. Similarly, Hand2os1 expression was also strongly expressed in decidualized cells following artificial decidualization, both in vivo and in vitro. In uterine stromal cells, P4 was able to significantly upregulate the expression of Hand2os1, but upregulation was impeded by RU486, whereas E2 appeared to have no regulating effect on Hand2os1 expression. Concurrently, Hand2os1 significantly promoted the decidual process in vitro and dramatically increased decidualization markers Prl8a2 and Prl3c1. Our results provide a valuable catalog for better understanding of the functional roles of lncRNAs in pregnant mouse uteri, as it relates to decidualization.

UFMylation is associated with LPS-induced inflammatory response in goat endometrial epithelial cells.

The endometrium plays an important role in the defence against invading pathogens, although the mechanisms are not clear. UFMylation is a recently discovered novel ubiquitination-like modification system that plays a pivotal role in inflammation and the immune response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of UFMylation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in immortalized goat endometrial epithelial cells (gEECs). Ubiquitin-fold modifier conjugating enzyme 1 (UFM1) and DDRGK domain containing 1 (DDRGK1) were mainly localized in the luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium of mouse and goat endometrial tissues. The expression levels of UFM1, ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 5 (UBA5), UFM1 specific ligase 1 (UFL1) and DDRGK1, as key components of the UFMylation system, were significantly activated by 5 µg/mL LPS-induced inflammatory response in gEECs for 6 hr. Meanwhile, the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly upregulated, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was significantly down-regulated after overexpression of UFM1 in gEECs. Additionally, we observed UFM1 and DDRGK1 were markedly increased on LPS-stimulated mouse endometritis in vivo. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that UFMylation was significantly activated by LPS and might be involved in regulating inflammatory response in gEECs.

Antibiotic contamination in a typical water-rich city in southeast China: a concern for drinking water resource safety.

The occurrence and distribution in the aquatic environment of Nanjing of 49 antibiotics from seven therapeutic classes were investigated using an improved analytical method developed for multiclass target analysis. The results showed that these antibiotics are widely present in the water bodies of this city, with a total concentration of up to 1.958 µg L-1. The most abundant class was tetracyclines, contributing 43.7% to the total antibiotic burden. Lincomycin was detected in all samples, and the detection rate of clindamycin was 90.5%. An exploratory analysis of the data points was performed by unsupervised pattern recognition (hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA) in an attempt to clarify the pollution level in different sampling areas, and robust cluster solutions grouped the data according to their different antibiotic contaminant profiles. The safety of drinking water resources was emphasized, and the rivers, as the main receiving water body for treated and untreated wastewater in this city, were more seriously contaminated than the surrounding lakes and reservoir, not only in concentration but also in detection frequency, in our study as well as in similar research studies. A correlation analysis between the presence of antibiotics and the environmental factors was conducted, and it was found that antibiotic contamination and water quality were closely connected; the better the water quality, the lower the antibiotic contamination. Positive correlations existed between the antibiotics and tested heavy metals, as well as between antibiotics and boron and arsenic. However, whether these correlations resulted from their reaction or a common source was difficult to determine, and the mechanism requires further exploration.

CREBZF regulates testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells.

CREBZF, including the two isoforms SMILE (long isoform of CREBZF) and Zhangfei (short isoform of CREBZF), has been identified as a novel transcriptional coregulator of a variety of nuclear receptors. Our previous studies found that SMILE is expressed in the mouse uterine luminal and glandular epithelium and is upregulated by estrogen. In the present study, CREBZF was age-dependently and -specifically expressed in mouse interstitial Leydig cells during sexual maturation. The expression pattern of CREBZF exhibited an age-related increase, and SMILE was the dominant isoform in the mouse testis. Although hCG did not affect CREBZF expression, CREBZF silencing significantly inhibited hCG-stimulated testosterone production in primary Leydig cells and MLTC-1 cells. Meanwhile, the serum concentration of testosterone was significantly decreased after microinjection of lentiviral-mediated shRNA-CREBZF into the mature mouse testis. In addition, CREBZF silencing markedly decreased P450c17, 17ß-HSD, and 3ß-HSD expression following hCG stimulation in primary Leydig cells, and this inhibitory effect was obviously reversed by overexpression of CREBZF. Furthermore, CREBZF significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of Nr4a1 and Nr5a1, which are the essential orphan nuclear receptors for steroidogenic gene expression. Together our data indicate that CREBZF promotes hCG-induced testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells by affecting Nr4a1 and Nr5a1 expression levels and subsequently increasing the expression of steroidogenic genes such as 3ß-HSD, 17ß-HSD, and P450c17, suggesting a potential important role of CREBZF in testicular testosterone synthesis.

Enhanced Triplet Sensitizing Ability of an Iridium Complex by Intramolecular Energy-Transfer Mechanism.

The photodynamic properties involving both intra- and intermolecular triplet energy transfers (ET) of a bichromophoric photosensitizer having a tris-cyclometalated Ir(III) tethered with a pyrene derivative are studied. Due to the triplet energy gap of the two chromophores, a reversible intramolecular triplet ET equilibrium is quickly established upon photoexcitation, with the triplet exciton mainly residing on the acceptor side in the photostationary state. By virtue of the very small decay rate of triplet pyrene, a considerably extended triplet lifetime (2 ms) is observed. Next, the intermolecular triplet-triplet ET properties are investigated. Using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy, the ET rate constants from the Ir complex and pyrene unit in the sensitizer to an external triplet acceptor (unattached, free pyrene derivative) in solution are found to be around 109 s-1 and 108 M -1 s-1, respectively. In spite of a lower ET rate constant, the tethered pyrene serves as the main intermolecular ET channel because of the large, favorable intramolecular ET equilibrium ( K ∼ 103). Importantly, this cascade ET process, from Ir complex to linked pyrene, and then to free pyrene, offers an overall improved ET efficiency than a direct ET from Ir complex to free pyrene, by virtue of the much smaller spontaneous decay rate compared to that of the metal complex. Finally, the more efficient ET ability is demonstrated experimentally by applying the molecule as sensitizer in a triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. The bichromophoric sensitizer achieved upconverted emission intensity 5 times higher than a monochromophoric Ir-complex analogue.

Energy Transfer Dynamics in Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Using a Bichromophoric Heavy-Atom-Free Sensitizer.

A heavy-atom-free triplet sensitizer suitable for triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion was developed from the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecule 4CzPN by covalently tethering a pyrene derivative (DBP) as a triplet acceptor. The triplet exciton produced by 4CzPN is captured by the intramolecular pyrenyl acceptor and subsequently transferred via intermolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) to freely diffusing pyrenyl acceptors in toluene. Transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy were employed to examine the dynamics of both the intra- and intermolecular TTET processes, and the results indicate that the intramolecular energy transfer from 4CzPN to DBP is swift, quantitative, and nearly irreversible. The reverse intersystem crossing is suppressed while intersystem crossing remains efficient, achieving high triplet yield and long triplet lifetime simultaneously. The ultralong excited state lifetime characteristic of the DBP triplet was shown to be crucial for enhancing the intermolecular TTET efficiency and the subsequent triplet-triplet annihilation photochemistry. It was also demonstrated that with the long triplet lifetime of the tethered DBP, TTET was enabled under low free acceptor concentrations and/or with sluggish molecular diffusion in polymer matrixes.

Fatigue Performance of RC Beams Strengthened with CFRP under Overloads with a Ladder Spectrum.

Vehicle overload is detrimental to bridges and traffic safety. This paper presents a study on the fatigue performance of typical reinforced concrete (RC) beams of highway bridges under vehicle overload. A definition method of vehicle overload and a construction method of overload ladder spectrum were first proposed based on traffic data acquisition, statistical analysis and structural calculation of the highway bridges in Guangzhou. A fatigue experimental method was also proposed with the three-ladder vehicle overload spectrum, and the fatigue tests of 15 RC beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) under three loading levels were then carried out. The fatigue performance and the failure mechanism of the strengthened beams were presented and discussed, and two fatigue life prediction methods were proposed with the established modified Palmgren-Miner rule and the loading level equivalent method respectively. The results showed that the fatigue performance of the strengthened RC beams was severely degraded under overload ladder spectrum compared with that under constant amplitude cyclic load, and the life prediction methods were proved effective.

Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticides and Neurobehavioral Effects in Chinese Children.

Organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides are widely used in China. However, few studies have investigated the neurobehavioral outcomes of Chinese children exposed to low levels of OP and PYR. We investigated urinary metabolite levels and their association with exposure characteristics and the neurobehavior of children. For all children, biomarker measurements were made in the same interval relative to neurobehavioral testing. We analyzed the morning urine samples of 406 children aged 3-6 years from Nanjing, China. The Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to identify the associations between urinary metabolite levels and exposure characteristics. Multiple linear regression models were used to test the associations between urinary metabolite levels and neurobehavioral test scores after adjusting for covariates (e.g., sex, age, and education expense). The detection of 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in the urine was positively associated with living areas adjacent to agricultural fields and using indoor mosquito repellent incense. These two metabolites were negatively associated with the soaking time of fruits and vegetables. When treated as dichotomous variables, TCP was significantly associated with arithmetic test scores in adjusted models, and 3-PBA was significantly associated with the scores on the Chinese Binet and arithmetic tests. When treated as a continuous variable, higher urinary 3-PBA levels were significantly associated with lower cancellation test scores. Our findings suggest that exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides may have a significant impact on children's working memory and verbal comprehension.

Application of packed porous nanofibers-solid-phase extraction for the detection of sulfonamide residues from environmental water samples by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.

Porous electrospun nanofibers, as new materials for solid-phase extraction, were synthesized by electrospinning and coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to determine sulfonamide residues in environmental water. Aligned porous polystyrene electrospun nanofibers were fabricated under the mechanism of phase separation. The high-specific surface of these nanofibers (70 m(2)/g) could improve recoveries of the target sulfonamides 4-10 times compared with that of polystyrene nonporous material (3.8 m(2)/g). Under the optimized conditions, 13 sulfonamide residues showed an excellent linear relationship in the range of 0.125-12.5 ng/mL with a linear correlation coefficient (r(2)) greater than 0.99, and the detection limits of sulfonamides were as low as 0.80-5.0 ng/L. Compared to the commercial C18 and HLB columns, the homemade porous nanofibers columns had some merits including simple fabrication and extraction process, short process time and environmental friendliness. The optimized method was applied to eight water samples collected from different livestock farms (Xuzhou, China). The results showed that polystyrene porous nanofibers were promising to preconcentrate sulfonamides of different polarities in the waste water.

Sorption and transport of five sulfonamide antibiotics in agricultural soil and soil-manure systems.

Animal manure application is a main spreading route of veterinary antibiotics in soil and groundwater. The sorption and leaching behavior of five commonly used sulfonamides in five typical soil and soil/manure mixtures from China were investigated in this study. Results showed that the empirical Freundlich equation fits well the sorption behavior of selected sulfonamides (r(2) was between 0.803 and 0.999, 1/n was between 0.68 and 1.44), and pH and soil organic carbon (OC) were the key impact factors to sorption and leaching. Addition of manure was found to increase the Kd values of sulfonamides in five different soils, following the rules that the more polar substances, the more increased extent of sorption after manure amendment (5.87 times for sulfadiazine with Log Kow = -0.09, and 2.49 times for sulfamethoxazole with Log Kow = 0.89). When the simulated rainfall amount reached 300 mL (180 mm), sulfonamides have high migration potential to the groundwater, especially in the soil with low OC and high pH. However, manure amendment increased the sorption capacity of sulfonamides in the top layer, thus it might play a role in decreasing the mobility of sulfonamides in soils. The systematic study would be more significant to assess the ecological risks and suggest considering the influence of manure amendment for the environmental fate of antibiotics.

Pollution characteristics and environmental risk assessment of typical veterinary antibiotics in livestock farms in Southeastern China.

Scientific interest in pollution from antibiotics in animal husbandry has increased during recent years. However, there have been few studies on the vertical exposure characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in different exposure matrices from different livestock farms. This study explores the distribution and migration of antibiotics from feed to manure, from manure to soil, and from soil to vegetables, by investigating the exposure level of typical antibiotics in feed, manure, soil, vegetables, water, fish, and pork in livestock farms. A screening environmental risk assessment was conducted to identify the hazardous potential of veterinary antibiotics from livestock farms in southeast China. The results show that adding antibiotics to drinking water as well as the excessive use of antibiotic feed additives may become the major source of antibiotics pollution in livestock farms. Physical and chemical properties significantly affect the distribution and migration of various antibiotics from manure to soil and from soil to plant. Simple migration models can predict the accumulation of antibiotics in soil and plants. The environmental risk assessment results show that more attention should be paid to the terrestrial eco-risk of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin, and to the aquatic eco-risk of chlorotetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. This is the first systematic analysis of the vertical pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in livestock farms in southeast China. It also identifies the ecological and human health risk of veterinary antibiotics.

Factors affecting the protection of data rights in sports events: a configurational analysis.

The development of algorithms and the spread of digital infrastructure have contributed significantly to the productivity of the digital economy. Data has come to be known as the "oil of the digital economy". At the same time, data has begun to participate more deeply in the production activities of the global sports industry chain, and the international discussion on how to protect the rights of sports event data has been increasing. Based on the configurational theory and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this study discusses the factors affecting the protection of sports event data rights. The study found three configuration paths for achieving high enterprise data protection effectiveness and two for achieving low enterprise data protection effectiveness. The results of this study provide theoretical support for governments to address the issue of sports event data rights. They will also facilitate the safe use of data in sports, promote the global sports industry and humanitarian action development, and contribute to international sustainable development.

Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of hydroxytyrosol: a potential strategy for anti-depressant development.

Introduction: Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder with substantial societal impact. While current antidepressants offer moderate efficacy, their adverse effects and limited understanding of depression's pathophysiology hinder the development of more effective treatments. Amidst this complexity, the role of neuroinflammation, a recognized but poorly understood associate of depression, has gained increasing attention. This study investigates hydroxytyrosol (HT), an olive-derived phenolic antioxidant, for its antidepressant and anti-neuroinflammatory properties based on mitochondrial protection. Methods: In vitro studies on neuronal injury models, the protective effect of HT on mitochondrial ultrastructure from inflammatory damage was investigated in combination with high-resolution imaging of mitochondrial substructures. In animal models, depressive-like behaviors of chronic restraint stress (CRS) mice and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats were examined to investigate the alleviating effects of HT. Targeted metabolomics and RNA-Seq in CUMS rats were used to analyze the potential antidepressant pathways of HT. Results: HT protected mitochondrial ultrastructure from inflammatory damage, thus exerting neuroprotective effects in neuronal injury models. Moreover, HT reduced depressive-like behaviors in mice and rats exposed to CRS and CUMS, respectively. HT's influence in the CRS model included alleviating hippocampal neuronal damage and modulating cytokine production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Targeted metabolomics in CUMS rats revealed HT's effect on neurotransmitter levels and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism. RNA-Seq data underscored HT's antidepressant mechanism through the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways, key in nerve fiber functions, myelin formation, microglial differentiation, and neural regeneration. Discussion: The findings underscore HT's potential as an anti-neuroinflammatory treatment for depression, shedding light on its antidepressant effects and its relevance in nutritional psychiatry. Further investigations are warranted to comprehensively delineate its mechanisms and optimize its clinical application in depression treatment.