RESUMO
We report the measurement of the helicity asymmetry E for the pπ^{0} and nπ^{+} final states using, for the first time, an elliptically polarized photon beam in combination with a longitudinally polarized target at the Crystal Ball experiment at MAMI. The results agree very well with data that were taken with a circularly polarized photon beam, showing that it is possible to simultaneously measure polarization observables that require linearly (e.g., G) and circularly polarized photons (e.g., E) and a longitudinally polarized target. The new data cover a photon energy range 270-1400 MeV for the pπ^{0} final state (230-842 MeV for the nπ^{+} final state) and the full range of pion polar angles, θ, providing the most precise measurement of the observable E. A moment analysis gives a clear observation of the pη cusp in the pπ^{0} final state.
RESUMO
A precise measurement of the differential cross sections dσ/dΩ and the linearly polarized photon beam asymmetry Σ_{3} for Compton scattering on the proton below pion threshold has been performed with a tagged photon beam and almost 4π detector at the Mainz Microtron. The incident photons were produced by the recently upgraded Glasgow-Mainz photon tagging facility and impinged on a cryogenic liquid hydrogen target, with the scattered photons detected in the Crystal Ball/TAPS setup. Using the highest statistics Compton scattering data ever measured on the proton along with two effective field theories (both covariant baryon and heavy-baryon) and one fixed-t dispersion relation model, constraining the fits with the Baldin sum rule, we have obtained the proton electric and magnetic polarizabilities with unprecedented precision: α_{E1}=10.99±0.16±0.47±0.17±0.34, ß_{M1}=3.14±0.21±0.24±0.20±0.35; in units of 10^{-4} fm^{3} where the errors are statistical, systematic, spin polarizability dependent, and model dependent.
RESUMO
We report a measurement of the spin polarization of the recoiling neutron in deuterium photodisintegration, utilizing a new large acceptance polarimeter within the Crystal Ball at MAMI. The measured photon energy range of 300-700 MeV provides the first measurement of recoil neutron polarization at photon energies where the quark substructure of the deuteron plays a role, thereby providing important new constraints on photodisintegration mechanisms. A very high neutron polarization in a narrow structure centered around E_{γ}â¼570 MeV is observed, which is inconsistent with current theoretical predictions employing nucleon resonance degrees of freedom. A Legendre polynomial decomposition suggests this behavior could be related to the excitation of the d^{*}(2380) hexaquark.
RESUMO
The double-polarization observable E and helicity-dependent cross sections σ_{1/2}, σ_{3/2} have been measured for the photoproduction of π^{0} pairs off quasifree protons and neutrons at the Mainz MAMI accelerator with the Crystal Ball/TAPS setup. A circularly polarized photon beam was produced by bremsstrahlung from longitudinally polarized electrons and impinged on a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The reaction products were detected with an almost 4π covering calorimeter. The results reveal for the first time the helicity- and isospin-dependent structure of the γNâNπ^{0}π^{0} reaction. They are compared to predictions from reaction models in view of nucleon resonance contributions and also to a refit of one model that predicted results for the proton and for the neutron target. The comparison of the prediction and the refit demonstrates the large impact of the new data.
RESUMO
The present study evaluates the relationship between cognitive impairment and the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) in elderly persons suffering from depression. Twenty-nine subjects meeting DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) were assessed using the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and the DST. Plasma cortisol levels before and after receiving 0.5 mg dexamethasone were compared, and correlations were determined between GDS and postdexamethasone plasma cortisol levels. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the GDS scores and post-DEX cortisol levels (r = 0.57, p less than 0.005). It is suggested that increased activity of the HPA axis, seen in depression, could contribute to the cognitive impairments observed in this disorder.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Demência/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Dexametasona , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transtornos Cognitivos/sangue , Demência/sangue , Transtorno Depressivo/sangue , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
We present three probands with partial trisomies 2p21-23 due to ins(4;2)(q21;p21p23) pat, 2p23-pter due to t(2;4)(p23;q35)mat, and 2p21-pter due to t(2;11)(p21;q23.3)mat. More than 50 cases of partial trisomy 2p have been reviewed and some abnormalities, unusual for most other types of structural autosomal imbalance, have been found in patients with inherited forms of 2p trisomy and in their non-karyotyped sibs. Neural tube defects (anencephaly, occipital encephalocele, and spina bifida) were found in five probands and 4/6 affected non-karyotyped sibs. The only triplicated segment common to all was 2p24. Different forms of "broncho-pulmonary a/hypoplasia" (including two cases of lung agenesis) were described in four patients (overlapping triplicated segment was 2p21-p25). Three patients (with overlapping triplicated segment 2p23-p25) had diaphragmatic hernia. Abnormal rotation of the heart or L-transposition of large vessels (with or without visceral heterotaxia) was found in two infants (overlapping triplicated segment 2p23-p24). In two patients with common triplicated segment 2p22.3-p25, neuroblastoma has been described. The occurrence of all these defects may be explained either by the action of the same gene(s) mapped to 2p24 or by action of some independent factors located in different segments of the short arm. Although the latter hypothesis is much less probable, it can not be rejected at the present time. We propose the existence of a genetic system controlling surveillance of an abnormal embryo to explain the phenotypic differences between patients with the same imbalance within a family. In some "restrictive" combinations the abnormal embryos will die, although in "permissive" combinations they can survive.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 2 , Trissomia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Cariotipagem , FenótipoRESUMO
1. Animal and human studies suggest a possible relationship between dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and cognitive impairment. 2. In animals, prolonged exposure to high plasma cortisol levels causes irreversible hippocampal damage. 3. Abnormal cortisol plasma levels in response to dexamethasone challenge have been frequently observed in dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) patients. 4. The authors studied the relationship of responsivity of the HPA axis to cognitive impairment in 34 DAT patients drug free for at least 10 days. A decrease in HPA axis responsivity significantly correlated with greater cognitive impairment.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Dexametasona , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores Etários , Doença de Alzheimer/sangue , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/sangue , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The present study evaluates the relationship between brain-adrenal axis activity and cognitive function in patients suffering from senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Thirty-four subjects (20 females and 14 males) were assessed using the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and plasma cortisol levels after administration of 0.5 mg of dexamethasone. The results show a positive Spearman rank correlation between the GDS scores and postdexamethasone cortisol levels only in female subjects, but not in males. Different gender distributions might explain the contradictory results of previous investigations of the relationship between brain-adrenal axis activity and cognitive function in SDAT patients.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Dexametasona , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/sangue , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Three patients and one fetus with almost complete trisomy 17p due to familial rearrangements are described. Two patients followed unbalanced transmission of a familial pericentric inversion, and one patient and one fetus were due to unbalanced segregation of familial translocations. In the inversion family, another two patients with multiple malformations had died before chromosome examination could be performed. The pattern of congenital anomalies as revealed from eleven cases of trisomy 17p11-pter include as the most prominent features: prenatal growth retardation, microcephaly, downslanting palpebral fissures, small mouth, small mandible, poorly shaped ears, short and webbed neck, genital hypoplasia, clinodactyly of fingers, crowding of toes, a high incidence of congenital heart defects and hernias. Postnatal survival is short mainly in patients with congenital heart defects. From the age of about 6 years onward, clinical findings become more distinct, with some signs of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (pes cavus, adducted thumbs, dorsiflexed hallux, camptodactyly and limitation of movements in different joints), and the nose gets narrow and sharp, with hypoplastic alae.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 17 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 4 , Translocação Genética , Trissomia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/genética , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Gravidez , PrognósticoRESUMO
The principles of the estimation of the risk of repeated birth of malformed child and spontaneous abortion in families of balanced carriers of insertions are presented. A risk for a carrier is formed from two parts: a risk for a carrier of reciprocal translocation and a risk for a carrier of insertion of the came length as inseried segment. The first component of the risk is a constant, the latter one is a variable. It depends on the length of the inserted segment, the type of its inclusion (direct or inverted) and sites of break points. An estimation of the risk in hypothetical insertion 46, XX, inv ins (4; 2) (q24; q22q34) is described as a model. The same method of counselling may be used for the families with triple translocations t(a-, b-, c+) with "insertion" of fragment of chromosome "a" between the parts of "b" and "c" chromosomes. A tentative empirical mean value of repeated birth of malformed child and spontaneous abortion in families with insertions is 29% and 45% for the female carrier, and about 37% and 25% for the male carrier.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Aconselhamento Genético , Aborto Espontâneo/genética , Anormalidades Congênitas/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , RiscoRESUMO
Different parental translocations were observed in 11 out of 59 families where a child with Patau's syndrome was born. All cases, except for one with t(13; 18) (q14; q23) in the father, revealed the Robertsonian translocations. In most cases there were t(13; 14). The t(13; 15) and t(13; 13) translocations were detected in one mother each. The latter woman bore three babies with Patau's syndrome. One boy in this series had trisomy 13 and sporadic translocation t(2; 22) (q31; q13) simultaneously.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas/genética , Cromossomos Humanos 13-15/ultraestrutura , Trissomia , Transtornos Cromossômicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome , Translocação GenéticaRESUMO
An analysis of data about the +p9 syndrome revealed that this clinical entity may occur in some different genetic forms. The recurrence risk in cases with familial translocations is due to the type of meiotic segregation, 2:2 or 3:1. It was shown a nonrandomness of involvement of chromosomes 15 and 22 in translocations with chromosome number 9.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos 6-12 e X , Trissomia , Aborto Espontâneo/genética , Fatores Etários , Peso ao Nascer , Cromossomos Humanos 13-15 , Cromossomos Humanos 21-22 e Y , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Meiose , Pais , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Gravidez , Fatores Sexuais , Translocação GenéticaRESUMO
Partial trisomy 11q due to a sporadic translocation was found in a mentally retarded girl with multiple abnormalities. The proportion of sporadic translocations involved in the total incidence of partial trisomies is discussed.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Cromossomos Humanos 6-12 e X , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Trissomia , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Cariotipagem , Translocação GenéticaRESUMO
Partial trisomy for the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 20 reported in a girl aged 11/2 years with typical craniofacial dysmorphies and psychomotor retardation. The trisomy resulted from a paternal translocation t(14;20) (q32.3;p11.1). The review of 25 cases of partial trisomy 20p showed that most cases (22 : 25) were due to parental translocations. Predominant involvement of small chromosomes in translocations with chromosome 20 was also detected.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Cromossomos Humanos 19-20 , Trissomia , Cromossomos Humanos 13-15 , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Cariotipagem , Translocação GenéticaRESUMO
A new case is presented of partial trisomy 3p in a one-year-old mentally retarded female infant with characteristic craniofacial dysmorphism and rare-faction of the stroma of the iris. The partial trisomy resulted from paternal balanced translocation t(3;6)(p25;p25). A review of the literature revealed that 1. both sexes are equally affected; 2. holoprosencephaly, found in 4 of 45 cases, may be considered the major and most severe anomaly of this syndrome; 3. the life-span of partial trisomy 3p is shorter than generally believed as most patients with severe malformations probably die before karyotype studies are initiated.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 3 , Ossos Faciais/anormalidades , Crânio/anormalidades , Trissomia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Encéfalo/anormalidades , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Cariotipagem , SíndromeRESUMO
Four new cases of the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome are presented, two of which were due to t(4;22)mat. Review of the literature (more than 100 cases of the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome) showed that 13 % of all the reported cases were not mutations but segregations of parental chromosomal aberrations, primarily translocations. Similar data were obtained previously for other deletions (5p--, 18p--, 18q--). Analysis of data on some "new" deletion syndromes (4q--, 8p--, 9p--, 10p--, 11p--, 11q--) revealed that 14.5 % were inherited cases. Thus, all human autosomal deletions have virtually the same genetic pattern.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos 4-5 , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Masculino , SíndromeRESUMO
An additional small G-like chromosome was found in a newborn female with multiple abnormalities and hemorrhagic diathesis. G banding showed that the index patient was trisomic for the short arm of chromosome 8 and revealed the anomaly t(8;15)(q12;p11) in her mother. The relationship between chromosome 8 and multiple hemorrhages is discussed.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos 13-15 , Cromossomos Humanos 6-12 e X , Translocação Genética , Trissomia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Fator VII/genética , Feminino , Genes Reguladores , Transtornos Hemorrágicos/genética , Humanos , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
Two cases of partial 10p trisomy due to a t(10;20)(p12;p12) in two generations of a family are presented. Analysis of 20 known cases of such aberrations confirmed the opinion of Schleiermacher et al. (1974) that partial trisomy 10p is a distinct clinically recognizable entity. The most important diagnostic features of this syndrome are dolichocephaly, prominent forehead, wide open sutures and fontanelles, broad root of the nose, cleft lip and palate, clubfoot, and cystic changes in kidneys.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos 6-12 e X , Trissomia , Adulto , Fenda Labial/etiologia , Fissura Palatina/etiologia , Pé Torto Equinovaro/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Linhagem , Doenças Renais Policísticas/etiologia , Crânio/anormalidadesRESUMO
The observation of partial trisomy for 5q31-5qter and partial monosomy for the same segment in two offspring within the same family is presented. Their normal mother was a balanced carrier of a reciprocal translocation 46,XX,t(5;10) (q31.3;q26). The trisomic female had craniofacial dysplasia, a short neck, clinodactyly of the 5th fingers, a small umbilical hernia, arhinencephalia, cerebellar hypoplasia, atrial septal defect, an accessory spleen, bifid uterus and vagina, hypoplastic ovaries. Potter syndrome with cystic dysplasia of the left kidney and agenesis of the right, urethral atresia, uterus unicornus with utero-urethral fistula, true hermaphroditism with two ovaries and one testicle were found in her stillborn sister. Analysis of the manifestations of monosomy 5q and trisomy 5q in the same family supports a well known fact that the effects of deletions are more pronounced than those of duplications for the same segments.